Mrs. Keadle JH Science
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The Digestive System
Match the following vocabulary words to their definition.
Please write a capital letter in the blank.
A. a muscular bag that crushed food
and contains acids and enzymes for
breaking down food.
1.
mechanical digestion
B. removal of waste material left over
after food is digested to prevent
illness.
2.
chemical digestion
C. muscular tube where most of the
chemical digestion takes place and
most nutrients are absorbed.
3.
absorption
D. food is physically broken down into
smaller pieces by breaking,
crushing and mashing.
4.
elimination
E. small finger-like projections that
5.
villi
line the inside of the small intestine
and absorb nutrients
F. gland that produces enzymes that
help to break down food chemically.
6.
salivary glands
G. process by which nutrient molecules
7.
stomach
pass through the wall of your
digestive system into your blood.
H. chemicals (enzymes)produced by
the body break foods into their
smaller nutrients.
8.
small intestine
I. muscular tube where vitamins B
9.
large intestine
and K are made and water is
removed from food waste.
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The Digestive System
Mrs. Keadle JH Science
The diagram below shows two important parts of the human digestive
system.
10
Which of these statements is correct?
11
A
The majority of mechanical digestion takes place in part B.
B
The pancreas releases enzymes into part A to aid in chemical
digestion.
C
As food digests, it moves through part B first, then through part A.
D
The inside of part A is covered with finger-like projections called villi.
Which cell organelles perform
similar functions inside the cell
that the digestive system does
for our body?
F
mitochondria
G
lysosome
H
cell membrane
J
all of the above
12
Which organ is responsible for
most of the chemical digestion in
the human body?
A
mouth
B
stomach
C
small intestine
D
large intestine
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The Digestive System
Mrs. Keadle JH Science
14 What is the primary function of
the villi in the small intestine?
13
What two body systems are
represented in this diagram?
F
respiratory and reproductive
G
muscular and skeletal
H
digestive and respiratory
J
circulatory and endocrine
A
to help blood flow into the
veins
B
to increase nutrient
absorption
C
to decrease water absorption
D
to help produce vitamin A
15 Birds have a gizzard that is filled
with small stones. When a bird
swallows, the food is broken up
as it passes back and forth
between the chemicals in the
stomach and the gizzard.
The gizzard has a similar
function to which part of the
digestive system?
F
stomach
G
teeth
H
small intestine
J
villi
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The Digestive System
Mrs. Keadle JH Science
18 When a person’s body needs
food, the brain helps maintain
homeostasis by sending signals
that make the person
16
Use the diagram above. In which
organ does almost all absorption
take place?
A
liver
B
pancreas
C
small intestine
A
feel hungry.
B
perspire.
C
put on a sweater.
D
feel tired.
D gall bladder
19 Mechanical digestion begins with
the 17
Use the diagram above. In the
process of digestion, where do
chemical changes begin?
F
mouth
G
esophagus
F
salivary glands
G
teeth
H
epiglottis
J
esophagus
H stomach
J
small intestines
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The Digestive System
Mrs. Keadle JH Science
20
To show students that gravity alone is not the only force that helps move
food through the body, the teacher does a headstand and eats a cookie.
Which of the following is MOST responsible for moving the food to the
teacher’s stomach while upside down?
21
22
A
chewing by teeth
B
movement of the tongue
C
squeezing by the esophagus
D
contraction of the stomach
Which of the following phrases describe the function of the digestive
system?
I. Smooth, muscular tube connects the mouth to the stomach.
II. Muscular action in the esophagus pushes food to the stomach.
III. Structures called villi absorb nutrients from food
IV. To supply nutrients to the body’s cells.
F
I and II
G
II and III
H
II and IV
J
IV
Each organ of the digestive system plays an important role in food
digestion. What is one role of the liver?
A
The liver is responsible for most mechanical digestion that occurs.
B
The liver produces bile, which helps to break down fats.
C
The liver transports food through the digestive tract using
peristalsis.
D
The liver absorbs water from digested material before it moves to
the rectum.
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The Digestive System
Mrs. Keadle JH Science
23
When your body needs additional energy, like when you run, things happen
in your body systems to give you the additional food and oxygen you need
in your cells. Which of the following is happening to send more energy to
cells when you are running?
I.
II.
III.
IV.
24
Your skeletal system gets stronger.
Your digestive system breaks down food faster.
Your heart pumps blood with more force.
Your lungs work harder and faster.
F
II and IV
G
III and IV
H
I and III
J
II, III and IV
Which term describes the type of
digestion that results from
chewing and crushing food into
smaller pieces?
A
absorption
B
peristalsis
C
chemical digestion
D mechanical digestion
25
Which function is performed
primarily by the digestive
system?
F
exchange of gases between
the blood and the
environment
G
removing wastes from the
body
H breakdown of large
molecules into smaller ones
J
transport of nutrients to cells
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The Digestive System