LESSON B-6 RADIOLOGICAL MONITOR/SURVEY OPERATIONS STUDENT GUIDE This Page Intentionally Left Blank B-6 TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE Action Perform radiological monitoring and survey operations including computing correlation factors, recording data on DA Form 1971-R or 1971-1-R, and preparing and submitting NBC 4 Reports. Conditions Given commander's Operational Exposure Guidance (OEG); DA Form 1971-R or 1971-1-R; NBC 4 Report, paper, pencil, calculator, NBC 4 Report format (GTA 3-6-5 or FM 3-3), and a scenario where nuclear warfare is described, or a scenario describing Depleted Uranium (DU)/Low Level Radioactive (LLR) Materials (DULLRAM). Standard IAW FM 3-3, FM 3-3-1, STP 21-24-SMCT, and unit SOP. Safety Instructions None Tools, Equipment, and Materials Notepad Pen/Pencil DA Form 1971-R or 1971-1-R Map sheet Grease pencils Calculators NBC 4 Reports (DA 1971-Series Form) References FM 3-3 FM 3-3-1 GTA 3-6-8 59 B-6 ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE A Action Supervise radiation monitoring. Conditions Given commander's OEG and a scenario where nuclear warfare is described, or a scenario describing DULLRAM. Standard IAW STP 21-24-SMCT and unit SOP. Learning Step/Activity a. Area Radiological Monitoring (1) Radiological monitoring is done routinely to determine the presence and intensity of the residual radiation hazard. Monitoring is performed while in a stationary position. The radiation may be from fallout or neutron-induced areas. There are two types of radiological monitoring - periodic and continuous. (2) Periodic monitoring - Periodic monitoring consists of frequent checks of the unit area for radiation. Periodic monitoring is initiated after the first use of nuclear weapons in theater, when a unit is out of contact with higher headquarters, when ordered by higher headquarters, or when the unit stops continuous monitoring. (3) (a) During periodic monitoring, take a reading with an AN/VDR-2 RADIAC set at least once each hour. (b) Unit SOPs may require more frequent readings and should provide detailed information on monitoring procedures. (c) When a unit has more than one dosimeter, only one is required for periodic monitoring. Continuous monitoring - Continuous monitoring is the surveillance for radiation in the unit area or position. It is an around-the-clock check for radiation in the unit’s area. Units will initiate continuous monitoring when: (a) Nuclear detonation is observed, heard, or reported in their area of operations. (b) An NBC 3 Nuclear Report is received and the unit is in the predicted area of contamination. (c) A dose rate of 1 cGyph is recorded during periodic monitoring. 60 B-6 (d) Ordered by the unit commander. b. Radiation Monitoring Techniques (1) Direct monitoring - Direct monitoring is the simplest and most precise of the techniques. (a) Procedures: A dosimeter is used to get an unshielded dose rate. Determine the unshielded (outside) dose rate by standing with the AN/VDR-2 held waist high, or 1 meter off the ground, and rotating your body 360 degrees. The highest reading observed is recorded as the dose rate. (b) Direct monitoring is used: While monitoring for the initial detection or arrival of fallout. When in low dose rate areas. When determining unshielded (outside) ground dose rates for transmission or correlation factors. When verifying the contamination status of a new position. While moving through a contaminated area on foot. NOTE: (2) Computing correlation factors will be covered in ELO C of this lesson. Indirect monitoring - Indirect monitoring is done inside shelters or vehicles. This allows the unit to measure radiation levels and still keep exposure to a minimum. Indirect monitoring is the preferred technique when operating in a contaminated area. (a) Procedure: At least one outside reading is necessary to determine the correlation factor. Both the inside and outside readings must be taken within three minutes of each other. Both readings must be taken after fallout is complete. Calculate the correlation factor. (b) Indirect monitoring is used whenever dose rates are high enough to be read inside the shielded location. This technique reduces the exposure the operator would get using the direct method in a high dose rate area (when dose rates are detectable inside a shelter). 61 B-6 c. Radiation Monitoring Reports (1) Radiation monitoring is reported using either automatic or directed NBC 4 Nuclear Reports. The information contained in these reports will vary depending on the word or words included with line item ROMEO which indicates the dose rate reading. (a) Automatic reports - All units in the contaminated area submit certain monitoring reports automatically. These provide minimum essential information for warning, hazard evaluation, and survey planning. The purpose of establishing automatic reports is to prevent overload of communications. In this way, units are obligated, yet limited, to certain types of reports. (b) Directed reports - Selected units in contaminated areas will be directed to submit additional reports. NOTE: (2) (3) Preparing NBC 4 Nuclear Reports will be covered in ELO B of this lesson. There are three types of automatic reports: initial, peak and special. (a) An initial report is the first report sent when the unit monitor records an outside dose rate reading of 1 or more cGyph. The word “Initial” is included with line item ROMEO of the report. (b) Peak reports are sent because radiation levels will rise, peak, and then decrease. The monitor records the highest outside dose rate reading along with location of readings, times of readings, inside dose rate, and outside dose rate. The information is calculated and sent as an NBC 4 Nuclear Report with the word “Peak” included with line item ROMEO. (c) Special reports - These reports invite command attention to areas or conditions of serious concern. The operational situation, unit radiation status, and similar considerations determine the criteria for these special reports. There are several types of directed reports. (a) A Series report consists of dose rate readings taken at the same location at 30minutes intervals for 2 ½ hours followed by hourly reports. Requests for these reports come through intelligence channels. The information is sent as an NBC 4 Nuclear Report with the word “Series” included with line item ROMEO. (b) A Summary report shows the radiation distribution throughout a unit’s area of responsibility. The locations for readings are selected by the reporting unit according to the distribution of its elements and the extent or variety of the area’s terrain. The defense team organizes the data into the NBC 4 Nuclear Report with the word “Summary” included with line item ROMEO. (c) The Verification report is a unit’s response to a direct request from the NBCC. 62 B-6 If data is lacking from a specified location near or in the unit area, the NBCC requests this type of report. A unit tasked with submitting a Verification report will receive specific instructions. These will include the exact location for the readings, why the report is requested, and details about communications. The team will format the NBC 4 Nuclear Report with the word “Verification” included with line item ROMEO. d. Supervise Radiation Monitoring (1) Determine whether to use periodic or continuous monitoring. (2) Select a central point in your area where you want the operators to take readings. Locate the grid coordinates on the map and have dosimeter operators record the location on DA Form 1971-R or paper, whichever will be used to record the readings. NOTE: Recording data on DA Form 1971-R will be covered in ELO D. (3) Ensure the operators perform preventive maintenance checks and services (PMCS) on the AN/VDR-2 RADIAC Set. (4) Determine whether operators should use the direct or indirect technique while monitoring. The indirect method is always preferred. (5) For periodic monitoring direct the operators on how often to take readings (at least once per hour or as stated in the unit SOP). Remind the operators to zero their dosimeters before each reading to prevent significant errors caused by electronic fluctuations. (6) Make sure the operators have a means of recording locations, readings, and time (DA Form 1971-R, Radiological Data Sheet Monitoring and Point Technique, or on plain paper). Tell the operators to record the readings and report them to you. (7) Spot check the operators to make sure the or AN/VDR-2 RADIAC Set are being used correctly. (8) Report the data as an initial, peak or special report. For the peak reports, report other dose rates along with CF data in accordance with the unit SOP. Put the data in the NBC 4 Nuclear Report. 63 B-6 ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE B Action Prepare and submit NBC 4 Nuclear Report. Conditions Given monitoring/survey readings, completed DA 1971-series Form (monitoring, survey and reconnaissance data), paper, pencil, and report format (GTA 3-6-8 or FM 3-3). Standard Prepare and submit NBC 4 Nuclear Report IAW FM 3-3 and unit SOP. Learning Step/Activity a. NBC 4 Nuclear Report (1) When any unit detects NBC hazards through monitoring, survey or reconnaissance, this information is reported using an NBC 4 Report. (2) Separate NBC 4 Nuclear Reports are consolidated and then plotted on the tactical map to show where the hazard exists. (3) The reports will contain only correlated data. The raw readings must be correlated and reflect the true hazard (outside) for that time. NOTE: (4) Correlation factors will be covered in ELO C of this lesson. The precedence of an NBC 4 Report depends on the urgency of the report. It is usually sent IMMEDIATE, but may be upgraded or downgraded as the situation dictates. b. Prepare an NBC 4 Nuclear Report (1) Report the heading information. (a) Determine precedence of report as appropriate. Precedence is usually IMMEDIATE or according to the unit standard operating procedure (SOP). (b) Report date time group of message. (c) Report security classification as directed (normally unclassified). 64 B-6 (d) Report your unit as sender (FROM). (e) Report receiving unit designation (TO). (f) Report type of NBC 4 as nuclear. (2) Report location of reading (grid coordinates) as line QUEBEC. (3) Report dose rate (in centigray per hour) as line ROMEO. (4) Certain words may be used with the dose rate on line ROMEO to describe the circumstances. These words include Initial, Peak, Summary, Series, and Verification, and determine what type of dose rate reading is being reported. NOTE: More than one word may be used on a single report. (5) In reconnaissance, the first contact with radiation is reported immediately. (6) Report the date time group of reading as line SIERRA. c. Submit an NBC 4 Report (1) Submit the completed NBC 4 Nuclear Report as directed or IAW unit standard operating procedure (SOP). (2) An NBC 4 Nuclear report may submitted by computer database update, electronic facsimile, messenger, or liaison officer. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE C Action Compute correlation factors. Conditions Given inside and outside or air and ground dose rate readings. Standard Compute correlation factors to the nearest hundredth IAW FM 3-3-1. 65 B-6 Learning Step/Activity a. Purpose of Correlation Factors Correlation factors are used to convert the reported readings taken inside the vehicle or shelter to ground dose rates existing outside the vehicle or shelter. NOTE: The forward slash (/) will be used in formulas to indicate that division must take place. b. Calculate Correlation Factor (CF) (1) During radiological monitoring or survey operations, take shielded readings. At certain locations, also take unshielded readings within three minutes of the shielded readings. Record this information on DA Form 1971-R or 1971-1-R or as appropriate. NOTE: DA Form 1971-R and DA Form 1971-1-R will be covered in ELO D of this lesson. (2) Use the following formula to compute the correlation factor (CF): OD / ID = CF Outside dose (OD) divided by inside dose (ID) equals correlation factor (CF). Round the answer to the nearest hundredth. Example: A reading of 3cGyph is taken inside an M113 armored personnel carrier. Within three minutes, an outside reading of 10cGyph is taken at the same location. What is the correlation factor of the vehicle? OD / ID = CF 10cGyph / 3cGyph = 3.333 = 3.33 (rounded) The correlation factor is 3.33. 66 B-6 ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE D Action Record data on DA Form 1971-R or 1971-1-R. Conditions Given appropriate monitoring or survey data, a pencil, and a blank DA Form 1971-R or 1971-1-R. Standard Record data on DA Form 1971-R or 1971-1-R IAW FM 3-3-1. Learning Step/Activity 1 a. Purpose of DA Form 1971-R or 1971-1-R The DA Form 1971-R is used to record monitoring data at the unit level. It is also used as a copy sheet for monitoring data passed from one headquarters to another. b. Record Survey Data on DA Form 1971-R or 1971-1-R (1) Fill in block headings. (a) The block headings are self-explanatory. (b) Line out any heading not applicable to the situation. (2) Record the location of the reading as universal transverse mercator (UTM) grid coordinates. (3) Record the dose rate in cGyph. (Only outside, unshielded dose rates are reported.) (4) Record the date-time that the reading was taken. Record date-time in ZULU time. (5) Enter any additional data that may be of value to the unit NBC defense team. NOTE: CF data are calculated and recorded by the unit NBC defense team. (6) Use REMARKS block to provide any additional information of value. 67 B-6 Performance Measures A. Supervise Radiation Monitoring. 1. Determines type of monitoring to be used. 2. Determines location and specific time for readings to be taken and informs operator. 3. Ensures operators have proper equipment and materials. 4. Ensures operators perform PMCS on equipment. 5. Determines the monitoring technique to be used. 6. All readings are taken and recorded. 7. Spot checks operators to ensure proper use of equipment. 8. Ensures operators report readings. 9. Reports collected readings. 10. Monitoring is continued until directed to stop. B. Prepare and Submit NBC 4 Nuclear Reports. 1. Reports the heading information. a. Determines precedence of report. b. Reports date time group of message. c. Reports security classification as directed. d. Reports sending unit (FROM). e. Reports receiving unit designation (TO). f. Reports type of NBC 4 as nuclear. 2. Reports location of reading (grid coordinates) as line QUEBEC. 3. Reports dose rate (in centigray per hour) as line ROMEO. 4. Reports the date time group of reading as line SIERRA. 68 B-6 C. Compute Correlation Factors. 1. Computes correlation factor with the formula OD/ID = CF. 2. Rounds answer to the nearest hundredth. D. Record Data on DA Form 1971-R or 1971-1-R. 1. Fills in block headings. a. The block headings are self-explanatory. b. Lines out any heading not applicable to the situation. 2. Records the location of the reading as universal transverse mercator (UTM) grid coordinates. 3. Records the dose rate in cGyph. 4. Records the date-time that the reading was taken. Records date-time in ZULU time. 5. Enters any additional data that may be of value to the unit NBC defense team. 6. Uses REMARKS block to provide any additional information of value. 69 B-6 This Page Intentionally Left Blank 70 B-6 RADIOLOGICAL MONITOR/SURVEY OPERATIONS PRACTICAL EXERCISE NO. 1 WORKSHEET #1 SCENARIO: You are supervising radiation monitoring in your unit’s area of operation. At this time, periodic monitoring procedures are being followed. 1. When should you have the monitor initiate continuous monitoring? 2. When should you ensure that the monitor uses the direct monitoring technique? 3. When should you ensure that the monitor switches to the indirect technique? 4. What constitutes an unshielded reading? 5. What should the monitors do prior to using the RADIACmeters? 6. Where should the readings be recorded? 7. What should be done with the recorded readings? RESPSONSE: B-13 B-6 RADIOLOGICAL MONITOR/SURVEY OPERATIONS PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET NO. 2 WORKSHEET #1 SCENARIO: You receive the DA Form 1971-R below from your unit monitor. Your mission is to prepare an NBC 4 Report to be forwarded to the NBCC. RADIOLOGICAL DATA SHEET — MONITORING OR POINT TECHNIQUE For use of this form, see FM 3-3-1; proponent of this form is TRADOC SURVEY PARTY OR MONITORING UNIT DESIGNATION RED DRUM MAP 375 I:50,000 USED TENINO LOCATION READING NO 1 2 3 4 5 PA494038 PA494038 PA494038 PA494038 PA494038 DATE PAGE NO. NO. OF PAGES 17 JUN XX I I MONITOR (Print name) PFC TYPE OF VEHICLE OR OTHER SHIELDING TIME DOSE RATE (cGyph) I400Z I4I5Z I440Z I445Z I500Z I 6 20 15 5 DO NOT USE READING NO SMITH INSTRUMENT TYPE IM I74/PD LOCATION TIME 16 17 18 19 20 6 21 Using this DA Form 1971-R, prepare an NBC 4 Nuclear Report (peak). B-14 DOSE RATE (cGyph) DO NOT USE B-6 RADIOLOGICAL MONITOR/SURVEY OPERATIONS PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET NO. 2 WORKSHEET #1 RESPONSE: Description Section II -- Nuclear Only Line Strike Serial Number, if known (assigned by NBCC) Crater Diameter (meters) if known ALPHA KILO Location of Reading (UTM) QUEBEC Dose Rate (cGyph) (the words “Initial,” “Peak,” “Increasing,” or “Decreasing” may be added) ROMEO Date and Time of Reading (Zulu, Local, or Letter Zone) SIERRA Location of Reading (UTM) QUEBEC Dose Rate (cGyph) (the words “Initial,” “Peak,” “Increasing,” or “Decreasing” may be added) ROMEO Date and Time of Reading (Zulu, Local, or Letter Zone) SIERRA Location of Reading (UTM) QUEBEC Dose Rate (cGyph) (the words “Initial,” “Peak,” “Increasing,” or “Decreasing” may be added) ROMEO Date and Time of Reading (Zulu, Local, or Letter Zone) SIERRA Remarks ZULU BRAVO B-15 Data B-6 RADIOLOGICAL MONITOR/SURVEY OPERATIONS PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET NO. 2 WORKSHEET #2 SCENARIO: You are assigned to B Company 4/37th FA and at 0800Z you receive the DA Form 1971-R below from your unit monitor. Your mission is to prepare an NBC 4 Report to be forwarded to the NBCC. RADIOLOGICAL DATA SHEET — MONITORING OR POINT TECHNIQUE For use of this form, see FM 3-3-1; proponent of this form is TRADOC SURVEY PARTY OR MONITORING BLUE SKY 375 I:50,000 TENINO USED READING NO 1 2 3 4 5 PAGE NO. NO. OF PAGES 25 FEB XX I I MONITOR (Print name) PFC TYPE OF VEHICLE OR OTHER SHIELDING UNIT DESIGNATION MAP DATE DO NOT USE READING NO LOCATION TIME DOSE RATE (cGyph) AY5471 38 PA5531 42 PA5571 48 PA5591 51 PA5631 57 0615 Z 0627 Z 0646 Z 0705 Z 0716 Z I9 16 26 17 54 18 45 19 23 20 6 FREEDMAN INSTRUMENT TYPE LOCATION 21 Using this DA Form 1971-R, prepare an NBC 4 Nuclear Report. B-16 TIME AN/VDR2 DOSE RATE (cGyph) DO NOT USE B-6 RADIOLOGICAL MONITOR/SURVEY OPERATIONS PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET NO. 2 WORKSHEET #2 RESPONSE: Description Section II -- Nuclear Only Line Strike Serial Number, if known (assigned by NBCC) Crater Diameter (meters) if known ALPHA KILO Location of Reading (UTM) QUEBEC Dose Rate (cGyph) (the words “Initial,” “Peak,” “Increasing,” or “Decreasing” may be added) ROMEO Date and Time of Reading (Zulu, Local, or Letter Zone) SIERRA Location of Reading (UTM) QUEBEC Dose Rate (cGyph) (the words “Initial,” “Peak,” “Increasing,” or “Decreasing” may be added) ROMEO Date and Time of Reading (Zulu, Local, or Letter Zone) SIERRA Location of Reading (UTM) QUEBEC Dose Rate (cGyph) (the words “Initial,” “Peak,” “Increasing,” or “Decreasing” may be added) ROMEO Date and Time of Reading (Zulu, Local, or Letter Zone) SIERRA Remarks ZULU BRAVO B-17 Data B-6 RADIOLOGICAL MONITOR/SURVEY OPERATIONS PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET NO. 3 WORKSHEET #1 Your unit is conducting periodic monitoring in your area of operation. The soldiers have taken shelter in a bunker while the unit monitor takes indirect readings. The monitor reports an inside reading of 23 cGyph and one outside reading taken two minutes later of 265 cGyph. He records the reading on DA Form 1971-R and gives the report to you so you can calculate the correlation factor. The correlation factor is ______________________. B-18 B-6 RADIOLOGICAL MONITOR/SURVEY OPERATIONS PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET NO. 3 WORKSHEET #2 Calculate the correlation factor for the following: Inside reading: 45 Outside reading: 189 The correlation factor is ______________________. Inside reading: 72 Outside reading: 349 The correlation factor is ______________________. Inside reading: 25 Outside reading: 203 The correlation factor is ______________________. B-19 B-6 RADIOLOGICAL MONITOR/SURVEY OPERATIONS PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET NO. 4 WORKSHEET #1 SCENARIO: You are a member of the 1-77 IN, unit designation OSCAR THREE GOLF. On 14 August XX, at 0600Z, a 10 KT burst was reported at AY683221. Fallout is supposed to arrive at your location at H+5. You are in your HMMWV at AY987562 with one AN/VDR-2 RADIAC set, one IM 93A/UD, a pencil, watch, one TENINO map sheet (1:50,000), and forms. You take the following readings: TIME 1100Z 1115Z 1130Z 1145Z 1200Z 1215Z 1230Z 1245Z 1300Z NOTE: READING 10 13 18 21 24 19 16 11 4 You take an outside reading at 1230Z and receive 85 cGyph. Based on this situation, complete a DA Form 1971-R. B-20 B-6 RADIOLOGICAL MONITOR/SURVEY OPERATIONS PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET NO. 4 WORKSHEET #1 RESPONSE: DATE RADIOLOGICAL DATA SHEET MONITORING OR POINT TECHNIQUE PAGE NO. NO. OF PAGES For use of this form, see FM 3-3-1; the proponent agency is TRADOC. MONITOR (Print Name) SURVEY PARTY OR MONITORNG UNIT DESIGNATION MAP USED READING NO. INSTRUMENT TYPE TYPE OF VEHICLE OR OTHER SHIELDING LOCATION TIME DOSE RATE (cGyph) DO NOT USE* READING NO. 1 16 2 17 3 18 4 19 5 20 6 21 7 22 8 23 9 24 10 25 11 26 12 27 13 28 14 29 15 30 LOCATION TIME DOSE RATE (cGyph) DO NOT USE* REMARKS *DO NOT USE. For control party only. CORRELATION FACTOR DATA LOCATION READING NO. DOSE RATE (cGyph) INSIDE OUTSIDE CF* LOCATION B-21 READING NO. DOSE RATE (cGyph) INSIDE OUTSIDE CF* B-6 RADIOLOGICAL MONITOR/SURVEY OPERATIONS PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET NO. 4 WORKSHEET #2 SCENARIO: You are the NBC NCO for the 37th MI Battalion. On 21 May XX, at 0530Z, a nuclear explosion was reported at NG561834. Fallout is supposed to arrive at your location (rid NG237582)in three hours. At 0825Z you have PFC Sagi begin continuos monitoring of the area because she has received a 1Gyph reading. She is in a M113 APC with an AN/VDR-2 RADIAC set an a Tenino map. The following readings were taken and given to you: TIME 0827Z 0835Z 0842Z 0855Z 0912Z 0925Z 0941Z 0957Z 1010Z NOTE: READING 15 27 33 53 71 85 78 67 56 At 0927Z she took an outside reading and receive 159 cGyph. Based on this situation, complete a DA Form 1971-R. B-22 B-6 RADIOLOGICAL MONITOR/SURVEY OPERATIONS PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET NO. 4 WORKSHEET #2 RESPONSE: DATE RADIOLOGICAL DATA SHEET MONITORING OR POINT TECHNIQUE PAGE NO. NO. OF PAGES For use of this form, see FM 3-3-1; the proponent agency is TRADOC. MONITOR (Print Name) SURVEY PARTY OR MONITORNG UNIT DESIGNATION MAP USED READING NO. INSTRUMENT TYPE TYPE OF VEHICLE OR OTHER SHIELDING LOCATION TIME DOSE RATE (cGyph) DO NOT USE* READING NO. 1 16 2 17 3 18 4 19 5 20 6 21 7 22 8 23 9 24 10 25 11 26 12 27 13 28 14 29 15 30 LOCATION TIME DOSE RATE (cGyph) DO NOT USE* REMARKS *DO NOT USE. For control party only. CORRELATION FACTOR DATA LOCATION READING NO. DOSE RATE (cGyph) INSIDE OUTSIDE CF* LOCATION B-23 READING NO. DOSE RATE (cGyph) INSIDE OUTSIDE CF* B-6 This Page Intentionally Left Blank B-24