Smarr Publishers English for Classical Studies A Student’s Companion to Frankenstein by Robert W. Watson Copyright © Watson Educational Services, Inc., 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, please write Smarr Publishers, 4917 High Falls Road—Suite 201, Jackson, Georgia 30233 or call (678) 774–8374. Any edition of the text is compatible with the study guide. $9.95 IN USA Frankenstein / 1 I Introduction to Frankenstein F anyone were to ask me whether Romanticism has a manifesto, I would say yes without hesitation. The manifesto is found in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Since Shelley herself was at the center of the Romantic movement in England, it is only natural that her ideas should find a place within her book. As a philosophical movement, Romanticism is the reaction to the Rationalism of the 18th century. Whereas Rationalism centers on human reason and logic with an objective view of life, Romanticism appeals to the emotions with a subjective worldview; that is, the only standard is what an individual person believes it to be. The Romantics have a concept of God that is alien to the Bible. According to the thinking of the 19thcentury philosophers, Rationalism destroyed faith in the Bible. Science and the scientific method were thought to have proved the improbability of miracles. Since Christianity is centered on miracles, intellectuals abandoned the faith once delivered unto the saints. Even Charles Darwin successfully challenged the idea of a Creator God and of man’s personal responsibility to the God of the Bible. On the other hand, the Romantics correctly pointed out that man was more than a rational being. Man is a complex, emotional being as well. Nevertheless, a return to the God of the Bible was out of the question. Therefore, the god of the Romantics is a god fashioned after their own thinking. To the Romantics, God is in all good things and one can get close to this god through nature. Indeed, in nature is where one finds salvation. As you read Frankenstein, notice how often nature is instrumental in bringing joy, healing, and refreshment, not only to Victor Frankenstein, but to his monster as well. Another major tenet of Romanticism is that man is basically good. In Frankenstein, the monster repeats several times that he was created with the capacity for good—not evil—and that his soul was noble. However, the monster becomes evil because of his environment and of his ill treatment by society. Romanticism has no place for individual responsibility or for inherent sin. Man learns to be evil, because society teaches him to be evil. However, if this is true, then the Romantics have a dilemma. Since society is made up of human beings, and if these human beings are basically good, then how can a group of “basically-good people” corrupt a single individual to become evil? Obviously, this tenet is illogical. The Bible states that man is evil from the day he is born, independent of education and environment. Other minor points of Romanticism include the exaltation of the common man, the true heroes in life. There is a strong dislike and distrust for science and technology. This enmity with science is a major theme in Frankenstein. Indeed, a clear lesson from Frankenstein is whenever scientific man tries to act like God, he will produce only a monster that will result in mankind’s destruction. Also, because nature is seen as the way to salvation, the Romantics prefer the rural over the city. Generally, bad things happen in the city, while good things happen in the country. Again, as you read Frankenstein, pay close attention to the De Lacey family. This family found evil in Paris, but find love and peace in their country cottage. Lastly, Romantics use many elements to produce terror and horror. Frankenstein has plenty of this. Mary Shelley attempts to make some strong parallels between Frankenstein, the creator of his monster, and God, the Creator of man. Essentially, Shelley is saying that God abandoned the 2 / Frankenstein human race as Frankenstein abandoned his creation. Of course, the God of the Bible does not abandon man; man abandons God. Also, unlike the Creator God, Victor Frankenstein creates a being not in his own image, but a being that is a super-man. The reading of Frankenstein is important today. As you see from this introduction, many of these ideas exist today in United States society. One of the problems in our country is the lack of personal responsibility for one’s actions. This lack has its origin in the belief that man is basically good and if a man does wickedly, it is because of his parents, or his environment, or his education. Never is a person to blame himself for the way he acts. Of course, all of this junk is nonsense. Unlike the monster who claims to have had a good and noble soul to begin with, all human beings are sinners who require a personal savior, a savior who must be created in their image and who died for mankind in order that their souls may be saved. Thank God for the Lord Jesus Christ. One last thing—do not be surprised if this novel is not anything like the “Frankenstein” movies. Frankly, Hollywood seldom gets anything right. This book is very philosophical; so take your time with reading. ROBERT W. WATSON Boris Karloff as the Frankenstein monster Frankenstein / 3 Frankenstein Lesson One 1.1 Vocabulary enervate v. ardent adj. peruse v. ameliorate v. 1.2 Vocabulary Exercise 1. The damage was already done; Tim’s attempt to _________________ the problem by piecing Mother’s best antique vase with super-glue did not appease her wrath. 2. The superior defense of the opposing team __________________ the confidence of our team. 3. This book by William James is difficult; I tried to skim the work, but should have ________ it. 4. I guessed that John was an ________________ fan of the Atlanta Braves, since his room was wall-to-wall with Brave’s pennants. 1.3 Reading assignment: Frankenstein, Preface and Letters 1.4 Recall Questions 1. The author claims in her Preface that she has tried to preserve the truth of the principles of what? 2. The author also attempts to disclaim two possibilities that readers may infer from the novel. What are these two possibilities? [see end of paragraph 3 of the Preface] 3. What is the destination of the expedition of Robert Walton? 4. What is the “wondrous power which attracts the needle”? 5. Even though Walton has little education, for what does he have a fondness? 6. Is Walton’s attempt at being a poet successful? 7. What does Walton desire more that wealth? 8. What is the one want that Walton has not satisfied? 9. To what does Walton attribute his attachment to the mysteries of the sea? 4 / Frankenstein 10. What does Walton observe through his telescope that excites his wonder? 11. What is the man, who was rescued, doing that causes him to travel so far north? 12. What does Walton decide to do while the “guest” relates his tale? 1.5 Critical Thinking Shelley claims that Frankenstein represents no particular philosophy, or worldview. As you read Frankenstein, look for elements espoused by Romanticism. Is Shelley being honest with her claim? Frankenstein / 5 Frankenstein Lesson Two 2.1 Vocabulary pittance n. metaphysical adj. chimerical adj. tyro n. 2.2 Vocabulary Exercise: Circle the word the does not belong with the others on each line. 1. pittance dram pity bit 2. metaphysical esoteric philosophical temporal 3. chimerical climactic illusionary imaginary 4. tyro neophyte professional rookie 2.3 Reading assignment: Frankenstein, chapters 1-3 2.4 Recall Questions 1. How long does it take Victor Frankenstein’s father to find Beaufort? 2. Who becomes the wife of Victor’s father? 3. What is considered more than a duty to Victor’s mother? 4. To whom was Elizabeth Lavenza born? 5. After the birth of a second son, where do the Frankensteins finally reside? 6. Who becomes the close friend of Victor? 7. What studies interests Victor? 8. What does Victor’s father tell him concerning Cornelius Agrippa? 9. During a storm, Victor witnesses an oak tree being destroyed by what? 10. After giving up on the study of metaphysics, what two disciplines does Victor pursue? 11. What university does Victor attend? 6 / Frankenstein 12. What happens to Victor’s mother after she treats the sickness of Elizabeth? 13. What is Caroline’s wish concerning Elizabeth and Victor while on her death-bed? 14. When Victor speaks about “the evil” and “the spoiler,” to what does he refer? 15. What subject does M. Waldman teach at the university? 2. 5 Bonus Thoughts Philippus Aureolus Paracelsus. 1493–1541. A German-Swiss alchemist and physician who introduced the concept of disease to medicine. He held that illness was the result of external agents attacking the body rather than imbalances within the body. Saint Albertus Magnus. Originally his name was Albert, Count von Bollstadt. 1206–1280. A German religious philosopher noted as the teacher of Thomas Aquinas. The Philosopher’s Stone. A substance that is believed to have the ability to change base metals, like lead, into gold. Also called an elixir. Frankenstein / 7 Frankenstein Lesson Three 3.1 Vocabulary procrastinate v. palpitation n. placid adj. salubrious adj. 3.2 Vocabulary Exercise 1. I marvel how Cindy had a ___________________ expression on her face as our house was destroyed by the tornado; I thought she would have fainted. 2. Larry was up all last night trying to complete his paper; he always _______________, always waiting until the last minute to do anything. 3. Walking through the graveyard at night always causes the ______________ of my heart to increase considerably. 4. Apparently, by eating an apple a day, one can enjoy the ___________ quality of keeping the doctor away. 3.3 Reading assignment: Frankenstein, chapters 4-6 3.4 Recall Questions 1. What is the “bold question” that Victor asks himself during the pursuit of his studies? 2. What science does Victor begin to study with observations of death and decay? 3. What secret does Victor discover “after days and nights of incredible labor and fatigue”? 4. What does Victor decide to do with his new power? 5. According to Victor, a study is not befitting the human mind if it does what two things? 6. What is Victor’s reaction to his creation as the inanimate body comes to life? 7. In Victor’s dream, who does Elizabeth become after Victor kisses her? 8. After he leaves his apartment and walks the streets, Victor meets whom? 9. What is Victor’s guest going to do in Ingolstadt? 8 / Frankenstein 10. What happens to Victor after he returns to his apartment with his guest? 11. After his recovery, what does Victor receive from his guest? 12. What profession does Ernest desire to pursue? 13. Who becomes a servant in the Frankenstein household? 14. What causes a renewal of Victor’s nervous symptoms? 15. To what do the professors of Victor attribute to his apparent refusal to talk about his scientific accomplishments? 16. What does Victor now begin to study with Henry? 17. According to Victor, reading oriental literature makes life appear as what? Frankenstein / 9 Frankenstein Lesson Four 4.1 Vocabulary alleviate v. timorous adj. obdurate adj. oblivion n. 4.2 Vocabulary Exercise 1. Look at John over there; his mind appears to be a million miles away and he seems to be in total _____________________. 2. There comes the Cowardly Lion; you would not think that the King of the Jungle would be so ___________, especially toward a mouse. 3. The ice placed upon my swollen ankle helped to ______________ the pain. 4. The __________________, old miser willed all of his money to his dog; apparently, he disliked his relations. 4.3 Reading assignment: Frankenstein, chapters 7-9 4.4 Recall Questions 1. What news does Victor receive about his brother, William? 2. Why does Elizabeth blame herself for what happened to William? 3. Since he is absent from his country for nearly six years, Victor notices a lot of changes. What is the one thing that does not change that also restores his resolve to go to Geneva? 4. Before entering Geneva, where does Victor go to visit? 5. Whom does Victor see as he goes to this place to visit? 6. Why does Victor decide not to reveal his suspicions about the murderer being the monster that he created? 7. What is Caroline Beaufort doing in a picture painted of her? 8. Who is accused of killing William? 9. What evidence is found on the apparel of the accused? 10. Where is Justine during the time when William was murdered? 10 / Frankenstein 11. The character witnesses for Justine refuse to give any testimony. Why? 12. Who finally speaks in Justine’s behalf? 13. Why does Victor state that the tortures of the accused did not equal his torment? 14. What is the “strange and unexpected intelligence” that Victor receives the next day after the trial? 15. Regarding the issue of her innocence, why does Justine lie? 16. What thought consoles Justine in spite of her impending death? 17. Victor states that he started life with what kind of intentions? 18. While on the lake, Victor often contemplates doing what in order to rid him of his guilt? 19. How does Victor cope with his despair? 4.5 Critical Thinking In chapter 7, how does nature act as a comforter to Victor? Frankenstein / 11 Frankenstein Lesson Five 5.1 Vocabulary clemency n. purloin v. pensive adj. enigmatic adj. 5.2 Vocabulary Exercise 1. The vanquished knight did not expect _______________ from his lord against whom he rebelled. 2. My sister always seems to get lost; a map to her is just another _____________ game that can never by solved. 3. Since Beth was sitting on the log in a ______________ mood, I frightened her by merely saying “Howdy.” 4. My _____________ purse was found several days later in a dumpster after being snatched by a thief. 5.3 Reading assignment: Frankenstein, chapters 10-12 5.4 Recall Questions 1. What bids Victor to have peace? 2. According to Victor, man could be nearly free if his wants were limited to only what three things? 3. As he admires the scenery, what comes bounding over the ice towards Victor? 4. What does the monster accuse his creator of doing towards him? 5. Even when life is miserable, what does every living creature try to do? 6. According to the monster, he should have been “Adam” but he has become what? 7. According to the monster, what made him become a “fiend”? 8. Apparently, Victor will have only two options concerning the fate of mankind. What are these two options? 9. Victor states that he felt a duty toward his creature. What duty was this? 10.What sensation does the monster feel that causes him to sit down and weep? 12 / Frankenstein 11.What sounds do the monster try to imitate in the forest? 12.What does the monster discover that was left by some beggars? 13.After being pursued by the angry townspeople, the monster finds a hovel that is connected to a cottage. Why does the monster not enter the cottage? 14.Who lives in the cottage that the monster observes? 15.What was the reason that the boy and the girl do most of the chores while the old man seems to do very little? 16.What does the monster learn to be one of the reasons for the unhappiness of the family? 17.What was the “godlike science” that the monster endeavores to learn? 18.What elevates the spirits of the monster? 5.5 Critical Thinking: Chapter 10 points out an important tenet of Romanticism. How does the monster suggest that he was created good, but his environment made him to become evil? Frankenstein / 13 Frankenstein Lesson Six 6.1 Vocabulary cursory adj. consummation n. emulation n. noisome adj. 6.2 Vocabulary Exercise: Circle the word that does not belong with the others on each line. 1. cursory skimmed perused glanced 2. consummation initiation completion fulfillment 3. emulation counterfeit imitation duplication 4. noisome clamorous harmful foul 6.3 Reading assignment: Frankenstein, chapters 13-15 6.4 Recall Questions 1. What is the name of the young woman who visits the family in the cottage? 2. What is the purpose of her visit? 3. What does the woman do that brings tears to the eyes of the monster? 4. What does the monster do when he learned about the “hapless fate” of [the New World’s] original inhabitants? 5. What two possessions does the monster learn that human beings esteem the most? 6. According to the monster, what is the only cure for pain? 7. What is the name of the father in the cottage? 8. What is the reason for the condemnation of Safie’s father? 9. Who tries to help Safie’s father to escape? 10. What promise does Safie’s father make to Felix if he should help the merchant escape from France? 14 / Frankenstein 11. In what religion was Safie instructed by her mother? 12. When the plot is discovered, what happen to De Lacey and Agatha? 13. What is the punishment of the De Lacey family for their helping the merchant to escape? 14. What three books does the monster find in a portmanteau? 15. What does the monster learn from the imaginations of Werter? 16. What does the monster learn from Plutarch? 17. As he read Paradise Lost, the monster states that he related most to whom? 18. What was the monster hoping to receive from the cottagers whenever he would acquaint them of his admiration for their virtues? 19. His increase in knowledge only allowed the monster to discover more of what about his condition? 20. What two things did the monster believe that he was not totally unworthy of? 21. Why does the monster decide to reveal himself to De Lacey first, without his children near? 22. According to De Lacey, men have hearts of brotherly love and charity if they are unprejudiced by what? Frankenstein / 15 Frankenstein Lesson Seven 7.1 Vocabulary gesticulation n. stupendous adj. undulation n. sedulous adj. 7.2 Vocabulary Exercise 1. The __________________ height of the Rocky Mountains took my breath away and elicited my awe. 2. James earned the name of “The _____________ Fisherman,” because he would sometimes stay in a boat for days until he caught a fish. 3. I figured that the man needed some help because of the wild ________________ of his arms. 4. The constant ________________ of the rocking boat caused me to be very, very sick indeed. 7.3 Reading assignment: Frankenstein, chapters 16-18 7.4 Recall Questions 1. After his rejection by the De Lacey family, the monster vows war against whom? 2. What restores the monster “to some degree of tranquillity”? 3. After much reflection, what does the monster decide to do concerning the De Lacey family? 4. What happens to the De Lacey family? 5. The monster decides to travel to what city? 6. The springtime creates what sort of emotions within the monster? 7. How is the monster “rewarded” for his saving the girl who fell into the river? 8. Who is the boy that the monster kills? 9. Where does the monster find Justine? 10.At the end of the chapter, what does the monster tell Victor to do? 16 / Frankenstein 11.According to the monster, if he is unable to inspire love, what does he wish to create? 12.Where does the monster intend to live if Victor meets his request? 13.According to the monster, what will destroy the cause of his crimes? 14.According to the monster, where do his vices originate? 15.At the beginning of the chapter, what subject does Victor and his father discuss? 16.Why does Victor either need to go to England or to correspond with some philosophers there? 17.Who was expected to accompany Victor to England? 18.According to Victor, where is Henry now? 7.5 Critical Thinking In chapter 17, how does the monster’s statements conflict with the Biblical doctrine of the depravity of man; that is, an innate wickedness? Compare and contrast Victor with the Creator God. 7.6 Bonus Thoughts “Like the arch-fiend, bore a torment within me.” This allusion is to John Milton’s Paradise Lost. Because of his hatred for God, Satan made a hell wherever he went. This was so, because hell was in the mind of Satan, which caused him more torment than the actual flames of hell. Frankenstein / 17 Frankenstein Lesson Eight 8.1 Vocabulary gaunt adj. propagate v. sophism n. paroxysm n. 8.2 Vocabulary Exercise 1. Martha’s sudden ________________ of laughter was most inappropriate at the funeral. 2. The mission of the church has always been to _________________ the Gospel to every nation. 3. Robert was lost in the woods for three days; he looked rather _____________ for not having eaten anything except pinecones and mushrooms. 4. That man is basically good is a ______________ that the Bible easily refutes. 8.3 Reading assignment: Frankenstein, chapters 19-21 8.4 Recall Questions 1. What seals the barrier placed between Victor and the rest of mankind? 2. To what country was Henry planning to visit in order to assist with its colonization and trade? 3. Where does Victor intend to finish his work for the monster? 4. What city remained loyal to Charles I after the rest of England rallied behind the Parliament? 5. Victor states, “This idea pursued me.” To what is he referring? 6. What would Victor do during the evenings after working in his laboratory? 7. While the monster has promised to quit the company of mankind, Victor fears what might be true of the female creature? 8. Victor fears that the union of the monster with his female may accomplish what, which could destroy mankind? 9. What does Victor do to his new creation upon seeing the monster? 18 / Frankenstein 10.According to the monster, who is creator and who is master? 11.Just before the monster leaves, what warning does he give to Victor? 12.Why is Henry unable to delay much longer? 13.Where does Victor hide the remains of his creature? 14.Victor falls asleep in his little boat. A storm drives him to what country? 15.Why is he greeted rudely by the citizens? 16.What do the fishermen find on the shore after putting in for port? 17.Who is the dead man? 18.How does Mr. Kirwin find out a little bit about the background of Victor? 19.Who comes to see Victor? 20.Why does the grand jury reject a bill against Victor? 21.What is the one duty that Victor says remained for him to do? Frankenstein / 19 Frankenstein Lesson Nine 9.1 Vocabulary indefatigable adj. artifice n. obstinate adj. acme n. 9.2 Vocabulary Exercise 1. The teamster was ______________ as he drove the stage coach for four days without rest. 2. The __________________ of the Christian life is to be conformed to the image of Jesus Christ. 3. That was a most ______________ nut on the rusty, old bolt; it took nearly two hours to finally get it loose. 4. The ________________ of the Scarlet Pimpernel vexed the French government for his boldness and ingenuity when rescuing the nobility from the guillotine. 9.3 Reading assignment: Frankenstein, chapters 22-23 9.4 Recall Questions 1. Why does Victor desire to avoid society and the company of other people? 2. Why does Elizabeth write to Victor? 3. Of what saying does the letter remind Victor about the monster? 4. As the day of marriage draws closer, what does Victor think about the threat of the monster and his hopeful happiness with Elizabeth? 5. When does Victor realize the real intentions of the monster concerning his wedding night? 6. According to Victor, the will to live clings closest when life is most what? 7. What does Victor see in the opened window? 8. According to Victor, bodily exercise helps relieve what? 9. How does Victor's father die? 20 / Frankenstein 10. To whom does Victor finally reveal his tale of terror in order that the monster might be pursued and punished? 9.5 Critical Thinking Victor remarks that man will want to preserve his life, even when he hates himself. Is this a true statement? Why or why not? Is the destruction of Elizabeth by the monster more egregious than the destruction of the female monster by Frankenstein? Why or why not? Frankenstein / 21 Frankenstein Lesson Ten 10.1 Vocabulary shade n. gibe n. irksome adj. asseveration n. 10.2 Vocabulary Exercise 1. The ___________, little dog kept nipping at my heels which caused me a great deal of vexation. 2. Poor Karen was the center of many _________________, since her hair turned green from her hair dye. 3. When Jeff entered the room, covered with a white sheet, my visiting aunt had a fright, since she thought this ghostly appearance was a _______________. 4. When the suspect declared his__________________ with passion and humility, it was easy to believe the police had the wrong man. 10.3 Reading assignment: Frankenstein, chapters 24 10.4 Recall Questions 1. Where does Victor present his oath to earth and night? 2. What meets Victor after he gives his oath? 3. When does Victor experience any joy? 4. What does Victor seem to think aided him with food, water and protection during his journey while searching for the monster? 5. Where does the monster occasionally leave messages for Victor? 6. What is Victor's chief food? 7. Why did Victor think that the monster had escaped him, after the monster had taken food from the inhabitants of a cottage? 8. When the monster is only one mile ahead of Victor, what catastrophe happens? 9. Why is Victor surprised to see the ship? 22 / Frankenstein 10. What does Victor ask of Walton concerning the monster? 11. What evidence helps Walton to believe Victor's story? 12. According to Walton, what is the one comfort that Victor has regarding his dreams? 13. In his September 2nd letter, Walton tells his sister that his ship is in what peril? 14. What does the crew of the ship wish Walton to do in case the ship becomes free? 15. What duty does Victor believe took precedence over the happiness of the monster? 16. With his dying words, what does Victor tell Walton to avoid? 17. According to the monster, what was his heart fashioned for? 18. According to the monster, while destroying Victor's hopes, the monster is unable to do what? Frankenstein / 23 Glossary for Frankenstein acme (²k“m¶) n. The highest point, as of perfection alleviate (…-l¶“v¶-³t”) v. To make more bearable ameliorate (…-m¶l“y…-r³t”) v. To make or become better; improve ardent (är“dnt) adj. Expressing or characterized by warmth of feeling; passionate; displaying or characterized by strong enthusiasm or devotion; fervent; burning; fiery; glowing; shining artifice (är“t…-f¹s) n. An artful or crafty expedient; a stratagem; subtle but base deception; trickery; cleverness or skill; ingenuity asseveration (…-sμv“…-r³”sh…n) n. A declaration that is serious; affirmation chimerical (kº-mμr“¹-k…l) adj. Created by or as if by a wildly fanciful imagination; highly improbable; given to unrealistic fantasies; fanciful clemency (klμm“…n-s¶) n. A disposition to show mercy, especially toward an offender or enemy; a merciful, kind, or lenient act consummation (k¼n”s…-m³“sh…n) n. The act of completing; a fulfillment; an ultimate goal or end cursory (kûr“s…-r¶) adj. Performed with haste and scant attention to detail emulation (μm”y…-l³“sh…n) n. Effort or ambition to equal or surpass another; imitation of another enigmatic (μn”¹g-m²t“¹k) adj. Of or resembling an enigma; puzzling enervate (μn“…r-v³t”) v. To weaken or destroy the strength or vitality gaunt (gônt) adj. Thin and bony; angular; emaciated and haggard; drawn; bleak and desolate; barren gesticulation (jμ-st¹k”y…-l³“sh…n) n. The act of gesturing; a deliberate, vigorous motion or gesture gibe (jºb) n. A derisive remark indefatigable (¹n”d¹-f²t“¹-g…-b…l) adj. Incapable or seemingly incapable of being fatigued; tireless irksome (ûrk“s…m) adj. Causing annoyance, weariness, or vexation; tedious metaphysical (mμt”…-f¹z“¹-k…l) adj. Based on speculative or abstract reasoning; highly abstract or theoretical; abstruse; immaterial; incorporeal; supernatural noisome (noi“s…m) adj. Offensive to the point of arousing disgust; foul; harmful or dangerous obdurate (¼b“d‹-r¹t) adj. Hardened in wrongdoing or wickedness; stubbornly impenitent; hardened against feeling; hardhearted; not giving in to persuasion; intractable oblivion (…-bl¹v“¶-…n) n. The condition or quality of being completely forgotten; the act or an instance of forgetting; total forgetfulness obstinate (¼b“st…-n¹t) adj. Stubbornly adhering to an attitude, an opinion, or a course of action; obdurate; difficult to manage, control, or subdue; refractory palpitation (p²l”p¹-t³“sh…n) n. A trembling or shaking; irregular, rapid beating or pulsation of the heart paroxysm (p²r“…k-s¹z”…m) n. A sudden outburst of emotion or action; a spasm or fit; a convulsion pensive (pμn“s¹v) adj. Deeply, often wistfully or dreamily thoughtful; suggestive or expressive of melancholy thoughtfulness peruse (p…-r›z“) v. To read or examine, typically with great care pittance (p¹t“ns) n. A meager monetary allowance, wage, or remuneration; a very small amount placid (pl²s“¹d) adj. Undisturbed by tumult or disorder; calm or quiet; satisfied; complacent 24 / Frankenstein procrastinate (pr½-kr²s“t…-n³t”) v. To put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness; to postpone or delay needlessly propagate (pr¼p“…-g³t”) v. To cause (an organism) to multiply or breed; to breed (offspring); to transmit (characteristics) from one generation to another; spread purloin (p…r-loin“) v. To steal, often in a violation of trust; to commit theft salubrious (s…-l›“br¶-…s) adj. Conducive or favorable to health or well-being sedulous (sμj“…-l…s) adj. Persevering and constant in effort or application; busy shade (sh³d) n. A disembodied spirit; a ghost sophism (s¼f“¹z”…m) n. A plausible but fallacious argument; deceptive or fallacious argumentation stupendous (st›-pμn“d…s) adj. Of astounding force, volume, degree, or excellence; marvelous; amazingly large or great; huge timorous (t¹m“…r-…s) adj. Full of apprehensiveness; timid tyro (tº“r½) n. A beginner in learning something undulation (¾n”j…-l³“sh…n) n. A regular rising and falling or movement to alternating sides; movement in waves; a wavelike form, outline, or appearance Frankenstein Vocabulary Quiz #1—Lessons 1–5 1. ______ As a scientist, Frankenstein was no ___________, because he had studied under the best instructors and researched diligently to gather knowledge about his field. (A) pittance (B) tyro (C) palpitation (D) oblivion (E) clemency 2. ______ Robert Walton first began to dream about sailing the oceans and exploring during his early years when he _______________ accounts of other explorers in the north Pacific. (A) ameliorated (B) enervated (C) perused (D) procrastinated (E) purloined 3. ______ Usually ____________ and happy, the home of the Frankensteins was shakened when the family believed that Justine had murdered William in order to ________ a locket belonging to Elizabeth , thus violating the family’s trust. (A) ardent . . ameliorate (B) gaunt . . enervate (C) chimerical . . peruse (D) irksome . . procrastinate (E) placid . . purloin 4. ______ Robert Walton wanted to learn about the past of Dr. Frankenstein in order to find some way to _______________ his heavy unhappiness. (A) enervate (B) peruse (C) ameliorate (D) procrastinate (E) purloin 5. ______ Victor Frankenstein did not __________ his resolve regarding his self-appointed task to create life, thus being very ____________ in his demanding work. (A) enervate . . ardent (B) peruse . . chimerical (C) ameliorate . . gaunt (D) procrastinate . . irksome (E) purlion . . placid OVER 1 11. ______ Although Franenstein was very ill after making the monster, the salubrious effects of Clerval’s friendship and attention soon restored him to health. 6. ______ Thinking the monster was in the room, he A B earnestly begged Clerval to save him. No error. C D E 7. ______ The word “salubrious” means As he and Clerval walked to the college, A Frankenstein began to fear the monster, B who he had left in his apartment the night C D before, would still be there. No error. E 8. ______ (A) huge. (B) healthful. (C) stubborn. (D) fervent. (E) tedious. 12. ______ Frankenstein receives a letter from Elizabeth in whch she begs him to write to her in order to alleviate her anxiety for him. Waking up from his sleep, the monster was A standing beside the bed and was smiling at B C Frankenstein. No error. D E The infinitive “to alleviate” means (A) to harden. (B) to intently refuse. (C) to make more bearable. (D) to read carefully. (E) to steal. 9. ______ Although him creating life was diligent, A Frankenstein failed to receive gratification B from the long and exacting labors in the end. C D No error. E 13. ______ Though her entreaties were in vain, Elizabeth appealed to the court to show clemency to Justine. The word “clemency” means (A) penalty. (B) sarcasm. (C) imagination. (D) ingenuity. (E) mercy. 10. ______ While looking at Elizabeth, Frankenstein took A great pride in the fact that her beauty, kindness, B and goodness were most unique among the C D women he knew. No error. E CONTINUE TO NEXT PAGE 2 The long trek of following the monster took Frankenstein to the Arctic regions. Finding a ship encased in ice, Frankenstein makes his way onboard and befriends Robert Walton. Recalling how his familys life 14 was ruined by the monster he had created, he tells Walton his story. 15 Having a need to repent of what he has done, Frankenstein finds him telling of the tale to be be therapeutic. As for Walton, the tale 16 fascinated him, and he was not bored of the story at all. Hoping 17 Walton will learn from his story, Frankenstein begins from the beginning of his life as a young man and of his being a student at the university. Having too much knowledge. Obsessed with finding the 18 secret to life, Frankenstein becomes much changed from he whom 19 began his life with so such abundant happiness and promise. Sad and broken, but still gentlemanly and noble, Walton listens carefully as 20 Frankenstein explains why his fate is irrevocable. END 3 14. A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE families families’ family’s 15. A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE Frankenstein tells he told who told 16. A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE with telling his telling of telling 17. A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE bored of it bored with the story bored from the story 18. A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE fragment dangling modifier fused sentence 19. A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE from him who from him whom by him who 20. A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE fragment misplaced modifier fused sentence 4 Frankenstein Vocabulary Quiz #2—Lessons 6–10 1. ______ In his effort to be accepted by the cottagers, the monster applied himself to _______ studies of the language. (A) noisome (B) cursory (C) gaunt (D) obstinate (E) sedulous 2. ______ The monster eventually learned about the misfortunes of the De Laceys, misfortunes which he considered to be ___________, seeing how inoffensive these good people were. (A) noisome (B) stupendous (C) indefatigable (D) obstinate (E) gaunt 3. ______ In a _____________ of rage, the monster begins his vengeance against Frankenstein by murdering William, the youngest brother, and by framing poor Justine for the __________ crime. (A) paroxysm . . noisome (B) undulation . . obstinate (C) artifice . . cursory (D) acme . . sedulous (E) asseveration . . irksome 4. ______ The monster firmly made the ______________ to Frankenstein that he would never harm anyone again if the scientist would create for him a female. (A) artifice (B) sophism (C) asseveration (D) paroxysm (E) emulation 5. ______ Frankenstein remained _____________ in his refusal to complete the female, even after the monster made horrible threats and wild ____________ against him. (A) cursory . . consummations (B) noisome . . emulations (C) irksome . . shades (D) obstinate . . gesticulations (E) indefatigable . . artifices OVER 1 11. ______ Frankenstein refused to make a female for the monster, because he did not want to propagate a breed of vengeful creatures. 6. ______ Believing that he had murdered a man, A the townspeople brought Frankenstein to a B C local magistrate and arrested. No error. D E 7. ______ The infinitive “to propagate” means (A) to examine. (B) to steal. (C) to multiply. (D) to postpone. (E) to refuse. Seeing his friend on who the monster had A wreaked part of his revenge, Frankenstein lost B C control and wept bitterly. No error. D E 8. ______ 12. ______ With the killing of Elizabeth, the acme of sorrow and angry for Frankenstein had reached its limit. The word “acme” means Elizabeth saw Frankenstein’s agonies, and A although not knowing the cause, she did her B C best to alleviate it. No error. D E (A) highest point. (B) derision. (C) pit. (D) declaration. (E) rage. 13. ______ Because Victor had always been healthy and robust, Elizabeth become genuinely concerned about his gaunt appearance. 9. ______ After the wedding ceremony, Frankenstein and A Elizabeth planned on staying at Villa Lavenza, B a quiet place in the country, a place where C Victor could ease his mind. No error. D E The word “gaunt” means (A) puzzling. (B) thoughtful. (C) calm. (D) haggard. (E) timid. 10. ______ The feelings of tenderness that Frankenstein A held in his heart for his beloved Elizabeth was B C strong in spite of his unhappiness. No error. D E CONTINUE TO NEXT PAGE 2 Now refreshed by his stay with Walton, Frankenstein announces that he must continue his pursuit of the monster. After hearing all of Frankensteins story, Walton says the account is “the 14 14. A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE Frankenstein’s story Frankensteins’ story Frankenstein story’s strangest tale that ever imagination formed.” Even though he knew Frankenstein for only a short while, Walton dreads to think of losing a friend who he has learned to love and admire, 15 15. A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE who Walton whose Walton whom he a friend with whom to empathize and to converse. In spite of the 16 16. A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE misplaced modifier fused sentence fragment entreaties put forth by Walton, Frankenstein steadfastly refuse 17 17. A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE to refuse refusing refuses 18. A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE their they’re those 19. A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE hardly wouldn’t hardly would would hardly not 20. A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE they’re his whose the explorer’s attempts to reclaim and encourage him. Indeed, Frankenstein explains to Walton that no new human bond will ever replace them relationships so cruelly taken away from him. 18 Nevertheless, Frankenstein hardly would not have the will to 19 live were it not for his desire for revenge against the monster. Yet, Frankenstein dies before he can leave. Much to Walton’s surprise, the monster appears onboard the vessel shortly after Frankenstein had died. The monster assures Walton that he will no longer harm anyone else, because their death would be 20 unnecessary to complete his purposes. END 3 4 Answer Keys to Frankenstein Vocabulary Exercise, Lesson 1 1. ameliorate 2. enervate 3. perused 4. ardent Lesson 1 1. Shelley claims that she preserved the principles of human nature. 2. The characters’ opinions are not necessarily those of hers and that the novel does not teach any philosophical doctrine. 3. The destination is the North Pole. 4. The wondrous power is the magnetic field. 5. Walton had a fondness for reading. 6. No, Walton failed as a poet. 7. Walton desires glory more than wealth. 8. Walton had no friend. 9. Walton’s attachment to the sea is the result of the reading of “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” (or poetry). 10. Walton sees a gigantic man on a dog sled. 11. The man was chasing the gigantic man. 12. Walton would make notes of the conversation with the man. Vocabulary Exercise, Lesson 2 1. Pity 2. Temporal 3. Climactic 4. Professional Lesson 2 1. The father took ten months to find Beaufort. 2. Caroline became the wife of Victor’s father. 3. Victor’s mother believed that helping the poor was more than a duty. 4. Elizabeth was the daughter of a Milanese nobleman. 5. The Frankensteins become residents of Geneva, Switzerland. 6. Henry Clerval becomes the close friend of Victor. 7. Victor is interested in philosophy (metaphysics). 8. Victor’s father states that Agrippa’s ideas were outdated and not worthy of serious study. 9. Victor watches a lightening bolt destroy a tree. 10. Victor pursues mathematics and science. 11. Victor attends Ingolstadt. 12. Victor’s mother gets ill and dies. 13. Caroline’s wish is for Victor and Elizabeth to be united in marriage. 14. The evil and the spoiler is Chance. 15. M. Waldman taught chemistry at the university. 1 Vocabulary Exercise, Lesson 3 1. placid 2. procrastinates 3. palpitation 4. salubrious Lesson 3 1. The bold question was from whence did the principle of life proceed. 2. Victor begins to study Anatomy. 3. Victor discovers the cause of generation and life and the giving of life. 4. With his new power, Victor decides to create a human being. 5. The study should not weaken one’s affections or destroy one's taste for simple pleasures. 6. Victor is horrified at the sight of his creation. 7. Elizabeth becomes the corpse of his dead mother. 8. Victor meets Henry Clerval. 9. Victor’s guest was going to study at the college. 10. Victor becomes very ill. 11. Victor receives a letter from Elizabeth. 12. Ernest desires to pursue a career in the military. 13. Justine becomes a servant in the household. 14. The sight of a chemical instrument causes Victor to become nervous. 15. The professors believe that Victor is possessed with modesty. 16. Victor now studies oriental languages with Henry. 17. Life appears to consist of a warm sun and a garden of roses. Vocabulary Exercise, Lesson 4 1. oblivion 2. timorous 3. alleviate 4. obdurate Lesson 4 1. William is dead. 2. William was wearing a valuable miniature of his mother that Elizabeth gave to him, and the picture was missing. 3. The mountains did not change. 4. Victor visits the place where William was murdered. 5. Victor sees the monster. 6. Victor thinks that no one would believe his story. 7. Caroline is kneeling by the coffin of her dead father. 8. Justine is accused of killing William. 9. The evidence was the picture of Caroline in the pocket of Justine's clothing. 10. Justine passed the night in the home of her aunt in Chene. 11. The witnesses were afraid and hated the crime, which she was accused. 12. Elizabeth speaks in behalf of Justin. 2 13. Victor believed that Justine was protected by innocence and that he was haunted by remorse. 14. Justine confessed to the crime. 15. Justine wanted to obtain absolution of her sins from the church. 16. Justine was consoled by knowing that she would soon see William in heaven. 17. Victor started life with benevolent intentions. 18. Victor copes with his despair by taking a journey to the mountains. Vocabulary Exercise, Lesson 5 1. clemency 2. enigmatic 3. pensive 4. purloined Lesson 5 1. The mountains, the woods, and the eagle bid Victor to have peace. 2. Man would be free if his wants were limited to hunger, thirst, and desire. 3. The monster meets Frankenstein. 4. Victor is accused of abhorring the monster. 5. Every creature will protect his life in order to live. 6. The monster has become the fallen angel (Satan). 7. Misery caused the monster to become what he is. 8. Victor can listen to the tale and have the monster leave mankind alone, or he can refuse to listen and the monster will destroy mankind. 9. The duty was to try to make the monster happy. 10. The sensation is Pain. 11. The monsters tries to imitate the sounds of the birds. 12. The monster discovers a fire. 13. The monster remembered his bad experiences when entering other cottages. 14. An old man, a young woman, and young man lived in the cottage. 15. The old man was blind. 16. Poverty was one of the reasons for the family’s unhappiness. 17. The “godlike science” was speech. 18. The arrival of spring elevated the spirits of the monster. Vocabulary Exercise, Lesson 6 1. perused 2. initiation 3. counterfeit 4. clamorous Lesson 6 1. The young lady’s name is Safie. 2. Safie’s purpose was to learn the cottagers’ language. 3. Safie’s singing brings tears to the monster’s eyes. 4. The monster weeps when he learns about the treatment of the Indians. 3 5. Human esteemed a good name and riches the most. 6. The only cure for pain is death. 7. The father’s name is De Lacey. 8. The reason for Safie’s father’s condemnation was for his religion and his wealth. 9. Felix tried to help Safie’s father to escape. 10. Felix would be permitted to marry Safie. 11. Safie’s mother instructed the girl in Christianity. 12. The De Laceys and Agatha were put in prison. 13. The De Laceys were deprived of their fortune and exiled. 14. The three books are Paradise Lost, Lives, and Sorrows of Werter. 15. From Werter, the monster learns despondency and gloom. 16. From Plutarch, the monster learns high thoughts. 17. The monster identifies himself with Satan. 18. The monster was hoping for protection and kindness. 19. The monster only learns how wretched he really was. 20. The monster believed that he was not unworthy of kindness and sympathy. 21. Since De Lacey was blind, he would not be prejudiced by the looks of the monster. 22. Men will have hearts of brotherly love and charity if they are not prejudiced by self-interest. Vocabulary Exercise, Lesson 7 1. stupendous 2. sedulous 3. gesticulation 4. undulation Lesson 7 1. The monster vows war on the species of man. 2. Sunshine and pure air restore the monster to tranquillity. 3. The monster resolved to return to the cottage and to try to reveal himself more carefully. 4. The De Laceys left the cottage and moved away. 5. The monster decides to go to Geneva. 6. The springtime created the emotions of gentleness and pleasure within the monster. 7. The monster was shot. 8. The monster kills William. 9. The monster finds Justin sleeping in a barn. 10. Victor must create him a female 11. The monster wishes to create fear. 12. The monster intends to live in South America. 13. The love of another being will destroy the monster’s crimes. 14. The monster’s vices begin with forced solitude. 15. Victor discusses his future marriage to Elizabeth with his father. 16. Victor needed to learn more about his endeavor to create a female. 17. Henry Clerval was to accompany Victor to England. 18. Henry only exists as a spirit that visits Victor. 4 Vocabulary Exercise, Lesson 8 1. paroxysm 2. propagate 3. gaunt 4. sophism Lesson 8 1. The barrier was the blood of William and Justine. 2. Henry intended to go to India in order to help the economy of that country. 3. Victor intends to go to Scotland 4. Oxford remained loyal to Charles I during the civil war. 5. Victor thought the monster would stay in Switzerland and kill his other relations. 6. Victor walked along the beach. 7. The female would not agree with the monster. 8. The two monsters would create offspring of their own. 9. Victor destroyed the female. 10. Victor is the creator, but the monster is the master. 11. He will be present on his wedding night 12. Henry had business with his Indian enterprise. 13. Victor dropped the remains into the sea. 14. Victor is set adrift to Ireland. 15. Victor was believed to have been a murderer. 16. The fishermen found a body on the shore. 17. The dead man was Henry Clerval. 18. Mr. Kirwin examined the papers and letters in Victor’s pocket. 19. Victor is visited by his father. 20. Victor was in a different location when Henry’s body was discovered. 21. Victor was to meet the monster on his wedding night. Vocabulary Exercise, Lesson 9 1. indefatigable 2. acme 3. obstinate 4. artifice Lesson 9 1. Victor knew that he was responsible for loosing a monster in the midst of mankind. 2. Elizabeth wanted to know whether Victor loved another woman. 3. The saying reminded Victor that the monster will see him on his wedding night. 4. Victor believed the threat to be illusionary and that he would experience at last certain happiness. 5. Victor realized the real intentions of the monster, when he hears Elizabeth’s scream. 6. Man clings to life when life is most hated. 7. Victor sees the monster in the window. 8. Bodily exercise helps to relieve mental torment. 5 9. The news about Elizabeth weakened Victor’s father until he died. 10. Victor confesses to the magistrate about the creation of the monster. Vocabulary Exercise, Lesson 10 1. irksome 2. gibes 3. shade 4. asseveration Lesson 10 1. Victor presents his oath at the cemetery where his father, Elizabeth, and William were buried. 2. The monster meets Victor after he gives his oath. 3. Victor experiences joy whenever he slept. 4. Victor believes that he is protected by the spirits of earth and night. 5. The monster would leave messages on trees or rocks. 6. Victor’s chief food was fish. 7. The monster went in a direction that would have meant certain death. 8. The ice breaks beneath the monster and Victor. 9. Victor did not think that ships came so far north. 10. Victor asks Walton to kill the monster. 11. The evidence consist of letters for Felix and Safie and his actually seeing the monster for himself. 12. Victor believes that he talks with his friends. 13. The ship is enclosed by mountains of ice. 14. The crew members want to abandoned the expedition and to go back southward. 15. Victor believed that he had a duty to his own species, mankind. 16. Victor tells Walton to avoid ambition. 17. The monster stated that his heart was fashioned for love and sympathy. 18. The monster was unable to fulfill his desires. 6 Frankenstein Quiz #1 1. B 2. C 3. E 4. C 5. A 6. B (indefinite subj.) 7. C (pron. case) 8. A (misplaced mod.) 9. A (pron. case) 10. D (incorrect idiom) 11. B 12. C 13. E 14. D (mechanics) 15. B (indefinite subj.) 16. C (pron. case) 17. C (incorrect idiom) 18. B 19. B (pron. case) 20. C Frankenstein Quiz #2 1. E 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. D (imprecise) 7. A (pron. case) 8. D (number error) 9. B (incorrect idiom) 10. C (S-V agreement) 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B (mechanics) 15. D (pron. case) 16. A 17. D S-V agreement 18. D (pron. case) 19. C (double negative) 20. C (pron. agreement) 7 8