Lecture Notes
A PowerPoint Presentation
Classroom Activity to
Accompany Medical
Terminology Systems,
Seventh Edition
Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding
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Body Structure
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BODY STRUCTURE
Levels of Organization
•Cell
•Cell membrane and cytoplasm
•Nucleus
•Tissue
•Organ
•System
•Organism
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BODY STRUCTURE
Body Planes
• Midsagittal (median) plane
• Coronal (frontal) plane
• Transverse (horizontal) plane
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BODY STRUCTURE
Body Cavities
•Dorsal (posterior)
•Cranial
•Spinal
•Ventral (anterior)
•Thoracic
•Abdominal
•Pelvic
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4
BODY STRUCTURE
Body Cavities Exercise
1. What is another term for dorsal?
2. What is another term for ventral?
3. Name the two dorsal cavities.
4. Name the ventral cavities.
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BODY STRUCTURE
Body Cavities Exercise
1. What is another term for dorsal?
It is also called posterior.
2. What is another term for ventral?
It is also called anterior.
3. Name the two dorsal cavities.
cranial and spinal
4. Name the ventral cavities.
Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic, or thoracic
and abdominopelvic
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BODY STRUCTURE
Quadrants
•Abdominopelvic cavity
•Divides into four
quadrants by two
imaginary lines that cross
at the umbilicus of the
body
•One horizontal line
•One vertical line
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BODY STRUCTURE
Quadrants (continued)
•Four divisions providing reference points
•Used to describe the location of abdominopelvic
organs
•Used for clinical examination, reporting, and
charting
•Location of abdominal pain
•Location of surgical procedures, such as incision sites
•Location of tumors
•Patient assessments
•Operative and physical examinations
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BODY STRUCTURE
Quadrants Exercise
Define the following abbreviations:
1.RUQ:
2.LUQ:
3.RLQ:
4.LLQ:
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BODY STRUCTURE
Quadrants Exercise
1. RUQ: right upper quadrant
2. LUQ: left upper quadrant
3. RLQ: right lower quadrant
4. LLQ: left lower quadrant
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BODY STRUCTURE
Abdominopelvic Regions
•Nine regions correspond to a
specific body area
•Right and left hypochondriac
•Epigastric
•Right and left lumbar
•Umbilical
•Right and left inguinal (iliac)
•Hypogastric
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BODY STRUCTURE
Combining Forms Exercise
List the CFs for cellular
structures:
1. cell:
2. nucleus:
3. tissue:
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BODY STRUCTURE
Combining Forms Exercise
1. cell: cyt/o
2. nucleus: kary/o, nucle/o
3. tissue: hist/o
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BODY STRUCTURE
Combining Forms Exercise
List the CFs for position and direction:
4. anterior, front:
5. middle:
6. lower, below:
7. side, to one side:
8. back (of body),
behind, posterior:
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BODY STRUCTURE
Combining Forms Exercise
4. anterior, front: anter/o
5. middle: medi/o
6. lower, below: infer/o
7. side, to one side: later/o
8. back (of body),
behind, posterior: dors/o, poster/o
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BODY STRUCTURE
Combining Forms Exercise
List the CFs for regions of the body:
9. stomach:
10. chest:
11. cranium (skull):
12. pelvis:
13. abdomen:
14. loins (lower back):
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BODY STRUCTURE
Combining Forms Exercise
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
stomach: gastr/o
chest: thorac/o
cranium (skull): crani/o
pelvis: pelv/i, pelv/o
abdomen: abdomin/o
lower back (loins): lumb/o
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BODY STRUCTURE
Combining Forms Exercise
List the CFs for color:
15. red:
16. white:
17. black:
18. blue:
19. yellow:
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BODY STRUCTURE
Combining Forms Exercise
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
red: erythr/o
white: albin/o, leuk/o
black: melan/o
blue: cyan/o
yellow: cirrh/o, jaund/o, xanth/o
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BODY STRUCTURE
Combining Forms Exercise
List other CFs:
20. dry:
21. extremity:
22. internal organs:
23. disease:
24. unknown, peculiar:
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BODY STRUCTURE
Combining Forms Exercise
List other CFs:
20. dry: xer/o
21. extremity: acr/o
22. internal organs: viscer/o
23. disease: path/o
24. unknown, peculiar: eti/o
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BODY STRUCTURE
Complete the Medical Word Exercise
1. destruction of white cells:
/o/
2. pertaining to the coccyx:
/eal
3. resembling red:
/o/lysis
/oid
4. tumor of black (cells):
/
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BODY STRUCTURE
Complete the Medical Word Exercise
1.destruction of white cells: leuk/o/cyt/o/lysis
2.pertaining to the coccyx: coccyg/eal
3.resembling red: erythr/oid
4.tumor of black (cells): melan/oma
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BODY STRUCTURE
Complete the Medical Word Exercise
5.pertaining to the neck:
/al
6.abnormal condition of yellow(ness):
/osis
7.abnormal condition of blue(ness):
/
8.pertaining to the (vertebrae of the) lower back
(loins):
/ar
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BODY STRUCTURE
Complete the Medical Word Exercise
5.pertaining to the neck: cervic/al
6.abnormal condition of yellow(ness): cirrh/osis
7.abnormal condition of blue(ness): cyan/osis
8.pertaining to the (vertebrae of the) loins:
lumb/ar
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BODY STRUCTURE
Complete the Medical Word Exercise
9. pertaining to a disease of unkown (origin):
/o/
/ic
10. pertaining to the body:
/ic
11. specialist in the study of diseases:
/o/
12. pertaining to the internal organs:
/al
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BODY STRUCTURE
Complete the Medical Word Exercise
9. pertaining to a disease of unkown (origin):
idi/o/path/ic
10. pertaining to the body: somat/ic
11. specialist in the study of diseases:
path/o/logist
12. pertaining to the internal organs: viscer/al
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BODY STRUCTURE
Build a Medical Word Exercise
1. white cell:
2. pain in the stomach:
3. instrument to measure the cranium (skull):
4. enlargement of internal organs:
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BODY STRUCTURE
Build a Medical Word Exercise
1.white cell: leuk/o/cyte
2.pain in the stomach: gastr/algia,
gastr/o/dynia
3.instrument to measure the cranium (skull):
crani/o/meter
4.enlargement of internal organs:
viscer/o/megaly
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BODY STRUCTURE
Build a Medical Word Exercise
5. incision of the chest:
6. study of tissues:
7. record of an x-ray:
8. pertaining to a deficient color:
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BODY STRUCTURE
Build a Medical Word Exercise
5.incision of the chest: thorac/o/tomy
6.study of tissues: hist/o/logy
7.record of an x-ray: radi/o/gram
8.pertaining to a deficient color: hypo/chrom/ic
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BODY STRUCTURE
Diseases and Conditions
Disease
•Pathological (morbid) condition that presents a
group of signs, symptoms, and clinical findings
•Disrupts homeostasis (state of equilibrium
within internal environment of the body),
including:
•temperature
•hydration (fluid volume)
•acidity and salts (electrolytes)
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BODY STRUCTURE
Diseases and Conditions (continued)
Disease
(continued)
•Sign
•Objective indicator of disease
•Example: rash, swelling, lump
•Illustration: Rash and swelling
•Symptom
•Subjective indicator of disease
•Example: dizziness, nausea,
pain
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BODY STRUCTURE
Diseases and Conditions (continued)
Disease
(continued)
•Cause
•Metabolic (diabetes)
•Infectious (influenza)
•Congenital (cleft palate)
•Hereditary (hemophilia)
•Neoplastic (cancer)
•Environmental (trauma, burns)
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BODY STRUCTURE
Vocabulary Challenge Exercise
1. adhesion: abnormal fibrous band binding
tissues that are normally separated
2. inflammation: body defense against injury
and disease that limits the spread of injury
and aids in healing; characterized by
redness, heat, swelling, and pain
3. febrile: feverish, pertaining to a fever
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BODY STRUCTURE
Vocabulary Challenge Exercise
4. morbid:
5. sepsis:
6. suppurative:
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BODY STRUCTURE
Vocabulary Challenge Exercise
4. morbid: diseased; unhealthy
5. sepsis: presence of pathogens in blood or
other tissues
6. suppurative: producing or pertaining to the
generation of pus
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BODY STRUCTURE
Medical and Surgical Procedures
(continued)
Anastomosis
•Surgical joining of two
ducts, vessels, or bowel
segments to allow the
flow from one to the
other
•Illustration: (A) end-toend, (B) end-to-side,
and (C) side-to-side
anastomoses.
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BODY STRUCTURE
Medical and Surgical Procedures
(continued)
Biopsy
•Removal of
representative sample
for evaluation
•Sample of tissue, blood,
or body fluid (as in bone
marrow, shown in
illustration)
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BODY STRUCTURE
Complete the Medical Word Exercise
8. study of blood: hemat/o/
9. instrument for measuring heat:
therm/o/
10. specialist in the study of x-rays:
/o/
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BODY STRUCTURE
Complete the Medical Word Exercise
8. study of blood: hemat/o/logy
9. instrument for measuring heat:
therm/o/meter
10. specialist in the study of x-rays:
radi/o/logist
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