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Assessment
Chapter 3
Assessment
Practicing the Vocabulary
1. federalism
2. electoral college
3. constitutionalism
4. judicial review
5. checks and balances
6. federalism
7. articles
8. Bill of Rights
9. formal amendment
10. rule of law
Reviewing Main Ideas
Section 1
11. It begins with a short introduction
called the Preamble. The rest of the
document is divided into seven numbered sections, called articles, that
outline the organization and powers
of each branch of government, the
role of the States, and the amendment
and ratification processes.
12. Popular sovereignty, limited government, checks and balances, separation of powers, judicial review,
and federalism.
13. (a) Popular sovereignty holds
that the people are the source of all
government power, and limited government implies that the government
can do only those things that the
people have given it the power to
do. (b) Because the Framers wanted
to create a government that, by limiting its powers, could not become
tyrannical.
14. The purpose of checks and balances is to prevent one branch of
government from having too much
power over the other branches.
15. (a) Judges may overturn a law
when they decide that it is unconstitutional. (b) Presidents may veto
legislation and call special sessions.
Political Dictionary
Preamble (p. 65)
judicial review (p. 69)
informal amendment (p. 79)
articles (p. 65)
constitutionalism (p. 65)
rule of law (p. 66)
unconstitutional (p. 69)
federalism (p. 70)
amendment (p. 72)
executive agreement (p. 80)
treaty (p. 80)
electoral college (p. 81)
separation of powers (p. 66)
checks and balances (p. 67)
veto (p. 67)
formal amendment (p. 73)
Bill of Rights (p. 76)
Cabinet (p. 81)
senatorial courtesy (p. 81)
Practicing the Vocabulary
Matching Choose a term from the list above that best matches
Fill in the Blank Choose a term from the list above that best
each description.
1. A governmental system in which the powers of government
are divided on a geographic basis
2. The group that makes the formal selection of the nation’s
President
3. The idea that government must conduct itself in accordance
with the principles of the Constitution
4. The power of courts to determine the constitutionality of a
law or other governmental action
5. A system by which one branch of government can be
restrained by one or both of the other branches
completes each sentence below.
6. Under the principle of ________________ , the Federal
Government has three equal branches.
7. The Constitution is divided into seven major sections, called
_____________.
8. The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution
are known as the ________________.
9. ________________ results in changes to the written words
of the Constitution.
10. The principle of ________________ states that government
must be bound by a fundamental law.
Reviewing Main Ideas
Section 1
11. How is the text of the Constitution organized?
12. What are the six basic principles of the Constitution?
13. (a) How are popular sovereignty and limited government
related? (b) Why were these principles important to the
Framers of the Constitution?
14. What is the purpose of checks and balances?
15. (a) How can the judicial branch check the legislative branch?
(b) How can the executive branch check the legislative
branch?
Section 2
16. How many amendments have been formally added to
the Constitution?
17. (a) What has been the most common method for adding an
amendment to the Constitution? (b) Which method has been
used only once?
18. How does the formal amendment process reflect federalism?
19. (a) Which amendment required the longest amount of time to
ratify? (b) How long did it take?
20. What event led to the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments?
Section 3
21. By what five ways has the Constitution been changed other
than by formal amendment?
22. How has Congress contributed to the process of constitutional
change and development?
23. Cite two examples of the exercise of presidential power that
illustrate the process of constitutional change by other than
formal amendment.
24. How does the presidential nominating process illustrate the
process of constitutional change and development?
25. What is the role of custom in government?
Section 2
16. Twenty-seven amendments have
been added to the Constitution.
17. (a) The most common method
has been for the amendment to be
proposed by a two-thirds vote in
each house of Congress and ratified
by three fourths of the State legislatures. (b) Proposal by Congress with
ratification by three fourths of State
legislatures.
18. It emphasizes the federal character
of the governmental system, as proposal takes place at the national level
and ratification at the State level.
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19. (a) the 27th amendment
(b) nearly 203 years
20. The Civil War.
Section 3
21. Passage of basic legislation
by Congress, actions taken by
the President, key decisions of
the Supreme Court, activities of
political parties, and custom.
22. By passing laws that elaborate on the brief provisions of
the Constitution and by passing
laws that expand congressional
power.
23. Through informal change,
Presidents have gained the
authority to use the armed
forces without congressional
declaration of war and to use
executive agreement in place of
formal treaties.
24. Although neither the Constitution nor any law provides for
the nomination of presidential
candidates, political parties have
adopted that function. Thus,
political parties have, in effect,
altered or added to the original
intent of the document.
25. Customs have served as
important guidelines in areas in
which the Constitution is not
explicit.
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Critical Thinking Skills
26. Face the Issues John Adams spoke in favor of “arms in
the hands of citizens, to be used at individual discretion . . . in
private self-defense.” (a) Which side of the gun control
debate is more likely to cite this quote? (b) How might individuals on the other side respond?
27. Drawing Conclusions The Preamble to the Constitution
begins with the words “We the People.” (a) Was every person
living in the United States in 1789 included in that collective
“We”? (b) Which, if any, of the 27 amendments to the
Constitution corrected that situation?
28. Demonstrating Reasoned Judgment James
Madison defended the concepts of separation of powers and
checks and balances in The Federalist No. 51. What did he
mean when he wrote that, to guard against a concentration of
power in one of the branches of government, “ambition must
be made to counteract ambition”?
29. Testing Conclusions The text says that the United States
Constitution is a flexible document. Find evidence from the
text that you believe supports that conclusion.
Analyzing Political Cartoons
Using your knowledge of American government and this cartoon,
answer the questions below.
03CAp0176
You Can Make a Difference
The 26th Amendment makes it possible for any citizen
who is at least 18 to vote. Only a comparatively few
young people actually do vote, however. In fact, less
than 40 percent of 18–20 year-olds voted in the last
presidential election. Construct a survey in which you
ask your fellow students such questions as: Are you
(or do you intend to become) a registered voter? Why
do you think most young people do not vote today?
What should be done to attract them to the polls?
Publicize the results of your survey in your school’s
newspaper or elsewhere.
Participation Activities
32. Current Events Watch The Constitution gives the
President the power to appoint all federal judges. However, it
also gives the Senate the power to confirm or reject those
appointments by majority vote. Research the recent appointment of a federal judge and write a brief report on his or her
background and how senators from the opposing party
responded to the President’s nomination.
33. Time Line Activity Create a time line of the Equal Rights
Amendment, beginning with its proposal in 1972 and ending
with its failure to be ratified ten years later. List the number of
States that voted to ratify it each year and include the threeyear extension to the time limit passed in 1979. Compare this
time line to the table on page 76. What does your time line
tell you about the ratification process? Do you think the tenyear time limit was fair? Explain your answer.
34. It’s Your Turn You are a newspaper editor in the late
1700s. Alexander Hamilton has just referred to democracy
as “mobocracy.” Write an editorial in response to Hamilton’s
view. Define the position that you want to take in the editorial. Next, list your arguments. As you revise your editorial,
make certain that your arguments are persuasive. Finally,
proofread and make a final copy.
Progress Monitoring Online
For: Chapter 3 Self-Test Visit: PHSchool.com
Web Code: mqa-1034
30. What point is the cartoonist trying to make about the ease or
difficulty of proposing constitutional amendments?
31. Based on your reading, do you agree or disagree with the
cartoonist’s opinion? Explain your answer.
As a final review, take the Magruder’s Chapter 3 Self-Test
and receive immediate feedback on your answers.
The test consists of 20 multiple-choice questions designed
to test your understanding of the chapter content.
Point-of-Use Resources
PHSchool.com
Additional support materials and activities for Chapter 3
of Magruder’s American Government can be found in the
Social Studies area at the Prentice Hall School Web site.
PHSchool.com
Guide to the Essentials of
American Government Chapter 3
Test, page 27 provides multiplechoice questions to test students’
knowledge of the chapter.
Critical Thinking Skills
26. (a) supporters of gun ownership
rights (b) Supporters of gun control
might argue that John Adams’ opinion is only one factor among many,
including the opinions of other early
Americans, court interpretations of
the 2nd Amendment over time, and
changes in the need for self-defense
since the 1700s.
27. (a) The collective “We” did not
include African Americans, women,
and Native Americans as full and
equal citizens. (b) The 13th, 14th,
15th, 19th, and 24th amendments
applied expressly to either women
or minorities.
28. Students’ responses should
include the concept that the three
branches of government, each in
pursuit of its own advantage, would
prevent excess of the other; i.e., the
strength of the federal system is in
keeping any one branch from getting
the upper hand for long.
29. Answers will vary, but should
discuss the amendment process.
Analyzing Political Cartoons
30. Possible answer: The cartoonist
is suggesting that it is, or should be,
as simple as posting a letter.
31. Answers will vary, but should
suggest that the amendment process
is quite complex.
You Can Make a Difference
Students should poll a reasonable
number of students and present their
findings in a clear and informative
manner.
Participation Activities
32. Reports should be supported
with specific facts and quotes where
applicable.
33. Time lines should include all relevant events surrounding the Equal
Rights Amendment. Answers will
vary but should be supported with
factual information.
34. Editorials will vary, but should
address issues relevant to the AntiFederalist position, and should be
persuasive.
ExamView ®Test Bank CD-ROM
Chapter 3 Test
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