Developed by Stonegate Advisors, LLC – July 2010 D CONTENT The 6 Elements of Product Value by Marc E. Pierce The 6 Elements of Product Value 1. Introduction 2. Elements of Product Value 3. Benefit Design 4. Network / Quality 5. Service Experience 6. Operating Model 7. Distribution 8. Brand 9. Differentiating through Product Value 10. Parameters of Customer Value 11. Bridging Product with Customer Needs 12. Individual Segment 13. Conclusion The four Ps of marketing, commonly referred to as the marketing mix and applicable across most industries, define the unique combination of product, price, promotion, and place needed to create value for and generate a positive response from a select target market. However, organizations within the health insurance industry should consider other key elements. The Six Elements of Product Value provide health insurers an approach to creating a differentiated product portfolio needed to achieve competitive distinction and maintain sustainability. By matching these elements with the needs of the customer, an insurer can drive greater customer acquisition and retention. Introduction Since its inception in the 1960s, marketers have been deploying the principles of the 4 Ps of marketing – Product, Price, Place and Promotion to design their strategies (see figure 1). The marketing mix elements are used to tailor a product offering to a unique customer segment. While used successfully across many product focused industries such as manufacturing, consumer packaged goods, and retail, the 4Ps are insufficient in addressing the various complexities within the health insurance industry. As such, Stonegate Strategic Advisors offer a more tailored approach to health insurance solutions, the 6 Elements of Product Value: Benefit Design, Network/Quality, Service Experience, Operating Model, Distribution, and Brand. The 6 elements of product value are an adaptation of the 4 Ps of marketing. Five years ago, an individual or family seeking health insurance would look for a simple plan covering two essential components – benefits and provider network. For example, an individual from Pennsylvania would buy Aetna's PPO40 plan which offered affordable premiums with moderately high co-pays and wide network coverage. Plan benefits and provider networks were the lynchpins of product design and served as the key drivers in the consumer decision-making process. Figure 1: The 4 Ps of Marketing (The Marketing Mix) Product Price Target Market Place Promotion Health insurers emphasized benefit design and network depth and breadth, with minimal regard to customer experience, transparency of network quality and safety, availability of alternative distribution channels, and product level branding. However, as competitive intensity continues to increase, insurers now look for new avenues to realize distinction and © 2010 Stonegate Advisors, LLC / Proprietary and Confidential 1 The 6 Elements of Product Value sustainability. Greater focus is being placed on transcending one-size-fits-all service models to tailoring product and service offerings to meet the unique needs of various constituents. By considering all 6 elements, an organization can develop a more robust product portfolio tailored to the unique needs of specific constituents, thereby increasing the chances of acquisition, retention and greater competitive distinction. For example, in 2007, Humana designed the “No Worry” package for employers in Illinois to alleviate the financial stresses of increasing health insurance costs by restricting the annual premium rate increase to 6%. Similarly, WellPoint created a youth focused program called Tonik, with pricing, distribution, and customer service tailored to 21-35 year old single, “young invincibles.” The Product Value model puts the customer at the center of each business activity. By considering all 6 elements, an organization can develop a more robust product portfolio tailored to the unique needs of specific constituents (member/individual, employer, broker, provider), thereby increasing the chances for acquisition, retention and greater competitive distinction. ELEMENTS OF PRODUCT VALUE The health insurance industry in the U.S. has changed its strategic focus on product design and pricing policy (James C. Robinson 2007). The focus now is on transforming the health care system by embodying new elements of product value to improve product offerings. Customers are becoming better equipped with information. With online tools they can compare different plans and benefits before making a final decision. Today’s web-savvy consumers are looking beyond the traditional features of benefits and provider network, and seek ease of doing business, access to health and wellness programs, and improved reporting and metrics. Figure 2: 6 Elements of Product Value Model Benefit Design Network / Quality Brand Product Service Experience Distribution Operating Model The Stonegate product value model (see figure 2) combines all these key elements and develops a more holistic marketing mix tailored to the health insurance industry. Using this model, insurers take a more robust and systematic approach to product portfolio development, including: Re-introducing consumer-driven healthcare plans – by bringing transparency of price and quality into the service delivery model and provider network tiering; and rewarding prevention and healthy lifestyles. Enhancing disease, care management, and wellness offerings – by complementing health insurance with a portfolio of preventative services to keep employees healthy, as well as providing focused attention to the chronically ill. Offering greater choice and flexibility of plan offerings, by covering modular or tiered levels of benefits with varying cost share arrangements. © 2010 Stonegate Advisors, LLC / Proprietary and Confidential 2 The 6 Elements of Product Value Improving customer service and experience – by utilizing web-based technologies and other automation for marketing, sales, distribution, enrollment and service. Reducing administrative costs – by improving operational efficiency and reducing processing costs. Simply giving consumers a price list of ‘a la carte’ services does little to help them make informed choices about which providers will cost less for an episode of care, let alone which providers offer the best value. Peer industries have already paved the way using similar approaches. For example, the life insurance industry has turned towards cost reduction, regulatory compliance and overall value chain effectiveness due to increasing competition and slow premium growth. The life insurers are analyzing their operations both internally and externally to reduce costs and enhance revenue by: Putting emphasis on the distribution channel to promote the ease and consistency of the customer experience; eliminating siloed sales channels and building interaction strategies based on customer touch point data, for example, analyzing which consumer segment prefers which type of distribution channel. Reengineering, streamlining and automating processes using business process management tools. Automation can reduce cycle time of new business application processing, quoting, rating and claims processing. The 6 elements of product value include: 1 – Benefit Design Benefit design includes benefits covered, cost shares, and limitations and exclusions, as well as the pricing of products. While the basic construct of product has evolved over time, each component is fairly easy to emulate, so differentiation remains a challenge in this highly competitive market. Premiums for health insurance products have been trending well above the overall inflation rate. Since 2000, health insurance premiums for employersponsored plans have risen by 87%. As a result, employers are increasingly shifting health-care costs to workers through higher premiums, deductibles and co-pays or are simply not providing medical benefits to employees. Health insurers are fostering higher patient “skin in the game” by maximizing cost sharing for services that are discretionary and sensitive to patients’ preferences, and minimizing services that are nondiscretionary and not sensitive to preferences. The limitation of this strategy is that cost sharing is designed uniformly with no regard for variation in consumers’ financial resources. It provides meaningful incentives for a higher-income family, while putting more burdens on lower-income families. Also, when this approach is applied incorrectly, critical access to prescriptions and preventative physician office visits may be cost prohibitive to chronically ill patients (e.g. Diabetics), resulting in long term health deterioration, not improvement. Insurers are also beginning to offer basic, stripped down plans at a minimum premium and value added products at higher premiums. However, according to Paul Ginsburg (President, Health System Change (HSC)), simply giving consumers a price list of ‘a la carte’ services does little to help them make informed choices about which providers will cost less for an episode of care, let alone which providers offer the best value, or the optimal © 2010 Stonegate Advisors, LLC / Proprietary and Confidential 3 The 6 Elements of Product Value “The most important characteristic of the private voluntary health insurance market is that individuals differ widely in what they want and are willing to pay for.” - Dr. James Robinson, Health Economist combination of the lowest cost and highest quality. The question is, how should insurers tailor plans to meet consumer needs? According to a study by HSC, insurers should look beyond cost sharing and use innovations in benefit design such as incentives to encourage healthy behavior and incentives that vary by service type, patient condition or enrollee income. Incentives can also encourage the use of efficient or high quality providers to make cost sharing a more effective tool. This would help the health insurer to differentiate its plans and develop a competitive advantage. In the health insurance business, different individuals in different age groups represent different levels of risk. An insurer should be cognizant of where in the dimensions of health, well being and readiness for change consumers might fall and where to focus their products, from preventative services to management of the care continuum for acutely ill patients. Treatment of chronic illnesses accounted for the biggest cost increase over the last five years. While insurers should develop disease management programs for chronically ill members, not all individuals that are at risk of developing a - or worsening an existing condition are ready to change their behaviors. Programs should be developed that are tailored to an individual’s willingness to change. While it is hard to differentiate on benefit design alone, having speed to market, and a focus on wellness and care management can help drive greater distinction. 2 – Network / Quality Health insurers are offering new plans with wider choice and thinner benefits. Although provider networks are broader, they are now increasingly tiered. Network designs seek to balance the virtues of reimbursing providers adequately to promote quality and innovation, on the one hand, while motivating them to search for more efficient and less costly forms of treatment, on the other. Quality of network providers and transparency are also becoming key factors in the consumer decision-making process. Health insurers are able to gather and analyze data on the quality and efficiency of physicians, and designate them as “high performers” on the basis of efficiency scores and quality measures. This enables them to provide members with transparent information about provider performance outcomes, or use of evidence based medicine. They also can offer incentives or steer members to use high performance providers. In 2003, Aetna introduced its Aexcel network of specialists in Jacksonville, Dallas, and Seattle for six specialties and in January 2006, extended the program to 12 specialties in 20 markets. Aetna claims its Aexcel network reduces members’ health care costs. Some insurers and independent organizations have started to produce "report cards," which include satisfaction survey results and other information on quality, such as whether a plan provides preventive care or if the plan follows up on test results. For example, Indiana Department of Insurance issues a “Consumer HMO Report Card” which © 2010 Stonegate Advisors, LLC / Proprietary and Confidential 4 The 6 Elements of Product Value shares information about the performance of Indiana Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs). The report cards help consumers compare the different plans and organizations, to make an appropriate selection. Service experience can serve as an important differentiator as it is difficult emulate. The importance of network depth and breadth, which historically served as a distinct advantage, is being challenged. As the national health insurers reach network parity, transparency and quality have emerged as the new sources of advantage. 3 – Service Experience Service experience focuses on creating unique customer experiences at every touch-point. The ease of doing business with a company plays a key role in the customer decision-making process. Service experience advocates that insurers develop a unique experience for target constituents such as direct purchase individuals, group members, large or small groups or brokers to increase satisfaction and retention. Most insurers follow a one-size-fits-all model, which is not effective in today’s evolving marketplace. Today’s health insurance companies that desire to improve their service quality could take a lesson from other industries such as banking and auto-service. One way to do so would be through lowering the defection rate of customers. Reduced defections drive greater profitability. To use a few cross industry examples, according to a research report by John G. Sanchez, reducing the defection rate by just 5% generated 85% more profits in one bank's branch system, 50% more in an insurance brokerage, and 30% more in an auto-service chain. As per a 2006 report, when MBNA America, a Delaware-based credit card company, cut its 10% defection rate by half, profits rose over 120%. No customer action speaks louder than defection, but insurers should not wait until their customers have left to think about making changes. Defection rates are one of many indicators insurers can use to improve service quality. Insurers can learn exactly where the company is falling short and where to direct their resources just by listening to their customers. To use another cross industry example, Staples uses feedback from customers to pinpoint products that are priced too high. That way, the company avoids expensive broad-brush promotions that pitch everything to everyone. Service experience also extends to include the tools, programs, and techniques insurers use to connect with their customers. For example, in 2007, Aetna, WellPoint, and CMS launched portable, Web-based Personal Health Records (PHR) programs for maintaining patient treatment information. Personal health records help doctors and patients track medications and treatments. Doctors can record test results, immunizations, prescriptions and other medical information into an online database that can be accessed by patients, the insurer and other physicians, if needed. Patients can also add details about over-thecounter medications, plans of care, family health histories and other information. Personal health records have the potential to make the delivery of healthcare services more efficient and accessible, less costly, and safer. © 2010 Stonegate Advisors, LLC / Proprietary and Confidential 5 The 6 Elements of Product Value Insurers are also partnering with network providers to reduce cost and improve service offerings. For example, they are helping doctors and hospitals purchase the technology needed to compare the effectiveness of various treatments while avoiding redundant tests and medication errors and enabling them to provide better care while wasting fewer resource. Particularly in the individual market, an insurer must “go to where the individual is, not make them come to you.” Take for example "the Nordstrom's model." Nordstrom is a department store chain renowned for its outstanding customer service. Penn Medical Center sought to emulate the Nordstrom Model and change the way their doctors interacted with their patients. Doctors worked alongside "patient service representatives" who were trained to attend to all patients’ non-clinical needs, from insurance to scheduling and referrals. As Nordstrom’s sales personnel are compensated for high customer satisfaction, Penn modified the physician compensation to reward high patient satisfaction. 4 – Operating Model The health insurance industry is facing challenges including administrative inefficiencies, increasing costs, lack of standards, reduced payments and consumer concerns over costs and control. The insurers’ success depends on their ability to transform obstacles into opportunities by improving internal process and removing inefficiencies. A streamlined internal process not only optimizes the company’s operations, but also can provide a competitive edge over the competition. Decreasing lifetime values and increasing pressure on premiums are adversely affecting the insurers’ profitability. The insurers are targeting significant cost reductions in the areas of customer acquisition and service, while at the same time enhancing their service offerings. The only way to achieve both is through greater efficiency. It will therefore be imperative to re-evaluate current routes to market and redesign internal processes. Medical underwriting is also becoming a crucial element for the insurers’ survival. The insurers can use approaches to underwriting as a differentiator, based on their risk tolerance, speed, and geographic proximity to the customer. A robust underwriting method should be adapted to price product according to more than just the risk involved. Understanding the proper relationships between rate changes and the corresponding impact on retention, frequency, number of claims reported, and the number of people required to handle the new claim volume is essential to accurately estimate profitability and underwriter income. With increased spending on technology and automation, costs should go down. An efficient back-office process not only helps to reduce the cost of operation, but also helps generate more business from customers. But throwing expensive technology at a problem is not always the best solution. Rather than increasing spending, health insurers should consider outsourcing or off-shoring non-core functions and develop their core operating capabilities as the key competitive advantage. © 2010 Stonegate Advisors, LLC / Proprietary and Confidential 6 The 6 Elements of Product Value In sum, the prime opportunities to achieve distinction with an operating model are scale, efficiency, streamlining of operations, and underwriting sophistication. to reach prospective customers who might otherwise not be reached. Customers such as small groups and individuals don’t have or know how to work through a broker. 5 – Distribution The distribution matrix (see figure 3) classifies the distribution channels on the basis of customer profile. Distribution is an important factor for determining a company’s ability to maintain and increase its market share. A decision regarding which distribution channel to use depends on two things, which channel can best serve the customers by providing appropriate information and accessibility; and, what value a channel adds to the company’s products. In the health insurance industry, distribution channels can be divided into two broad categories: From the Internet that reaches the broadest segment of customers to fitness centers that reach a very defined segment these channels are opening doors for insurers. Traditional channels include general agents, distributors, brokers, associations and direct agents. These have been the main sources of distribution for the health insurance products until now. Alternative channels like Internet, banks, mobile sales units, retailers such as grocery stores or office supply stores, fitness clubs and co-branded programs have become more influential, efficient and cost effective mediums. They give insurance companies easy access to people who may have been difficult to reach through traditional channels. From the Internet that reaches the broadest segment of customers to fitness centers that reach a very defined segment, these channels are opening doors for insurers. The traditional channels are often more effective at serving mid-sized or large employers, with more complex product needs. Alternative channels can be used Figure 3: The Distribution Matrix New Mid-Size, Large Individuals and National Accounts and progressive, and less price sensitive price sensitive, or Small Groups uninsured Small Groups Customers Existing In-force Book of Business Individuals and progressive or price sensitive Small Group Traditional Alternative Channels New distribution channels, like the Internet, have been successfully adopted by the financial services sector and have been widely accepted by customers due to ease of use and accessibility. The Internet has also reduced operating costs for companies and has helped create new financial products like online payment and E-banking. Online shopping for health insurance has risen dramatically. Many large e-brokers are providing online health insurance to people on behalf of insurers, and they have been widely successful, for instance eHealthInsurance, founded in 1997, had about 1.6 million customers in 2006. LifeWise plans started using eHealth in 2006 and saw online sales for individual and family plans grow to 40% of total © 2010 Stonegate Advisors, LLC / Proprietary and Confidential 7 The 6 Elements of Product Value sales of the company. The same trend is visible in other related sectors. According to a comScore, Inc. study of online auto insurance activity, in 2006, auto insurance policies purchased online increased 58%. Taken individually each element can provide some added benefit, but taken together they can help to build a sustainable competitive advantage. The industry needs to continue to evolve these and other innovative channels to reduce the distribution cost and directly reach the target market. For example, Destiny Health recently launched its individual plans to members in four Illinois Life Time Fitness (LTF) centers. This helped the insurer reach out to a new segment of customers. While traditional channels have become widely penetrated, it is difficult to use this form of distribution as a source of competitive advantage. But alternative channels can be used effectively as a source for distinction, particularly in the short run. While this can create some channel conflict, insurers can be creative in launching new channels. For example, with an alternative channel, the broker does not have to be eliminated. Insurers can reward top producers by giving them exclusive access to new channels. Top producers can be awarded “rights” to set up shop in a retail chain or bank, enrolling any new members using that channel. 6 – Brand Branding gives the product/service a separate identity. It can be thought of as a promise, creating associations in the minds of customers with the features and benefits of a product. Through branding, companies try to stand-out and create a unique identity which may result in increased sales and customer retention. In the last 5 years, branding has gained importance in the health insurance industry. The industry has become more retail-oriented and focused on individual consumers, whereas, in the past, these companies marketed their products on a wholesale basis to employers. Branding products involves a more focused strategy. Insurers target specific segments, and communicate based on the behavior of different segments. For example, UniCare's Sound plan and WellPoint’s Tonik plan target “young invincibles” (19-34 year olds). To make the communication meaningful, the companies brand their products to connect with the customer, rather than using names such as HMO20 or PPO50 which are often meaningless. Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield named its new product, for the small business segment in Colorado, BeneFits. Humana has named its new product portfolio as HumanaOne under which it has launched 3 new products - Autograph, Portrait, and Monogram for personal health insurance targeting individuals and families not insured by an employer, such as self-employed entrepreneurs, small business employees, part-time workers, students and early retirees. To attract and retain customers, health insurance companies are trying to create brand awareness. Health insurers have struggled with poor image, and as claim payers there was little that set them apart. Branding provides an avenue for distinction. Health insurers are designing new brand logos to connect with the local audience and reflect their core values. For example, FirstCare designed a new logo to brand itself as “a neighbor” to the local community. Then, instead of using © 2010 Stonegate Advisors, LLC / Proprietary and Confidential 8 The 6 Elements of Product Value generic product names, they emphasized strong product identity. This has made it easier for the companies to communicate their products to customers and customers are better able to associate with these names. An insurer must consider its own core competencies and emphasize those elements that best align with its own current or aspirational strengths. Moreover, the insurers are increasingly using innovative online marketing tools to promote their brands like: Search engine marketing through vendors like Google & Yahoo. Opt-in email sponsorships with MSN hotmail, Yahoo, and AOL. Banner ad placements on relevant websites such as WebMD, eDiets, Careerbuilder, Monster, and About.com. Search Engine Optimization (SEO), a long term approach to organic search placement, rankings. The brand can play a crucial role in creating a strong market position. Insurers should invest in marketing efforts to create a distinct brand identity not only at the company level, but more importantly, the product level. DIFFERENTIATING THROUGH PRODUCT VALUE Besides streamlining the internal and external processes of the company and designing a profitable product offering, the product value model also enables the insurers to develop a competitive advantage. An insurer must consider its own core competencies and emphasize those elements that best align with its own current or aspirational strengths. While deciding the focus area, it should recognize that each element offers varying degrees of competitive advantage (see figure 4 summary). PARAMETERS OF CUSTOMER VALUE Customer value creation is at the center of the relationship between customers and service providers. Different customers value aspects of service differently. In the health care industry, individual customers and employees desire a coverage that provides high value, access to good facilities, choice in terms of facilities and plans, and faster claim processing. On the other hand, employers try to contain escalating costs and improve health for employees. As a result, health insurers need to strike a balance between costs for employers and creating a satisfying experience for the employees and individual customers. At the same time, they must compete Figure 4: Degree of Competitive Advantage © 2010 Stonegate Advisors, LLC / Proprietary and Confidential 9 The 6 Elements of Product Value against carve out vendors such as disease management and wellness companies. BRIDGING PRODUCT WITH CUSTOMER NEEDS For Young Invicibles, Insurers should consider promoting simple, prepackaged branded offerings, using new distribution channels such as retail stores and the Internet, and providing real-time application processing and underwriting. In order to maximize acquisition and retention, an insurer must match the 6 elements of product value to the customer needs. Inevitably customer needs and insurers’ aspirations will vary for different customer segments. Thus after determining its focus area and the customer needs for a particular segment, the insurer should consider and tailor the most relevant elements of product value to design a suitable strategy (see figure 5). A few examples of tailoring the elements of product value to the parameters of customer needs follow: INDIVIDUAL SEGMENT The individual segment can be classified on the basis of life-stages or demographics. The individual segment represents a large opportunity for health insurers; 47 million people are still uninsured in the U.S. Each player is looking to tap a large share of this segment. Young Invincibles The Young Invincibles group consists of people between the ages of 19 and 34. The major concern for this segment is the simplicity, affordability and ease of access of products. Consequently, insurers should consider promoting simple, prepackaged branded offerings, using new distribution channels such as retail stores and the Internet, and providing real-time application processing and underwriting. Pre/Early Retirees Pre/Early Retirees fall in the age group of 51-64 years. The biggest concern for this segment is value and personal interaction, particularly if this segment retires or loses group coverage before becoming Medicare eligible. Another major requirement for this segment is flexibility, ease of use and options in products. Consequently, insurers should consider highly flexible offerings to cater to the various needs of this segment, including the bundling of wellness benefits. Also, live channels such as telephone and brokers should be used to sell and service this segment. Finally, insurers will most likely find branding to be beneficial. For example, Aetna recently launched 4 new plans under the name ‘Retiree Health’, for early retirees targeting the 55-to-65 age group. The company’s objective is to create long-term relationships with preretirees that can continue even after the customers become eligible for Medicare. Figure 5: Match Product Value Elements to the Customer Needs Note: the parameters of customer value are representative, not all inclusive) © 2010 Stonegate Advisors, LLC / Proprietary and Confidential 10 The 6 Elements of Product Value About Stonegate Advisors Stonegate Advisors provides research, strategic counsel, business advisory, and analytical services to medium and large sized firms, including venture, hedge, and private equity funds within or targeting the health and wellness industry. www.stonegateadvisors.com Sightlinx, a proprietary product of Stonegate, is an industry first research solution to rapid perspective, knowledge and idea sharing across the health and wellness industry. Small Group Employers Large Versus Small Brokers All small employers should not be treated equally. Like individuals, small employers can by classified by life cycle, such as start-up, rapid growth, mature, or declining. Depending on where a company is in its life-cycle, a different combination of product value elements should be applied. An online sales and service channel can be used with a startup, whereas a mature company may prefer to deal with a broker. Similarly, a start-up may only want one or two products to choose from, whereas a rapid growth company may consider a portfolio of options, as well as access to wellness and prevention programs. Many insurers already vary the way they treat brokers, considering dimensions such as the size of the broker and what percent of that broker’s premium is sold with any one insurer. Key dimensions such as the service channel, incentive design and products offered can vary based on the value of the broker to the insurer. For example, less valuable brokers may be serviced through a call center or receive on-line rather than inperson training. Highly valued brokers may sit on a producer advisory council, have access to customized training and reports, and participate in cooperative advertising and lead generation. www.sightlinx.com For more information, contact Marc Pierce at mpierce@stonegateadvisors.com or 312 397 1111. CONCLUSION Traditional product features such as benefit coverage, pricing, and physician network can no longer be considered differentiators in today’s highly competitive market. The 6 Elements of Product Value: benefit design (speed to market), network/quality (quality & transparency of the network), service experience (customer service), operating model (back-office operation), distribution (new innovative channels) and brand (product specific branding) have emerged as the essential elements that are needed to develop a competitive advantage for insurers. The health insurers have tried to differentiate and create their own niche in different markets based on geographies, demographics and customer segments. Customer needs have also evolved, and buyers look for better products at competitive prices catering to their risk profile. The key to success for a health insurance company lies in matching the Product Value to unique customer needs, thereby creating a sustainable competitive advantage. © 2010 Stonegate Advisors, LLC / Proprietary and Confidential 11