Southernization Article Questions
Directions: Answer the following questions fully, using the text as
evidence for your answers.
1. What do the two terms, “westernization,” and “southernization,” mean,
according to Lynda Shaffer (the author)?
2. A) What does the author mean by the term “Southernization?”
B) How is “the South” defined in her paper?
3. What is Synda Shaffer’s THESIS (main argument?)
4. What were some of the elements of southernization ( ideas, products,
inventions, foods, etc.) described in the following areas or people groups?:
A) China
B) India
C) Southeast Asia (Malay)
D) Middle East/Arabs
5. According to Shaffer, what role did the Mongols play in the process of
southernization?
6. Shaffer states that goods moved more quickly and more easily in eras of
large empires, like the Mongols or Islamic Arabs. WHY do you think she
argues this? Think of SEVERAL reasons this idea might be true.