Ch. 24.4 America Moves Toward War
Section Objectives:
One American’s Story
­FDR believed there could be no peace in a world controlled by who?
● Dictators
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1. The United States Musters Its Forces
­What did Roosevelt begin to prepare the nation for?
World War II
A. Moving Cautiously Away From Neutrality
­What was the “cash­and­carry” provision Roosevelt wanted Congress to pass?
Allowed warring nations to buy U.S. arms as long as they paid cash and transported them in their own ships.
B. The Axis Threat
­Who were the Axis Powers?
Germany, Italy, and Japan
­How did the formation of the Axis alliance affect the United States?
It would force them to fight in the Atlantic and Pacific because each Axis nation agreed to declare war on the U.S. if the U.S. declared war on any of them.
C. Building U.S. Defenses
­What was the Selective Training and Service Act?
It was a draft that occurred before the U.S. had actually entered the war. 16 million men ages 21­35 had to register
One million were actually drafted, they served one year
D. Roosevelt Runs For A Third Term
­Why did Roosevelt win the Election of 1940?
His opponent was very similar to him therefore the people saw no reason to vote for him (Wendell Wilkie)
2. “The Great Arsenal of Democracy”
­What reason did Roosevelt give the American people for helping to defeat the Axis threat?
If the U.S. did not help the Axis powers would take over the U.S.
A. The Lend­Lease Plan
­How did Roosevelt help the Allies?
By providing them with weapons and other supplies even if they could not pay.
­What was the Lend­Lease Act?
A law that provided allowed the U.S. to ship weapons and other supplies to countries fighting the Axis powers. This could be done with no payment by the countries
B. Supporting Stalin
­Who did Hitler break his nonaggression pact with in 1941?
Stalin and the Soviet Union
­How did the United States respond?
Roosevelt began sending lend­lease supplies to the Soviet Union
C. German Wolf Packs
­What did the Germans do that threatened Roosevelt’s lend­lease program?
They used U­boats (German submarines) to attack the supply ships
­What were these attacks called?
Wolf pack attacks
3. FDR Plans for War
­What did Roosevelt do in August of 1941?
● He proposed to extend the term of draftees. A. The Atlantic Charter
­What was the Atlantic Charter?
● A joint declaration of war aims that the British and U.S. agreed upon.
­Who were the Allies?
● The nations fighting the Axis powers (Britain, France, Soviet Union, and the U.S.)
B. Shoot on Sight
­How did the United States end up in an undeclared war with Germany?
● A German U­boat fired on a U.S. destroyer “rattlesnakes of the sea”­FDR referring to German U­boats.
● Roosevelt ordered navy commanders to shoot German U­boats on sight
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
4. Japan Attacks the United States
­What country brought the United States into the war?
Japan
A. Japan’s Ambitions in the Pacific
­Who was Hideki Tojo? Chief of staff of Japan’s Army
­What did the U.S. cut off from Japan that was essential to their war effort?
The U.S. cut off trade, the key supply cut off was oil
B. Peace Talks are Questioned
­When Tojo became prime minister what did he promise the Japanese emperor?
That the Japanese government would attempt to preserve peace with the Americans.
­Why did the U.S. let Japan commit the first overt act?
So that a war between Japan and the U.S. was not started by the U.S.
­What happened to the peace talks between Japan and the U.S.?
They were stopped December 6, 1941
C. The Attack on Pearl Harbor
­What attack brought the United States into the war? Where is Pearl Harbor located? Pearl Harbor
Hawaii
­The losses suffered by the U.S. Navy at Pearl Harbor exceeded the total amount from what war?
World War I
D. Reaction To Pearl Harbor
­What was Roosevelt afraid of?
A two front war
­When did the attack on Pearl Harbor occur? What did Roosevelt refer to this day as?
December 7, 1941
A date which will live in infamy