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Period:
4
Bio 5/6
Skin and Body Membranes
Study Guide
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SKIN AND BODY MEMBRANES:
Body membranes, which cover body surfaces, line its cavities, and form protective sheets around organs, fall
into two major categories. These are epithelial membranes (skin epidermis, mucosae, and serosae) and the connective tissue synovial membranes.
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Topics for review in this chapter include a comparison of structure and function of various membranes, anatomical characteristics of the skin (composed of the connective tissue dermis and the epidermis) and its derivatives,
and the manner in which the skin responds to both internal and external stimuli to protect the body.
CLASSIFICATION OF BODY MEMBRANES
1.
Complete the following table relating to body membranes. Enter your responses in the areas left blank.
Tissue type (epithelial/
connective)
Membrane
Common locations
Functions
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Mucous
Serous
Cutaneous
Synovial
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2. Four simplified diagrams are shown in the figure on the following page. Using the terms below, label the corresponding structures on the diagrams.
Cutaneous membrane
Mucosae
Visceral pleura (serosa)
Parietal pleura (serosa)
Visceral pericardium (serosa)
Parietal pericardium (serosa)
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Synovial membrane
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Bio 5/6
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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (SKIN) - Basic Functions of the Skin
3. Explain the role of sweat glands in maintaining body temperature homeostasis. In your explanation, indicate how
their activity is regulated.
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Basic Structure of the Skin
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4. This figure depicts a longitudinal section of the skin. Label the skin structures and areas by adding leader lines
and brackets on the figure.
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5. Using the choices, choose all responses that apply to the following descriptions. Enter the appropriate letter(s)
or term(s) in the answer blanks.
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Stratum basale
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum spinosum
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
Epidermis as a whole
Dermis as a whole
a. ________________________ Translucent cells, containing keratin, found only in thick-hairless skin
b. ________________________ Strata containing all or mostly dead cells, heavily keratinized
c. ________________________ Dermis layer responsible for fingerprints
d. ________________________ Vascular region
e. ________________________ Epidermal region involved in rapid cell division; most inferior epidermal layer
f. ________________________ Scalelike cells full of keratin that constantly flake off, dead cells
g. ________________________ Site of elastic and collagen fibers
h. ________________________ Site of melanin formation, location of the melanocytes
i. ________________________ Major skin area from which the derivatives (hair, nails) arise
j. ________________________ Epidermal layer containing the oldest cells
k. ________________________ When tanned becomes leather
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6. This exercise examines the relative importance of three pigments in determining skin color. Indicate which pigment is identified by the following descriptions by inserting the appropriate answer from the choices in the answer blanks.
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Carotene
Hemoglobin
Melanin
a. ________________________ Most responsible for the skin color of dark-skinned people
b. ________________________ Provides an orange cast to the skin
c. ________________________ Provides a natural sunscreen; covers nucleus of keratinocytes
d. ________________________ Most responsible for the skin color of Caucasians
e. ________________________ Phagocytized by keratinocytes
f. ________________________ Found predominantly in the stratum corneum
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g. ________________________ Found within red blood cells in the blood vessels
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Appendages of the Skin
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7. This figure is a diagram of a cross-sectional view of a hair in its follicle. Provide labels for the leader lines.
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8. What is the scientific term for baldness? ________________________
Homeostatic Imbalances of the Skin
9. This section reviews the severity of burns. Using the choices, select the correct burn type for each of the following descriptions. Enter the correct answers in the answer blanks.
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First-degree burn
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Second-degree burn
Third-degree burn
a. ________________________ Full-thickness burn; epidermal and dermal layers destroyed; skin is blanched
b. ________________________ Blisters form
c. ________________________ Epidermal damage, redness, and some pain (usually brief)
d. ________________________ Epidermal and some dermal damage; pain; regeneration is possible
e. ________________________ Regeneration impossible; requires grafting
f. ________________________ Pain is absent because nerve endings in the area are destroyed
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4
Skin and Body
Membranes
Connective Tissue
Membranes
Body Membrane
Classification
1.
Epithelial Membranes
The Integumentary
System
2.
skin, dry
Skin
Derivatives
The Skin
eccrine or
apocrine
3.
lines body cavities that
open to exterior
7.
produce
sebum
4.
arrector
pili muscle
raises
8.
Occur in
Pairs
9.
10.
lines open body cavities
that are closed to the exterior
5.
6.
increases finger dexterity
outside of organ
Skin Structure: The
Layers
lines wall of body cavity
Dermis
11.
12.
Epidermis
blood vessels, sweat glands
oil glands
dermal papillae
from deepest to most superficial
13.
14.
15.
thick, hairless
skin only
mitotic
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17.
shingle-like
dead cells
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Chapter 4 - Skin and Body Membranes
Bio 5/6
Chapter Objectives
Classification of Body Membranes
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10. List the general functions of each membrane type-cutaneous, mucous, serous, and synovial-and give its location in the body.
11. Compare the structure (tissue makeup) of the major membrane types.
The Integumentary System (Skin)
12. List several important functions of the integumentary system and explain how these functions are accomplished.
13. Define the following skin structures: epidermis, dermis (papillary and reticular layers), hair and hair follicle,
sebaceous gland, and sweat gland.
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14. Name the layers of the epidermis and describe the characteristics of each.
Bio 5/6
15. Describe the distribution and function of the epidermal derivatives - sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and
hair.
16. Name the factors that determine skin color and describe the function of melanin.
17. Differentiate between first-, second-, and third-degree burns.
18. Summarize the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.
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Bell Ringer #1 - Date:_________________
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Bell Ringer #2 - Date:_________________
Bell Ringer #3 - Date:_________________
Bell Ringer #4 - Date:_________________
Bell Ringer #5 - Date:_________________
Bell Ringer #6 - Date:_________________
Bell Ringer #7 - Date:_________________
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Notes:
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