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Chapter 41 –in class follow along lecture notes
Central Questions: check to see if you can answer these!
1) How does the structure of the digestive system accommodate the goals of digeston and absorption –
namely getting the nutrients in their simplest form to all the cells?
2) How is this process regulated by nervous and hormonal control to achieve homeostasis in the body?
1) What are the stages of ‘food processing’ and how does it provide each of our cells with the final source
of energy, namely ATP? Trace the pathway.
2) What is the key macromolecule that ALL food material will eventually get converted to be processed
into energy (ATP)?
3) Why do we eat?
4) Compare the energy contained in carbs, fats, and proteins.
5) What happens to the “EXTRA” carb, protein, and fat that is not used to provide energy?
6) How is glucose level in the body regulated to achieve homeostasis? (Very important)
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7) Label this picture to show regulation of blood glucose
8) Overall, why is homeostasis/regulation a really
important concept – what other body functions
need to be regulated?
9) Why do we eat continued? A) energy – ATP
B) Nutrition: B1) Essential fatty acids:
B2) Water soluble vitamins: Function and diseases
B3) Fat soluble vitamins: Function and diseases
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B4) Minerals:
B5) How is the digested food (monomers) taken into the blood in the digestive system?
B6) How is digestion regulated by hormones?
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10) Digestion through the phyla: DIVERSITY IN DIGESTION! (Important)
Simple protists like Paramecium:
Invertebrates:
a) Cnidaria:
b) Annelida:
c) Arthropoda:
Vertebrates:
Aves:
Mammalia: Ruminants:
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11) Label the digestive tract below:
Digestive system: the alimentary canal + glands – circle the alimentary canal parts above; put a box
around the glands.
Review – what are the polymers and monomers of:
Carbs –
Lipids Nucleic Acids Proteins Structure function relation: list each organ/structure/gland in the digestive system and its function:
1) Mouth:
Gland name:
Enzyme/s:
Digestion (macromolecules acted on and end product produced):
2) Pharynx:
3) Epiglottis:
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4) Stomach: (HCl, Pepsin)
Cell name:
Enzyme/s:
Digestion (macromolecules acted on and end product produced):
5) Duodenum:
Structure:
Enzymes/chemicals:
5A) Pancreatic juice:
Amylase:
Bicarbonate
Trypsin, chymotrypsin:
Lipase:
Nucleases:
5B) Bile:
5C) Intestinal juice:
6) Large Intestine:
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13) Label these glands:
Reference table
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