Name_________________________________Date_________________Hour_________
Biology
Semester 1 Final Exam
Study Guide 2012-2013
In order to be successful on the exam you will need to know the following information.
Use your textbook, notes, and previous study guides to help you complete this study
guide and to study for the exam. Do not wait until the day before the exam to begin
studying. It is best to study a little each night.
Laboratory Safety
1. How should you properly dispose of chemicals?
Discard per teachers instructions
2. What should you do if you spill chemicals on yourself or others?
Tell the teacher and wash hands for 20 minutes
3. What can cause accidents in the laboratory?
Horseplay, hurrying, not following directions
4. Agree or disagree: A person can perform an experiment without a teacher’s
permission. Explain your answer.
Disagree. Always follow directions of the teacher.
5. Name at least three things a person should do before starting a lab.
Read directions, put on all proper protective equipment (ex. safety glasses, gloves,
aprons), tie back hair
Chapter 1 - The Nature of Life
1. Know the following terms:
science
observation
data
hypothesis
controlled
dependent variable
experiment
control
variable
theory
cell
Sexual reproduction Asexual
reproduction
Evolve
development
adaptation
zoology
Botany
Genetics
biochemistry
2. List the steps to the scientific method in order.
Problem, hypothesis, experiment, observation, conclusion
3. What must be included on every graph?
Title, axis lines, axis labels, units, key
inference
independent
variable
Biology
Homeostasis
environment
Microbiology
Name_________________________________Date_________________Hour_________
4. When would you use a bar graph to plot data?
Compare quantities
5. When would you use a line graph to plot data?
Show change over time
6. Which variable goes on the x-axis?
Independent variable
7. Which variable goes on the y-axis?
Dependent variable
8. What SI unit is used for each of the following:
a. length ____cm_________
b. mass ______g______________
c. volume _____L_______
d. temperature _____Celsius____________
Some students grew sunflower plants in their school’s biology laboratory. The following
data table shows the results of the experiment after 3 weeks.
Plant A
Plant B
Plant C
Temp.
Humidity
21 C
21 C
21 C
50%
50%
50%
Amt. of
water
received
daily
30 mL
30 mL
30 mL
Hours
Light
exposed to color
light
Amount of
growth
10 hours
10 hours
10 hours
15 cm
5 cm
10 cm
Violet
Green
White
9. What is the dependent variable?
Amount of growth
10. Which plants are the experimental group(s)?
A and B
11. Which plant is the control?
C
12. What is the independent variable?
Light color
Observation or Inference
13. The sky is blue observation
14. There are puddles in the street so it must have rained last night. inference
15. The plant is 5 cm tall. observation
Name_________________________________Date_________________Hour_________
16. Name the characteristics of living things that we discussed.
Made of cells, reproduce, universal genetic code, grow and develop, obtain and use
materials and energy, respond to their environment, maintain stable internal
environment, change over time
17. List the levels of organization from most complex to least complex.
Molecules, cells, groups of cells, organisms, population, community, ecosystem,
biosphere
Chapter 2 – The Chemistry of Life
1. Know the following terms:
compound
element
lipids
proteins
nucleotides
enzymes
nucleus
amino acids
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
2. Compare and contrast monosaccharide, disaccharides, polysaccharides and give
examples of each.
Monosaccharide = one sugar (ex. glucose)
Dissachride = two sugars (ex. sucrose)
Polysaccharide = many sugars (ex. starch, cellulose, glycogen)
3. What three parts make up nucleotides?
gshsagpg rurp ,psarpsuhp ,ragus
4. DNA and RNA are _________________
A. carbohydrates
B. nucleic acids
C. lipids
D. proteins
5. Glucose is an example of _______________________.
A. carbohydrates
B. nucleic acids
C. lipids
D. proteins
6. Starch is an example of _________________________.
A. carbohydrates
B. nucleic acids
C. lipids
D. proteins
7. Cellulose is an example of ______________________.
A. carbohydrates
B. nucleic acids
C. lipids
D. proteins
8. Enzymes are examples of ________________________.
A. carbohydrates
B. nucleic acids
C. lipids
D. proteins
Name_________________________________Date_________________Hour_________
Give the type of macromolecule that is described.
9. Starchy potatoes that go along with the hamburger. carbohydrate
10. Vegetable oil used to fry the potatoes. lipid
11. In the living parts of your hamburger, enzymes that carry out cellular processes.
proteins
12. The A-T and G-C base pairing that makes up the blueprint of a hamburger.
Nucleic acids
13. Fat in the hamburger.
Lipids
14. The crunch of lettuce as you eat cellulose.
carbohydrates
Chapter 3 – The Biosphere
1. Know the following terms:
Ecology
Biosphere
Community
Ecosystem
Heterotroph
Producer
Carnivore
Omnivore
Food web
Trophic level
Species
Biome
Consumer
Decomposer
Biomass
Population
Autotroph
Herbivore
Food chain
Detritivore
2. Complete the table.
Organism
Description
Herbivore
Eats plants
Examples
Cows
Omnivore
Eats plants and animals
Bears
Carnivore
Eats animals
wolves
Decomposer
Eats decaying matter
Bacteria, fungi
3. Compare and contrast food chains and food webs. What do the arrows indicate?
Food chains show the flow of energy from one organism to another. A food web links
all of the food chains together in an ecosystem. The arrows indicate direction of
energy.
Name_________________________________Date_________________Hour_________
4. Use the food chain to answer the following questions.
algae
insect
frog
snake
fish
a. Which organism(s) would be considered the autotroph(s)?
algae
b. Which organisms(s) would be considered the heterotroph(s)?
Insect, frog, snake, fish
5. Refer to the Ecology Unit Study Guide for food pyramid examples and food web
examples.
Chapter 4 – Ecosystems and Communities
1. Know the following terms:
Biotic factor
Abiotic factor
Predation
Symbiosis
Parasitism
Ecological
succession
Pioneer species
Biome
Habitat
Mutualism
Primary succession
Niche
Commensalism
Secondary
succession
2. What is the difference between abiotic and biotic factors? Give examples of each.
Abiotic factors are nonliving factors in an ecosystem (ex. temperature, light, soil)
Biotic factors are living factors in an ecosystem. (ex. grass, birds, humans)
3. Explain each of the three symbiotic relationships and give an example of each.
Types of symbiosis
Description
Example
Commensalism
One organism benefits; the other is neither Hermit crab and
harmed nor helped
snail
Mutualism
Both organisms benefit
Bees and flowers
Parasitism
One organism benefits and the other is
harmed
Ticks, tapeworms
4. Which biome has the most diversity?
Tropical rainforest
5. Which biome is Wisconsin considered to be in?
Temperate deciduous forest
6. What is a pioneer species that would develop during primary succession?
Beach grass, lichen
7. What is a lichen?
Combination of algae and fungus
Name_________________________________Date_________________Hour_________
Chapter 7 – Cell Structure and function
1. Know the parts and functions of each of the following parts of the microscope and be
able to identify them:
Eyepiece
Coarse adjustment
Fine adjustment
Stage
diaphragm
nosepiece
Objective
Base
Light source
Stage clips
2. What is a compound microscope? How do you find the magnification?
gpgrpr gsgshr ugl
juggsxsauhsag juggsxsauhsag f armpahsip pippspap
3. What scientist used the simple light microscope?
Anton vanLeeuwenhoek
4. What did Robert Hooke study and discover?
rhalspl aass
lsraaipspl apggr
5. Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
A. Cells are the basic units of life.
B. All living things are made of cells.
C. Very few cell reproduce.
D. All cells reproduce by existing cells.
6. Cells with NO nuclear membrane or membrane bound organelles are called
_____________________
a. prokaryotes
b. eukaryotes
7. What are all living things made up of?
Cells
8. Be able to identify the parts and functions of the cell (Go back to previous
worksheets to review.):
Cell membrane
Cell wall
nucleus
Cytoplasm
nucleolus
Nuclear envelope
cytoskeleton
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic
Golgi apparatus
lysosomes
vacuoles
reticulum
Chloroplasts
mitochondria
9. What does a lysosome do?
Sac of digestive enzymes that breakdown food and waste
10. Which of these organelles is missing in bacteria?
a. cell membrane b. nuclear membrane c. cell wall
d. ribosomes
Name_________________________________Date_________________Hour_________
11. Identify the letter of parts of the cell with their function and write the name of the
part of the cell behind the definition.
___E___ A system of membranes WITH
RIBOSOMES attached that acts as a
highway to transport molecules inside
cells is called Rough ER
___H__ Storage space for water, food,
enzymes, or waste Vacuole
___F___ Power plant of cell; burns glucose & makes
ATP Mitochondria
___L__
The proteins are assembled here
Ribosomes
12. Check the box that best fits the statement for each cell boundary.
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Protects and gives shape.
x
Flexible and allows cell to
x
change shape.
Controls what enters and
x
exits the cell.
Has a phosholipid bilayer.
x
Found in animal cells.
x
Found in plant cells.
x
Made of cellulose.
x
13. Check the box that best fits the statement for animal cells and plant cells.
Animal cell
Plant cell
Has cell wall and cell
x
membrane.
Contains central vacuole.
x
Only has a cell membrane.
x
Cell doesn’t have a
x
definite shape.
Cell has a definite shape.
x
Contains lysosomes.
x
14. What part of the cell is responsible for maintaining homeostasis?
Cell membrane
15. What are the differences between a prokaryote and eukaryote?
Prokaryote = single cellular with no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles.
Eukaryote = multicellular with nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Name_________________________________Date_________________Hour_________
16. What is osmosis?
Movement of water across a cell membrane
This diagram shows cells in a solution. Use the diagrams to answer questions 16-18.
A
B
C
15% salt
95%
7%
Hsalt
2O
90% H2O
10 %
salt
17. The environment that surrounds the cell in B is
a. hypertonic.
b. supersonic.
c. hypotonic.
2% salt
7%
salt
D. isotonic.
18. Which cell would most likely expand and burst?
a. Cell A
b. Cell B
c. Cell C
19. Water would move out of the cell in which solution?
a. Cell A
b. Cell B
c. Cell C
Chapter 8 – Photosynthesis
Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration
1. Which of the following shows the correct sequence during cellular
respiration?
A. Electron transport chain → glycolysis → Krebs cycle
B. Glycolysis → Electron transport chain → Krebs cycle
C. Krebs cycle → Electron transport chain → glycolysis
D. Glycolysis → Krebs cycle → Electron transport chain
2. Describe the two types of fermentation.
Alcoholic = when pyruvate is added to nadh and alcohol and CO2 is produced. (ex.
bread)
Lactic acid = when pyruvate is added to nadh and lactic acid is produced
3. What is the difference between anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration occurs without the presence of oxygen such as fermentation.
Aerobic respiration occurs with the presence of oxygen such as the krebs cycle and
electron transport chain.
Name_________________________________Date_________________Hour_________
4. Check the box that best fits each statement. You can check more than one box.
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Occurs in mitochondria
X
Occurs in chloroplast
X
Creates large amounts of
X
ATP.
Creates glucose.
X
Necessary for eukaryotic
X
X
cells.
Chapter 10 – Cell Growth and Division
1. Know the following terms:
Cell division
Chromatid
Chromosome
centriole
Cell cycle
spindle
prophase
Metaphase
anaphase
Cytokenesis
centromere
Mitosis
telophase
2. What is the purpose of mitosis?
Nuclear division
3. Write the order of mitosis. Think PMAT.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
4. DNA that is spread out in the nucleus of a NON-dividing cell is
called chromatin.
5. Type of reproduction in which offspring are produced from the genetic material of
only ONE parent. Binary fission_
6. The phase of mitosis in which the nucleus and nucleolus disappear, spindle fibers and
centrioles appear, and DNA scrunches up into chromosomes = _prophase
7. The longest phase of the cell cycle is interphase
8. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the
dividing cell?
metaphase
9. During which part of cell division are the cytoplasm and cell organelles divided?
cytokinesis
10. How many chromosome pairs do human body cells have?
23 pairs
Name_________________________________Date_________________Hour_________
11. Which phase of mitosis could also be called "reverse prophase"?
telophase
12. Identify which part of mitosis each cell is going through.
A. Interphase
D. Anaphase
E
B. Prophase
E. Telophase
C. Metaphase
F. Cytokinesis
D
A
F
B
13. Label the following diagram.
A. centromere
B. Sister chromatids
A
C
C. Centriole D. Spindle fiber
B
C
D
1.
Science Affixes
Review the affix sheet. Be able to identify which affix fits with the description.
a. Examples
i. Bio- means _______life________________
ii. –ology means _____study of______________________
iii. Cyto- means cell_______________
iv. Endo- means into, inside_______
v. Iso- means _same, equal, uniform
vi. Exo- means out of_______
vii. Hypo- means _under_______