Urban Planning 222:
Introduction to Histories and Theories of Urban Planning
URBAN PLANNING 222:
INTRODUCTION TO HISTORIES AND THEORIES OF URBAN PLANNING
Winter 2009
Days:
Time1:
Time2:
Tuesday and Thursday
9:00 am to 10:20 am
2:00 pm to 3:20 pm
Room:
Room:
2242 PAB
2242 PAB
Instructor:
Evelyn Blumenberg
Office:
5276 PPB
Telephone: (310) 903-3305
Office Hours: TBA
E-mail:
eblumenb@ucla.edu
Reader1:
Konstantina Soureli
E-mail:
ksoureli@ucla.edu
Office Hours: TBA
Reader2:
Deirdre Pfeiffer
E-mail:
dap624@gmail.com
Office Hours: TBA
Writing Instructor: Ava Bromberg, ava.bromberg@gmail.com
Course Description:
This course is an introduction to the history and theories of the planning profession.
The focus of this introductory course is on the practice of planning. We will selectively
draw on the literature in planning theory and history to examine a series of questions
fundamental to planning practice such as:
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What is planning theory and history? And why are they important subjects
for practicing planners?
What is the justification for planning?
What do planners do?
Is there a public interest? If so, what is it?
How can planning be effective given the institutional constraints placed on
planners?
What values are incorporated into planning?
What ethical dilemmas do planners face and how can they resolve them?
The discussions, exercises, and readings on these questions will highlight alternative
approaches to planning practice, the contributions of our planning forebears, the beliefs
and values underlying our own behavior and decision making, and the leading scholars
and current issues in the field of planning.
Format and Course Requirements:
There are 5 parts to the course: (1) lectures, (2) reading assignments, (3) class
participation, (4) written assignments, and (5) a final examination. These five elements
are intended to reinforce but not duplicate one another.
Lectures: A complete list of the lecture topics, dates, and readings is attached.
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Urban Planning 222:
Introduction to Histories and Theories of Urban Planning
Readings: There are required readings for each topic; the required readings can be
found in a course reader available at Course Reader Material (1080 Broxton in
Westwood Village, 310-443-3300). I encourage you to call and check on the availability
of the reader before you plan on picking it up. If you do not already own a copy, you
must purchase a copy of Macris, Natalie (2000). Planning in Plain English. Writing Tips
for Urban and Environmental Planners, Washington, DC, Planners Press, American
Planning Association.
Planning theory draws on literature from many disciplines. However, most of the
articles included in this reader are written by planners and are intended to highlight the
theoretical contributions of planning scholars. To encourage you to keep up with the
reading, every effort has been made to keep the required readings to a minimum.
Class Exercises and Discussions: Planners often work in teams and must know how to
manage group discussions, mediate conflict, and synthesize and present group
findings. Therefore, in addition to lectures, our class sessions will also include group
exercises and discussions. You will be graded on your participation in these activities.
Assignments and Grading: There are three writing assignments and a final
examination. Assignment #1 is due on Thursday, January 22; Assignment #2 is due on
Tuesday, February 17; and Assignment #3 is due on Tuesday, March 10. Only hard
copies of papers will be accepted. Late assignments will be graded down 1/3 of a
grade. Exceptions to this policy will be made only due to illness and with a note from a
medical professional. Final grades will be determined as follows: writing assignment #1
(20%), writing assignment #2 (25%), writing assignment #3 (25%), final examination
(20%), and attendance and class participation (10%).
Final Examination: The final examination will be held on Tuesday, March 17th from 9:00
to 10:30. The exam will focus primarily on the readings for the course and the material
covered by the guest lecturers. To prepare for the exam, I would encourage you to read
all the materials for the course and to take notes on the basic concepts included in each
of the articles.
Lecture Topics and Readings:
Topic 1:
Introduction to Course (January 6)
no assigned reading
Topic 2:
What is planning, planning history and planning theory? Why do
they matter? (January 8 and 13)
Writing: Macris, Natalie (2000). “Knowing Your Readers,” Planning in
Plain English. Writing Tips for Urban and Environmental Planners,
Washington, DC, Planners Press, American Planning Association.
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Urban Planning 222:
Introduction to Histories and Theories of Urban Planning
Forester, John (2000). “Why Planning Theory? Educating Citizens,
Recognizing Differences, Mediating Deliberations,” The Profession of City
Planning. Changes, Images and Challenges: 1950-2000. Eds. Lloyd
Rodwin and Bishwapriya Sanyal. New Brunswick: Center for Urban
Policy Research.
Friedmann, John (1987). “The Terrain of Planning Theory,” Planning in
the Public Domain: From Knowledge to Action. Princeton: Princeton
University Press.
Friedmann, John (2008). “The Uses of Planning Theory. A Bibliographic
Essay,” Journal of Planning Education and Research, 28(2): 247-257.
Topic 3:
What are the historical roots of planning? (January 15, 20, 22)
Presentation of Historical Papers – January 22
Writing: Macris, Natalie (2000). “Organizing your Document,” Planning
in Plain English. Writing Tips for Urban and Environmental Planners,
Washington, DC, Planners Press, American Planning Association.
Brooks, M.P. (1988). “Four Critical Junctures in the History of the Urban
Planning Profession,” Journal of the American Planning Association, v.54:
241-248.
Hall, Peter (1989). “The Turbulent Eighth Decade: Challenges to
American City Planning,” in Classic Readings in Urban Planning. An
Introduction. ed. Jay M. Stein. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Teitz, Michael B. (1996) “American Planning in the 1990s: Evolution,
Debate and Challenge,” Urban Studies, v. 33(4-5): 649-671.
Thomas, June Manning (1994). “Planning History and the Black Urban
Experience: Linkages and Contemporary Implications,” Journal of
Planning Education and Research. v. 14:1-11.
Topic 4:
What is the justification for planning? (January 27 and 29)
Writing: Macris, Natalie (2000). “Writing Simple Sentences,” Planning in
Plain English. Writing Tips for Urban and Environmental Planners,
Washington, DC, Planners Press, American Planning Association.
Klosterman, Richard E. (1985). “Arguments for and Against Planning,”
Town Planning Review, v. 56:1:5-20.
Foglesong, Richard E. (1996). “Planning the Capitalist City,” in Readings
in Planning Theory. Eds. Scott Campbell and Susan Fainstein.
Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers Inc.
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Urban Planning 222:
Topic 5:
Introduction to Histories and Theories of Urban Planning
What do planners do?
Writing: Macris, Natalie (2000). “Writing Active Sentences,” Planning in
Plain English. Writing Tips for Urban and Environmental Planners,
Washington, DC, Planners Press, American Planning Association.
Overview (February 3)
Friedmann, John (1996). “Two Centuries of Planning Theory: An
Overview,” Explorations in Planning Theory. eds. Seymour J.
Mandelbaum, Luigi Mazza and Robert W. Burchell. New Brunswick:
Center for Urban Policy Research.
Rational and Incremental Planning (February 3)
Taylor, Nigel (1998). “The Systems and Rational Process Views of
Planning,” Urban Planning Theory Since 1945. Sage Publications.
Lindblom, Charles E. (1995). “The Science of ‘Muddling Through,’” in
Classic Readings in Urban Planning. An Introduction. Ed. Jay M. Stein.
New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.
Dalton, L.C. (1986). “Why the Rational Model Persists --The Resistance
of Professional Education and Practice to Alternative Forms of Planning,”
Journal of Planning Education and Research, v.5: 147-153.
Topic 6a:
What do planners do? Alternative Approaches I (February 5)
Writing: Macris, Natalie (2000). “Using Simple Words and Avoiding
Jargon,” Planning in Plain English. Writing Tips for Urban and
Environmental Planners, Washington, DC, Planners Press, American
Planning Association.
Advocacy and Equity Planning
Davidoff, Paul (1965). “Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning,” Journal of
the American Institute of Planners, 31:596-615.
Krumholz, Norman (1983). “A Retrospective View of Equity Planning.
Cleveland 1969-1979,” in Introduction to Planning History in the United
States,” ed. Donald A. Krueckeberg. New Brunswick: The Center for
Urban Policy Research.
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Urban Planning 222:
Introduction to Histories and Theories of Urban Planning
Radical Planning
Friedmann, John (1987). “The Mediations of Radical Planning,” Planning
in the Public Domain: From Knowledge to Action. Princeton: Princeton
University Press.
Topic 6b:
What do planners do? Alternative Approaches Part II (February 10,
12, and 17)
Presentations of Theory Papers: February 17
Writing: Macris, Natalie (2000). “Explaining Technical Information,”
Planning in Plain English. Writing Tips for Urban and Environmental
Planners, Washington, DC, Planners Press, American Planning
Association.
Race, Gender, and Planning
Mier, Robert (1994). “Some Observations on Race in Planning,” Journal
of the American Planning Association. v. 60(2), Spring.
Sandercock, Leonie and Ann Forsyth (1992). “A Gender Agenda. New
Directions for Planning Theory,” Journal of the American Planning
Association. v. 58:1. Winter.
Thomas, June Manning (1996). “Educating Planners: Unified Diversity for
Social Action,” Journal of Planning Education and Research, 15: 171-182.
Postmodernism and Planning
Beauregard, Robert A. (1989). “Between Modernity and Postmodernity:
The Ambiguous Position of U.S. Planning,” Environment and Planning D:
Society and Space, v.7: 381-95.
Communicative Action
Innes, Judith E. (1995). “Planning Theory’s Emerging Paradigm:
Communicative Action and Interactive Practice,” Journal of Planning
Education and Research. v. 14.
Tewdwr-Jones, M. and P. Allmendinger (1998). “Deconstructing
Communicative Rationality: A Critique of Habermasian Collaborative
Planning,” Environment and Planning A, 30: 1975-1989.
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Urban Planning 222:
Topic 7:
Introduction to Histories and Theories of Urban Planning
Is there a public interest? And if so, what is it?
(February 19)
Writing: Macris, Natalie (2000). “Using Lists,” Planning in Plain English.
Writing Tips for Urban and Environmental Planners, Washington, DC,
Planners Press, American Planning Association.
Meyerson, Martin and Edward C. Banfield (1955). “Note on Conceptual
Scheme,” Politics, Planning and the Public Interest. The Case of Public
Housing in Chicago. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
Rawls, John (1971). “Justice as Fairness,” reprinted in Classic Readings
in Urban Planning. An Introduction. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Topic 8:
What ethical dilemmas do planners face? What values are
incorporated into planning? (February 24 and 26)
AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct,
http://www.planning.org/ethics/ethicscode.htm
AICP Ethical Principles in Planning,
http://www.planning.org/ethics/ethicalprinciples.htm
Lucy, William H. (1996) “APA’s Ethical Principles Include Simplistic
Planning Theories,” Readings in Planning Theory, eds. Scott Campbell
and Susan Fainstein. Cambridge: Blackwell.
Howe, Elizabeth (1994). “The Nature of Ethical Issues,” Acting on Ethics
in Planning. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Marcuse, Peter (1985). “Professional Ethics and Beyond: Values in
Planning,” Ethics in Planning, ed. Martin Wachs. Rutgers: Center for
Urban Policy Research.
Topic 9:
How can planning be effective given the political constraints placed
on planners? (March 3, 5, 10) (2 Guest Lecturers)
Baum, Howell S. (1996). “Practicing Planning Theory in a Political World,”
Explorations in Planning Theory, eds. Seymour J. Mandelbaum, Luigi
Mazza, and Robert W. Burchell. Rutgers: Center for Urban Policy
Research.
Beauregard, Robert A. (1978). “Planning in an Advanced Capitalist
State,” in Planning Theory in the 1980s. eds. Robert W. Burchell and
George Sternlieb. Rutgers: Center for Urban Policy Research.
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Urban Planning 222:
Introduction to Histories and Theories of Urban Planning
Fainstein, Susan S. and Norman Fainstein (1996). “City Planning and
Political Values: An Updated View,” Readings in Planning Theory, eds.
Scott Campbell and Susan Fainstein. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers.
Topic 10:
Conclusion: Current Issues in Planning Theory and History (March
12)
Fainstein, Susan S. (2000). “New Directions in Planning Theory,” Urban
Affairs Review, v. 35:4, pp. 451-478.
Sandercock, Leonie (1998). “The Planner Tamed: Preparing Planners for
the Twenty-First Century,” Towards Cosmopolis. Planning for Multicultural
Cities. Chicester, UK: John Wiley and Sons.
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