Presidential election of 1860
 In 1860, Stephan Douglas and Abraham
Lincoln ran against each other again, this time for president.
 Lincoln had become well known from their debates about slavery.
 This time, Lincoln won, becoming the 16th president.

Southern States secede
 As soon as Lincoln won the election, the South started to secede. This means the South split from the Union. They no longer wanted to be part of the United States.
 Supporters of secession based their arguments on the idea of states’ rights. They said they had voluntarily joined the union, so they could leave when they wanted.

Confederate States of America
 On December 20, 1860, South
Carolina became the first state to secede.
 A total of eleven states seceded and formed the Confederate
States of America.
 They named Jefferson Davis as president.
 They wrote a new Constitution which made slavery legal.

Civil War
 A civil war is a war between people of the same country.
 The American Civil War was fought to keep the South from leaving the Union.
 Slavery was the major issue that separated the North from the South.

The Civil War began at Fort
Sumter.

 Fort Sumter was in the South, and the
Union had a hard time defending the fort.
 There were 23 states in the Union (North) at the beginning of the war.
 There were 11 states in the Confederacy
(South) at the beginning of the war.

North’s Advantages
 Many more people
 More factories, which could be used to make weapons
 Many more miles of railroad tracks

South’s Advantages
 They were fighting at home.
 This would mean that they would be closer to their supplies.
 They also would fight harder because they were protecting their homes.
 The Confederacy also had superior generals and better trained soldiers.

Battle of Bull Run
 One of the first battles of the war was the Battle of Bull Run.
 The North realized after this battle that the war would not be easy and would not be over soon.

New Weapons
 Many new weapons were used during the
Civil War.
 Ironclad ship - ship with iron plates on it to protect it from cannon fire.

Other new weapons
 Deadlier cannons and bullets
 More accurate rifles

Battle of Antietam
 First time the Confederacy invaded
Northern territory
 Bloodiest battle day in United States history. 23,000 men lost their lives that day.
 The Union army stopped the Confederate army. This “victory” by the Union gave
President Lincoln the chance to announce the abolition of slavery in the South.

Emancipation Proclamation
 Declared that all slaves should be set free in the
Confederacy.
 It also allowed blacks to serve in the Union army and navy.
 South ignored the
Emancipation
Proclamation, but it did change to focus of the war to the issue of slavery.

Women in the Civil War
 Women on both sides worked during the war. Many became nurses. The most famous nurse from the Union was Clara
Barton.
 She also helped organize the
American Red Cross.

Battle of Gettysburg
 The Confederate army invaded the North once again in the Battle of
Gettysburg.
 One of the bloodiest battles of the war.
 90,000 Union soldiers fought 75,000
Confederate soldiers.
 More than 50,000 men were killed or wounded in the battle.

 The Union won the Battle of Gettysburg.
 The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the war. The Confederacy would never invade
Union territory again.

Gettysburg Address
 After the Battle of Gettysburg, President
Lincoln went to the battlefield to dedicate a cemetery in honor of all those who had died.
 Lincoln spoke for two minutes, but his speech became very famous.
 It is called the Gettysburg Address.