Grant Jones Mike Robinson 48 Poems Naming Water Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie River voices for beaches • marshes • swamps • creeks • rivers The Stillaguamish River Creeks are deep as feelings, like mothers. Beaches, like fathers, connect us with clouds and sky. GJ Love a creek. Wade a wetland. Clean your dreams. MJ Grant Jones Mike Robinson 48 Poems Naming Water voices for beaches • marshes • swamps • creeks • rivers Skookumchuck Press Jones & Jones, Ltd. Pioneer Square Seattle A watershed is the area of land where all of the water that is under it or drains off of it goes into the same place. John Wesley Powell, scientist and geographer, put it best when he said that a watershed is: "that area of land, a bounded hydrologic system, within which all living things are inextricably linked by their common water course and where, as humans settled, simple logic demanded that they become part of a community." ISBN: 0-9796495-7-9 Copyright © 2014 by Skookumchuck Press and Grant Jones and Mike Robinson. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the Publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. It is an honor to be published by the Skookumchuck Press of Jones & Jones, a company famous for celebrating places with crafted buildings and restored natural landscapes that fit together as one; and we wish to thank Emily Fong, graphic designer at Jones & Jones for her beautiful book design. Scott Goldader and family at Phil’s Custom Bindery in South Park did the fine perfect binding of the book. Skookumchuck Press Jones & Jones, Ltd., 105 S. Main Street Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98104 This is number…..............of an edition limited to 100 copies. Grant Jones Mike Robinson 48 Poems Naming Water voices for beaches • marshes • swamps • creeks • rivers A Note to Our Readers: What’s Really Going On “We share a deep feeling nature feels ignored and appreciates it when we do not ignore her. She offers her body to give descriptive names in our languages--not those irreverent peoples' names, joke names, military names, scrapular mementos of our amputated fingers and other narcissistic adventures, just simple descriptions of her memorable and striking features, words that record her curves and mysterious places, where no historical committee need be consulted. Scientist writers don’t write for general communication. The dry, compromised, relative-to-every-heretofore-collected-fact-ofmeasured-observation, uncertainty, and delayed truth they are required to produce (more money needed before they can say what’s really happening) is meaningless to people in their own local sub watershed. Situations are complicated and they are just scientists. Poets can describe the situation of the moment. Scientists and engineers are not trained to do that. They have to package themselves for their client base most adroitly—as safety experts, fact monitors, research leaders--but they have inadvertently stolen the naturalist’s tradition from the family birder, butterfly netter, tide pool observer, pond wader and child and grandparent of the neighborhood creek. Journalists love specialist fragmentation: they don't have to know anything, but just ask unsettling questions and wait for the scientists to figure it out. But they're just scientists." Grant Jones Mike Robinson Contents 1 Misplaced Grebe 2 Tsun-O-Quah 3 Cormorant 4 Inventing the Mystery 6 Ardnumarchan 7 The Source 8 Poking Around 9 On the Road to Cleggan 10 Driftwood 11 Love at the Right Time 12 Star Shadows 13 Small Boat Appreciation Workshop 14 Song of the Starry Flounder 15 Kissing Cabezons 16 What Water Knows 17 Distilleries 18 Half One Half of Half a Man 19 Whistling for Trout 20 Tributaries Wait 21 Trout Dreaming 22 Building a Meadow 23 Streaming 24 A Wild Bouquet 25 Skagit Flowers for Sasquatch 26 What Fish Know 27 If You Could Ask Me How Love Can Happen 28 Taking a Walk with My Wife 29 When My River Becomes a Beaver Pond 30 Reading the Book of S’Kallam 31 Learning from the John Day 32 Getting Things Wrong 34 A Blessing for the Iowa 35 About Morning 36 Welsh Origins 37 Salvaged from Sleep 38 Ecology of My Heart 39 The Foot Bridge 40 Doe on Pacific 41 Why Aspens Quake 42 Praying for Rain 43 Confluences 44 Indians miss boat in artful exhibit 45 Doors to Heaven 46 What Darwin Meant 47 Sluice of My Eyes 48 A Note for Bill 49 Wet Places to Write Poems and Other Information & Celebrations WHAT PUGET SOUND SAYS WHEN WE LISTEN Look at the imposing square mileage of the Fraser River Watershed, or trace the Skagit Watershed to Canada. You will find the 10 Regions that form The Salish Sea Estuary make it bigger than the Chesapeake, fed by the Susquehanna... and of course, it has no glaciers. A true estuary requires replacement saltwater to restore what is lost when freshwater leaves the estuary and disappears over the continental shelf. A vast inflow of high speed salt water gushes up the hidden canyon of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, bigger than the whole Columbia 1 Map of the Central Salish Sea, Stefan Freelan, WWU, 2009 Our own Salish Sea is fed by, and feeds, 10 Regions, 3 in the Strait of Georgia. This remarkable estuary is probably the largest in North America. Misplaced Grebe Water lies flat, composed, Tarnished ochre-white and fog enclosed Beneath a refractory vision cone. Cast along a softly wrinkled skin, Following each and only current’s scratch, Tracing a placid seam line, the birds wait. While I, a misplaced winter’s grebe, Look out across the corruscating line of fog Where ochres turn the rockfish-red Under this morning’s warmths of sunbred air. Then bird after bird throws out its wings And lifts each its body trembling, And flies right inside the fog’s whirly eye. Grant Jones Written at Richmond Beach January 1961 1 Tsun-o-quah* Hull is black Gunnel red Evening sea Sculpin green. I drift among Scrolling kelp And wake to rest Alive. My handline slacks Behind the lead; Will moonlight prove My choice? The sea is still In ebbing light; I wait to see Her voice. Flood tide wind Of Tsun-o-quah speaks: Twelve Foot Skiff. My handline glides The gunnel's edge And speaks to me With fish. Grant Jones Written at Richmond Beach, North Central Puget Sound, The Salish Sea, Washington. *Tsun-o-quah: goddess of the sea and wind. 2 Cormorant On a windy, blowing crest, Arched and wrinkled brow, A darkling wing young-feathered moves the air, Fans slowly, cools deeply: Cormorant of my diving mind. Grant Jones Richmond Beach, Washington May 1963 3 Inventing the Mystery When we wondered out loud how earth heaved up those tons of stone, their snowed heads rising higher than grandfather’s, our grandmothers lied. They said some drowsy god tossed in his sleep or up to their elbows in sudsy tubs, alleged a vain or cosmic crime: grand theft of the sun, a sheaf of lightning hurled by Zeus with a wounded hand, Lavelatla, longing for Klickitat up north, head bowed in wintry pain. What could he do but shrug and wander off into a world where everything flickers and catches fire, ten thousand years of lies, burning like dry leaves, our intuition charged, all our beliefs undone. 4 So our own lives might melt and run, leaving us drop-jawed in some silly god’s deceit, our agony his joke. Spawned on this bed like pups in mud, we sprawl, nursing a wet belly, eyes locked against the light, warm and familiar with our neighbor’s milky breath : not wanting it to end. Mike Robinson Based on Northwest Indian legends re: Browns Point, Dash Point, Pulley Point, 2012 5 Ardnamurchan In Ardnamurchan the stones are splattered with lichen-moldy dried blood and marrow of dead trawlermen scattered across thighs and faces of rocks, phlegm of a million bottomfishes, petrified mold of the great baleen mother. Ardnamurchan, westmost cape of the great seas, ancestral shape buried beneath scurvy grass, whinchats shivering in oaks in whose scaffold your secret hovers... a kestrel in prayer. Over the flaming, soggy, tapestral heath, it hunches with rooks in broken birch coppice and warbles transfluent in the throat of a loon. Grant Jones Written standing in the wrack on the beach at Senna. 6 The Source I remember cheekwind hours of peninsular days among waves on sands at edges whispering with plover and love in my eye for spindrift, wavelap, my tracks in the sand with an incoming tide. I dream of the dampness of edges receding, of shoreless shallow and priest heron, limitless marsh and altar bittern; of an endless mist and parable of petrel, bent horizon and rain-pale grebe-a collocation of pebble memories under a curving, white, cloud-hung light and no horizon to level these senses or tilt this moment’s counterpoise. I dream of whale-blue navel scars in bloodless depths of prismed skies; in mediums of silted time, to spawn with so much ancient fishlove to wake without pulse, to listen, to rise to dream with gull, wide eyes at such heights as tears would form clouds. Such nights as these, and mornings-pressed against the breath of my beginning-I wake, suspended among murmurings of my source. Grant Jones Written at Richmond Beach, Washington November 1966 7 Poking Around Making a puddle, Wellies up to my knees, I think I see big life, stomping a bog. A bird breaks from cover. I fumble field glasses. their glimpse of sky too brief to catch my eye. Then gathering cold metal in my fist I see why monks douse their faces facing East. Who wanders here for birds misses what lived here first, what goldeneyes divide diving for dinner, what egrets shuffle up rummaging mud for lunch. My hand comes up dressed in a stemless necklace, my wet wrist laced with beads. a quilt no queen would finger, a gift too green to keep. Mike Robinson 8 On The Road To Cleggan On these floodtide mornings of December in Connemara, Black-mirrored coves get all shimmery and still. Reflections burst along shores of the lachs Like technicolor movies playing on a sepia-toned portrait Of your grandmother’s smile as she brings you your Porridge with a spoonful of butter melting in the middle. This afternoon the lapwings skitter and foxtrot Across the mudflats between shingle-toed beaches By straggling stone fences blotchy with lichen. Spinning razorbills ricochet like black-and-white rockets Through silver passages between islands studded Out where Cleggan bewitches the Western Sea, Kissing it where it itches most for Inishbofin. Grant Jones Written in Clifden, Connemara, County Galway, Ireland, January 2009. 9 Driftwood Across the Sound a barge of lumber vees its way hyphenated shape observed by sentinels 40-foot alder and fir closer to home whose roots tap deep to sip what water's left by April runnels thick again as if they own the place their fingers frisked all winter, hauling these hills to the bay. Mike Robinson Viewed many times from Three Tree Point, Dash Point, WA 2014 10 Love at the Right Time If I on the beach while I’m sitting, lift my foot and the footprint holding this morning's yellow shade harbors a dozen sand fleas who hop out into bright rays of the sun and attract dragonfly whose mate follows across shallows along the shore, her shadow coursing over the water stirring minnows which lure sand dabs that great blue heron then spears for breakfast, and if that footprint contains a shell which reminds me of the spiral curve of your eyelid causing me to gulp rasping air followed by a long audible sigh which wakes song sparrow in the brush at my back and makes her careen into the fir overhanging the eelgrass bed dislodging a fresh green cone which slowly sinks to the bottom attracting rock crab which otter on the bank then dives for, and if my laughing breath containing all these feelings rises to mingle with the summer clouds whose billowy bellies you can almost touch, then what is life but love at the right time all the way to the spinnakers of the moon. Grant Jones Written on Jones Beach, Pole Pass, Crane Island, San Juan County, the Salish Sea, Washington. 11 Star Shadows This morning seals Surface below the cliff Where this cabin rests in the trees. I stare at them Like a captain checking currents. After they dive, a dozen buffleheads come up. From Pole Pass To Deer Harbor The bay is smooth as glass. A thousand birds Are leaving a thousand trails Like rice paper coming alive. Sky and water Mirror images Islands suspended between. A bald eagle dives, and They lift to take flight— Squadrons and squadrons of cormorants Skimming across the bay, Their wakes still trailing Like long shadows of last night’s stars. Grant Jones Written at Mossycliff Cabin, Crane Island, Wasp Islands, San Juan Islands Archipelago, the Salish Sea, Washington 12 Small Boat Appreciation Workshop There are laws of water only boats obey: kayaks on inches of river get loose like kites on busted strings, skid away like that. While yachts and skiffs pay dues to park along a dock, look, how their hip-shaped beams and feminine equipoise flirt with us as we walk. To love a boat's okay, even a rowboat; they, too, have lives, and surge in their moorings at the water's knock. Mike Robinson Based on walks through a dozen marinas: Hayden Island (OR), Shilshole (Ballard, WA), Des Moines, WA; Bellingham Bay, WA; Thea Foss Waterway, Tacoma,WA. Written 1988 13 Song of the Starry Flounder Two arms, out beyond your land, One fist, thrust in a green band; Live mass of tide-wrinkled water Mingles in between in plankton laughter. Four seals ride the swells in; Three petrel fly turn spin; Waves wash in between Granite cliffs leeward lean. Six plover dip the wind home; Five cormorants skip wings trace foam; And flounder that I am looks on Below swaying strands of kelp at dawn, And see refracted cobalt blue, My upside-down face prism true. Grant Jones Starry Flounder: Platichthys stellatus Written in Watmough Bight below Chadwick Head on Lopez Island in the San Juan Islands Archipelago, The Salish Sea, Washington, 16 October 1962 for Theodore Roethke’s Advanced Verse Writing Class in Parrington Hall at the University of Washington. 14 Kissing Cabezons for Joe Henke Bull kelp swirls down deep its cadmium ribbons pumping the sun where greenlings dart like eels. Just over the curving mouth of the drop off there’s a cabezon with cobalt-blue lips sleeping like a cat. I knew you’d grow up this serene. Grant Jones Written on the tideflats of Richmond Beach, Shoreline, Washington in memory of the summer of 1953. August 20, 2011. 15 What Water Knows My feet if I could see them stand on worn stone, a bed where this river saunters, makes boulders somersault until they build a sort of wall for me to walk. I wade here after steelhead, tossing yarns they might believe, but know before they answer they sigh a story older than this, one long skein, held in their bellies the way I hold hope or your attention before it drifts to what you think is your life. Mike Robinson Based on countless flyfishing trips, including Stillaguamish River (WA); Lewis River (WA): Kalama River (WA); Green River (WA); Wind River (WA); Washougal & Little Washougal (WA); Yakima River (WA); Bare Lake (BC); Tunkwa Lake (BC); Tuloon Lake (BC); Pass Lake (WA); Teanaway River (WA); Rogue River (OR); Umpqua River (OR); Deschutes River (OR); Hoh River (WA); Grays River (WA); Skykomish River (WA); Dean River, BC; Willapa River (WA); Satsop River (WA); Big Hole River (MT); Ruby River (MT); Beaverhead River (MT); Klickitat River (WA); Lost River (ID); Wood River (ID); Siouxon Creek (WA); Canyon Creek (WA); Coal Creek (WA); Bumping River (WA); Elwha River (WA); Manashtash Creek (WA); Cedar Creek (WA); Skate Creek (WA); Cedar River (WA); Cle Elum River (WA); Methow River (WA); Elochoman River (WA); Chehalis River (WA) Fly patterns mentioned or implied include Elkhair Caddis; Muddler Minnow; Prince Nymph; Bella Coola Bombshell; Lantern; Red Butt and Green Butt Skunks; Woolly Buggers; Adams; Cahills; Blue Duns; Cutthroat Candy; Skykomish Sunrise; Irresistible; Hare's Ear; Black, Brown, White & Green Marabous; Polar Shrimp; Clouser Minnow; Chernobyl Ant; Stone Fly; Joe's Hopper; Parachute Dun; Bitch Creek; Egg-sucking Leech; Black Leech; Sculpins; Teeny Nymphs; Doc Spratleys; Halfback Nymphs. 16 Distilleries Your firs are taking the lead, their folded-needle flumes sending billions of cloudwater molecules down their boles into the spongey tongues of moss french-kissing the creeks with pure water. Each tree a distillery of hope to your oysters. Just passing the bigleaf maple gallery forests and swamp forests of the South Fork of the Snoqualmie River east of North Bend, heading for the farm. Sorry we had no time to chat over a coffee but next time. Grant Jones Douglas Fir: Pseudotsuga menzesii 17 Half One-Half of Half a Man Half one-half of half a man, Sweet small stalk of a someday man, He, small man, bird child, Son of a sometime man child, My child, lovechild, Loves seashells: that's all I know. Grant Jones Victor Wellington Jones, 1958-1990 In April of 1964 he was then five years old, i.e. 5, of 10, of 20, of 40 of being a mature man. Written for Theodore Roethke’s Verse Writing Class Parrington Hall, University of Washington at Richmond Beach on the Salish Sea April 1964 18 Whistling for Trout I fished the Teanaway so hard in 1961 my baby brother gave up and napped in the car. Meanwhile, a trout the size of my left arm finned past my watery foot as if I whistled wolflike and she was a hot Italian woman ignoring me. Mike Robinson Teanaway River 1961 19 Tributaries Wait Now… when we’re apart, each stronger than the last, my emptiness expands like a gourd grows in the evening after sun's warming parting, leaving a larger breast to fill each morning as the shadows inch across my bare feet in the sand; While… these minutes pump through my heart like the river remembers how we stood, straight, hands fluttering like the cottonwoods swaying at its confluence, leaves trembling in the wind; As… it waits for us to refill this tributary pool with the imprint of our hearts each Spring here where the Taylor and the Snoqualmie meet, under the grandfather face of Garfield Mountain. Grant Jones Written at the confluence of the Taylor River on the Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie, where the high rock crags along the granite face of Garfield Mountain shoot straight up from the narrow valley floor, making it look like a three-thousand-foot cathedral hewn out of the western flank of the North Cascades 9 April 2003. 20 Trout Dreaming Each morning you walk across the cobblestones through the trees, Like ankle deep water pouring Over the rounded stones of a quiet mountain river. You move as if trout know every pore of your body. I will come to this place to imagine Your figure gliding over the cobbles. I’m a trout in a shady pool resting, Dreaming your return. Grant Jones Written, October 1996 in Occidental Square Park Pioneer Square Historic District Seattle, Washington 21 Building a Meadow I built you slowly tested your pieces on my tongue, weighed your freight and implications the way wise animals assess a meadow. In fact, that meadow's what I meant to say, the way it opens, a quiet eye, a cave where sunlight carves the afternoons, where pools of evening hold their breath, waiting for morning. Mike Robinson Based on many walks, hikes, fishing trips: especially Raymond, WA; Brush Prairie, WA; Doty, WA; Teanaway River, WA; Yakima River (WA); Grays River (WA). Written 2013 22 Streaming I was born filial by boisterous rain lit a plate of bark but fell deep in moss stayed growing becoming fat saturant moving through cavities seasoning danced downhill roiled over stones falling, laminar slow fluid swirling singing stormy juggler streaming at last done this before. I’ll be back. Grant Jones Fauntleroy Creek Basin, Central Puget Sound Region 23 A Wild Bouquet The French call them savage, meaning they need no garden, grow wild on hills where grape and lily likewise run amok. Along the Marne, Dordogne, and Loire, twayblade and tongue fern line the soggy banks, while woodcock sits up high, its gingerbread heart embraced by pink wings, a fragile negligee that trembles when our fingers fiddle at the stem. Wild rose means poetry, and saxifrage says grief: Ophelia must have worn a robe of it, loveless and fatherless, aching for daisies, bold blooms: surfinia, frilly agapanthus or marguerite, its white or blue or pink petals tightly tucked around the gold hub like a queen safe in her bower. That's what I give you, love, when I send a mixed bouquet to celebrate your beauty. Like you, these homeless blossoms thrive outside the bordered, pinched precision of suburban yards. Seen close, their buttery eyes refuse to blink, their fuzzy stems stand at attention all day long, a pretty arm come to occupy the heads of businessmen. Mike Robinson Based on conversation with friend about (her) 2010 trip on a barge in France; Written 2010. 24 Skagit Flowers for Sasquatch Walking straight into the sun I scrambled across the ancient drift logs, Some as old as the last Indian Who knew the Sasquatches who lived Across the delta on the bluffs above Utsalady, Walking out into the full embrace Of this enchanted landscape halfway Between frogs and flounders and dragonflies Of the ditches and Caspian terns of the mud bars, Halfway between this year's cedar logjams from the mountains And the long banks of driftwood across the shores of Skagit Bay, And I sat down on a log hummock at the head of a small guzzle Leading into a salt creek that tracks off into the sunset, To fill my eyes, now that there are these things Like rippling sun streaks leaping across the delta, Like rolling swirls of sandpipers in the tide sets, Like streaming chains of geese across the bars... Now that there are these times when birds say your name, Now that there are these times when the thought of you Bursts from the swaying grass like a harrier lifting the wind, Now when words spring from my tongue Like the flowers you’ve seeded in my heart. Grant Jones Written out on the Skagit Bay Flats of Fir Island, which is really the delta of the north and south distributaries of the Skagit River, just north of Utsalady on Camano Island, “Land of the Berries,” and home of the Kikiallus Tribe of Coast Salish People and recorded by the Duwamish to be the birthplace of the Sasquatch, 9 April 2005. 25 What Fish Know I fished the Yakima one accidental day as we headed home from a different trip, but saw good water near Easton, so we waded in, sidled down to a great riffle where a widow-maker broke the river, making a lacy curtain where five bright fish hung out and swung like seaweed ignoring what I offered them. Mike Robinson 26 If You Asked Me How Love Can Happen And so if you asked me how love can happen, what love can emanate from, I would tell you that I have seen it come in clouds, in rivers and from birds and the leaves on trees, and from...you. I would tell you that I have seen it contained in dreams, springing out of sleep like beautiful tigers from peaceful glades, and from you in such force as rock becomes river… as my soul flutters, swimming with the Dippers that work the eddies and riffles flipping pebbles for mayflies, as these memories tilt time while the river roars by. Grant Jones Written in West Seattle, 1 June 2000 27 Taking A Walk for my Wife Taking baby steps I stir huddled duckweed, shiver skunk lily while back at our cabin you snooze above a book, though once I watched from high in a sunlit window you herking muddy boulders to make a wall one morning, rubber-booted, head poked in your fuzzy shapka brown body cloaked in your midnight gown and thought you must be rooted somewhere else, tough-hearted like heather two-fisted like your Viking aunts and uncles, until I saw you rise in the light look up to see me watching your sly smile making its own sun and a name: my Nootka rose. Mike Robinson Based on morning at Bell Mountain (Venersborg, WA)1976; written 2014 28 When My River Becomes a Beaver Pond I can't explain your voice your eyes your hands in these back-channel moments after you leave when my river becomes a beaver pond. Grant Jones Written in the beaver ponds eastside of the Methow below the pedestrian suspension bridge downstream of Mazama, North Cascades, Washington. 29 Reading the Book of S'klallam Go back three hundred years, before we took the trees, watch Sadie and the Twins tumble into this bay we call Klallam after the strong people whose 30-foot canoes hauled whales across the straits. Hear how they named the tides, --incoming, outgoing, ebbing, named shallow spots, river mouths, named muddy water, clear water, named eelgrass, kelp, cedar stump tree trunk, horsetail-named raspberry, gooseberry, salmonberry, those old names they lost a century ago. You'll see, when we wade here now, we forget to know why Susie holds back until she meets the singing waters a mile from Juan de Fuca, why she washes the beach on her knees, under the whirr of the osprey, the eyes of owls, why the ravens, crouched near her on the spit, why they listen so intently. Mike Robinson 30 Learning from the John Day It’s not speed but sinuosity that gives life to the dance, puts the art in the flow, takes the hunger out of the river and puts love back inside it. Grant Jones Written on the North Fork of the John Day River Central Oregon Sunday May 24th 1998 If rivers are anything like arrows of time, the John Day savors its passage the way I hope I can lengthen my days by turning slow wide bends, taking in the views as long as I can. 31 Getting Things Wrong I tossed a fly a pinch of brown pulled from around some chicken's neck to feign a look some rainbow down among ignorant rocks that crowd a bed where a mountain drowned might surge to snatch: but I was wrong. The hatch was green. Thin things in veils my brown rode by as if unseen. I thought of her, those times my moves fetched nothing, not a wink or tic to tell me I should throw again my shoulder tight, wrist lifted high, right elbow snug against my hip, all to amuse or stir like a spoon my woman's lip. So kneeling there I searched myself, unhinged and thumbed a tidbit tucked in a silver box I keep for this, and lofted that 32 My damsel's dance swung on a slick twitchy as guilt then sat up straight as if to catch a nap at noon, and got a kiss, a dimpled ring, then sauntered on the way she shuns a midnight hand. Humbled men acquire the crease that wisdom cuts when nothing works --I have a few-- but none so deep I'd quit the game. The dream I stalk, harder than stone, rises to light's unfinished walk across the same sky where our prayers are sent each day. We could be wrong. Mike Robinson Based on 45 years of flyfishing and marriage. Written 2013 33 A Blessing for the Iowa Let her water words coil round your ears, Trickle inside your head. Let the wind in the cottonwoods Whisper through your hair Like loved ones calling your name. Standing under the tall, silver maples, Let your fingers read stories in the bark. Hold earth in your hands and let her memories Sift through your fingers like cloud seeds. Hear woodpecker tap out her heartbeat And warblers sing her deepest secrets. Lean your bones against ancient snags in the channel And feel the music of grandfather’s dreams. My heart makes a home on the Iowa. Sings a blessing for this native land. Grant Jones Written on the Iowa River below Misquackie, in Tama County, Iowa 9 April 03 34 About Morning "Nature has no agenda." ---Lisa Fitzhugh Over a paved path I hike the dark to fetch the news where I'll spill my milk this morning, eating lumps that grew like weeds before we slapped them in boxes with bright names. It's how we live, a redundant parade we do all day piled in tall tin, glassy faces beaming at each other while we pad around, while office plants assure us we're OK. Nature, diluted, is nature, anyhow. If we forget how it cascaded once, burst once, churned once, fruited, covered acres overnight, gave cover, big hugs to what we once as children gathered in boxes of treasure we took home to show our mothers, it's OK...It's OK. Nature has no agenda. It lives. It waits. It returns. It revives. It gives. You can almost hear it now, its pulse and tremble when we lift our hands to pat our makeup, adjust our tie. Mike Robinson 35 Welsh Origins Our souls seem to settle in mountains; Though our spirits continue To flow in rivers and rest along their shores. Since, like the rivers, we are uncontained And spill our banks like winds In canyons ebb and flow. Our minds and hearts come from our brother animals: The fish, the birds, the insects, The worms, the snakes, the frogs, The slugs, and all the mammals From the marmots to the mountain lions. Trees are guardians, Animals our eyes and ears. Grant Jones Written at Dye’s Canyon South Fork Nooksack River Whatcom County Washington July 1972 36 Salvaged from Sleep Last night I had no dream but counted steps as I hiked a track, its ties a necklace laced with rust. A killdeer twitched ahead, returned and cried when I veered through her patch of scotch broom, not blooming yet-though soon seed pods will crack, scatter like ducks where alder and fir were hung with birds before we came for Christmas or roared Marine View to make it home for dinner-but I knew her game, knew outgoing tides sing up blue herons who stalk mud flats, rummage for sulking sculpin, saw one wade ankle-deep, hidden from gangs of cranes whose jaws gaped empty gawking in awkward applause when wide wings lifted as if to signal peace over the paved acres. Mike Robinson Based on dream, March 2014 37 Ecology of My Heart When, as an otter finds its mark among fine reeds and weeds of swampish worth, below a universal brackish surface diving, you, in osprey plungings reached down to prey on me, to search me out of the fish and bittern dwelling there; I dived into the mud and sediment of my decaying past to find petrified, fossilized, perfect in all parts: the shape of my heart. Grant Jones Written at Richmond Beach, January 1964 for Theodore Roethke’s Verse Writing Class 38 The Foot Bridge We built a foot bridge that connects the house to the barn. Sitting on its rim my boots float Like ducks in my creek, Connecting me to the North Pacific’s spinning gyre Like a battery that can turn the world. It changes my body’s tide four times a day. Last night’s moon lifted fresh coconuts Out of the Wailua River on Kauai Island And scattered them up Lumahai Beach to shade its lovers. I’m reborn every time I go to the barn. Grant Jones Written at Coyote Springs Farm, Little Mosquito Creek-Okanogan Sub Watershed, Okanogan River Sub Basin, Columbia River Basin, Washington. 22 March 2014 39 Doe on Pacific Today a deer broke down with stilted gait, ears rowing air, Pacific Avenue, where willow and salal once comforted hearts thumping high, lit up when eagles fell or mountain lion coughed, and headed downhill quick for gullies thicketed, anthologies of leaves, not this gray aggregate this gang of banks where meadow might have been, wild berries wet with rain. Mike Robinson Based on actual incident, Tacoma WA 2010 Written 2010 40 Why Aspens Quake My old quakes are flashing messages. It's time again for rendezvouses I think For swaps and stories and eyes that wink Across the islands, down the braiding bends Where the Little Mosquito marries the Okanogan. Grant Jones Mouth of Little Mosquito Creek on the Okanogan River 41 Praying for Rain I swear it falls in drops so fat those summery drips from hanging sheets on dirt beneath could swamp a pig. Long walks in rain temper the heart, but nobody bottles tears, so pints of pain don’t count unless you mean the tub of blood a heart in ruin weeps. So soak us, make us moist, you lords of mystery, dim our skein of sky, dump recklessly these tons of mist we wander through, splash us with soup that spills, make us run like water all the way home. Mike Robinson Based on a lifetime in Pacific NW, with homage to sudden summer rain, especially. Written 2008 42 Confluences Under a rasty, rolling, rain-chorus sky My aspens quake like the river shakes When long squalls fetch and riffles fly Down the sinuating, waltzing bends Below the Similkameen. Grant Jones Sooyoos Bend Confluence of the Similkameen and the Okanogan Rivers 43 Indians miss boat in artful exhibit “I suppose some people will miss the Indians, just as some people miss Pluto,” Dr. Whiteley said, referring to the recently demoted planet.” * I missed the Indians long before they were missed. Their absence in history museums is nothing new. And who knew Pluto was there to begin with? It probably wasn't the first place in the first place. But I missed the Indians, even when we played them in our backyard, me with my fakey pistol out, two fingers wet with my spit: no wonder my brothers would never die. They were just like those damned Indians. Someday we'll all turn up missing, even the museum, its halls hollow as the Haida canoe that hangs in the entry empty of its owners. Mike Robinson Based on 2010 news item and 12 years as managing editor of newspaper; trips to Vancouver Maritime Museum, Vancouver, BC. Written 2010 44 Doors to Heaven To come up the Clark Fork is like finding doors to Heaven… Up Camas Creek and the Little Bitterroot, Up the Flathead, Up Mission and Post Creek, up Crow Creek, Up the Jocko and up Finley Creek… The mountains so tall they wrap your shoulders like a blanket. The cloud bellies send their warmth to our cheeks. The sky talks to us in many colors. And we feel welcome. Grant Jones Written at St. Ignatius, Montana. May 2001 The Mission Mountains on the Flathead Indian Reservation grab hold of your heart. They are not just the Continental Divide of the Northern Rockies; they are the headwaters of the Columbia Basin; and they connect you without any mountain passes all the way to the Pacific by going down the Clark Fork in western Montana and through the panhandle of Idaho then into the Pend d’Oreille which loops north just inside British Columbia where it then meets with the Columbia as it heads south into Washington just west of Spokane and on to the Pacific west of Portland. 45 What Darwin Meant Rank on this marshy hummock, juncus bufonius fruits best in muck: unlike virginica, the meadow beauty, his name invites disdain, suggests a drunk at the emperor's beck and call, but he won't croak, not even at shaggy jokes, or decorate a wedding like Effusus. Don't look for him tucked in Hazel's vase when prairie summer chases her out to the lake. She prefers hymenocalis, angelic petals broad as chandeliers, hyssop (bacopa rotundifolio), innocent faces peeking up like collared choirboys, or eager pasqueflowers which show before the snow, then die away to daisies, milkvetch, prairie smoke. After they've all gone to seed tough bufonius hangs around, harbors muskrats, cotton mice, voles and whispers what Darwin said: Death to all specialists! Eternity's for toads. Mike Robinson 46 Sluice of My Eyes My eyes have known As slender reeds, As rafts, This estuary shift of life-Slow and silting, Eroding, twisting, Gliding westward always-These most immeasurable layering images, My own: Sluice of my eyes. Grant Jones Dye’s Canyon South Fork Nooksack River Whatcom County, Washington August 1971 47 A Note for Bill Your high song fills our house, holding a note until, one morning in October, your daughter thinks she hears a prairie bird rehearsing, a signal spirits get as you did when you slipped away from earth to go from the kitchen, to gather corn or thumb a berry tucked in a bunch uphill from your old John Deere, the one your son could always get thumping, even when it baffled everyone else, or maybe you just walked down in muddy rubber boots through broken boughs to see a blackbird tipping teazel, where your pasture soaks the feet of Bonny Slope and carp sip swampwater, a hopeless kiss: They'll never sing like you. Mike Robinson Salmon Creek, Felida, WA Written 2008 48 Wet Places to Write Poems and Other Information & Celebrations McConnell Island in the Wasp Islands of the San Juan Islands Archipelago Water Places to Write Poems As students of the most famous poet in the Pacific Northwest, in some ways we were ahead of him, raised on these waters. They became our greenhouse, our garden, a very different one from the orchids and mums of Michigan. We did not borrow his landscapes or his imagery. He wrote Oyster River and The Rose toward the end of his life. What we got from Roethke was reverence for the animate world: "Learn the names of things," he urged. If we learned limpid tide pools and nervous anemone instead of the erotic orchids, they had their own wisdom. We learned, as he suggested, by "going where we had to go,” including up the tributaries of the Columbia into the creeks of the prairie steppes and marshes of the plateaus and highlands of the Great Basin, the other half of Washington State. 49 Lower Columbia Estuary Partnership http://www.estuarypartnership.org/our-work (Skamokawa) Padilla Bay Conservation Area http://www.padillabay.gov Long Island Willapa Bay Refuge http://www.fws.gov/refuge/willapa Nisqually Delta Estuary http://nisquallydeltarestoration.org/nisqually_returns.php Ancient Lakes Wildlife Area http://wdfw.wa.gov/lands/water_access/30103 Elwha River Restoration http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/elwha-ecosystemrestoration.htm Yakima Greenway Path http://www.traillink.com/trail/yakima-greenway.aspx Conboy Lake Wildlife http://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/index.cfm?id=13522 Friends of the Cedar River Watershed http://www.cedarriver.org/the-watershed/municipal/the-cedar-riverwatershed-education-center Duwamish Longhouse http://www.duwamishtribe.org/longhouse.html Mercer Slough http://www.ci.bellevue.wa.us/mercer_slough.htm 50 Inventories of Native Plant Communities & Watersheds Growing up on Puget Sound in the 1940s' and 1950s, we wandered its beaches from Edmonds south to Olympia, the Kitsap Peninsula, and many beaches or river mouths from the Olympic Peninsula and the San Juan's, across the Central Strait of Georgia to Jervis Inlet and up to Princess Louisa. Before long we explored the headwaters of the big rivers and bushwhacked alder thickets and devil's club in hanging bogs below the waterfalls to gasp at mountain lakes tucked in valleys beneath mountain glaciers. Eventually we wandered the upper reaches of the Yakima, Teanaway, Wenatchee and the Icicle, up Lake Chelan to the Stehekin, up the Methow to the Pasayten and the Okanogan to the lakes in the Highlands, or closer to the great Columbia, the Wind, the Toutle, the Washougal, the Klickitat, the White Salmon, and the Cowlitz. Our original interest was simple: we like to play in water. Looking back, we see a deep connection between our curiosity and the life-giving role played by streams, rivers and wetlands in the lives of Native Americans who were here first. We share a reverence for these waters, and for the wisdom they offer those who pay attention The names of those wet places are well-known: Agate Pass (Bainbridge) Alki Point Ancient Lakes Marshlands Apple Cove Boeing Creek Bogachiel River Brace Point Browns Point Buenna Creek Burnt Bridge Creek (Vancouver WA) Cedar River Coronet Bay Covenant Beach at Des Moines Crane Island Tide Flats Deer Creek (Woodway Park) Denman Island (BC) Des Moines Creek 51 Duffy's Point Dumas Bay Sanctuary (Federal Way) Dungeness River Dungeness Spit Duwamish (West Waterway, from South Park to Turning Basic Eagle Harbor (Bainbridge) Ebey's Landing Historical Reserve (Coupeville) Fauntleroy Creek Fisherman's Bay Lagoons Foster Slough (Snohomish) Golden Gardens Hidden Lakes Marshes Hoh River Hunter Bay Hylebos Wetlands Ilabot Lakes Pond Joe's Creek (Federal Way) Kalama River (Kalama WA) Kelsey Creek (Bellevue) Lacamas Creek (Camas, WA) Lakota Creek (Federal Way) Lewis River/Daybreak Park (Clark County) Lincoln Park Little Mosquito Creek Canyon (Okanogan) Lopez Island (San Juans) Miller Creek (Des Moines) Normandy Cove Oyster River (BC) Pipers Creek (Carkeek) Point Defiance (Owens Beach) Point Evans Point Fosdick Point No Point Point Wells Port Madison Possession Point Poverty Bay Priest Point Puget Creek (Ruston Way/Tacoma) Puyallup River (Tacoma Tideflats) Richmond Beach Salmon Creek (White Center) Salmon Creek (Battleground WA) Saltspring Island (BC) Saltwater State Park (McSorley Creek) Satsop River 52 Seola Beach Seahurst Park (Burien) Shilshole Skagit Bay Siouxon Creek (Clark County) Snohomish Slough Tahuya (Hoods Canal) Teanaway River (Cle Elum, WA) Thames Creek (Dash Point) Theler Wetlands Tolmie State Park Three Tree Point (Pulley Point) Useless Bay (Whidbey) Wapato Creek Washougal and Little Washougal Rivers (WA) Watmough Bight (San Juans) West Point Willapa River Wind River (Skamania, WA) Woodard Bay Woodmont Beach Yakima River (Yakima, WA) SOME PEOPLE DEDICATED TO WETLANDS & WATERSHEDS Note: In creating this list, we purposely omit all government, university, or well-known national environmental groups. We appreciate their work, but they can take care of themselves. Our purpose is to invite you to live and act locally, on the watershed(s) near you. We believe the smaller grassroots efforts are the most nimble, accessible, and least hampered by regulatory language or internal politics. We may have overlooked other groups, but if you're concerned about a specific stream or wetland, ask around. These folks probably know where to get help. Bainbridge Island Watershed Council http://www.biwatershedcouncil.org Chehalis Basin Partnership http://www.co.grays-harbor.wa.us Cowiche Canyon Conservancy http://www.cowichecanyon.org Duwamish River Cleanup Coalition 53 http://www.duwamishcleanup.org Fauntleroy Watershed Council http://www.fauntleroy.net Fennel Creek Preservation Group http://www.fennelcreek.org Friends of The San Juans http://www.sanjuans.org Hood Canal Environmental Council http://www.hoodcanalenvironmentalcouncil.org Jefferson Land Trust http://www.saveland.org KWIAHT (San Juan Islands Watershed Protection) http://www.kwiaht.org Methow Valley Citizen's Council http://www.okanogan1.com/mvcc/index.html Nisqually River Council http://www.nisquallyriver.org Nisqually Stream Stewards http://www.nisquallyriver.org/stewards/index.html North Olympic Land Trust http://www.northolympiclandtrust.org Okanogan Highlands Alliance (OHA) http://www.okanoganhighlands.org Okanogan Land Trust (OLT) http://www.okanoganlandtrust.org/home.html Olympic Park Associates http://www.drizzle.com/~rdpayne/opa.html Partnership For Rural King County http://www.prkc.org Puget Creek Watershed Alliance http://www.pugetcreekwatershedalliance.org 54 Sequalitchew Creek Watershed Council http://saveourcreek.info South Sound Estuary Association http://sseacenter.org Skagit Watershed Council http://www.skagitwatershed.org Whidbey Watershed Stewards http://www.whidbeywatersheds.org Kettle Range Conservation Group http://www.kettlerange.org Skagit Watershed Council http://www.skagitwatershed.org Nisqually Land Trust http://www.nisquallylandtrust.org Clallam Conservation District http://www.clallam.scc.wa.gov Homewaters Project http://www.homewatersproject.org Friends of the Cedar River Watershed http://www.cedarriver.org Whidbey Watershed Stewards http://www.salmonadventure.org Clallam Conservation District http://www.clallam.scc.wa.gov Quileute Natural Resources http://www.quileutetribe.org Dungeness River Management Team http://www.olympus.net/community/dungenesswc The Xerces Society http://www.xerces.org 55 Water Books "....men are only fellow-voyagers with other creatures in the odyssey of evolution. This new knowledge should have given us, by this time, a sense of kinship with fellow-creatures; a wish to live and let live; a sense of wonder over the magnitude and duration of the biotic enterprise. Above all we should, in the century since Darwin, have come to know that man, while captain of the adventuring ship, is hardly the sole object of its quest, and that his prior assumptions to this effect arose from the simple necessity of whistling in the dark." --Aldo Leopold Amidon, Jane (2007), Grant Jones/Jones & Jones ILARIS: The Puget Sound Plan (Princeton Architectural Press, New York Belleville, Bill, River of Lakes: A Journey on Florida's St. John's River (especially, "Fire,Water and Friendship in the Night" --essay on Florida's Mosquito Lagoon) Dillard, Annie (1992) The Living. Harper Collins, 2009. Daubenmire, R.F. (1959) Plants & Environment (Wiley) Eiseley, Loren, (1970) The Invisible Pyramid. Scribners; The Immense Journey (especially "The Snout"); (1978) The Star Thrower ("How Flowers Have Changed the World"); The Last Neanderthal; The Inner Galaxy. Harcourt Brace Enno, Erik Beyond the Outer Tides: The Untold Story of Ed Ricketts Fairbridge, Rhodes (1968) The Encyclopedia of Geomorphology. Columbia University, Reinhold Books Gilfillan, Merrill, Magpie Rising (essays) Hoagland, Edward, The Courage of Turtles; Early in the Season; Hoagland on Nature ( see especially "In Okefenokee"); Walking the Dead Diamond River Jones, Grant R. (1973) The Nooksack Plan: An Approach to the Investigation and Evaluation of a River System. Jones & Jones Jones, Grant (2007) What Rocks Know: Selected Poems, Skookumchuck Press, Jones & Jones Pioneer Square 56 Jones, Grant, Editor (2009) Okanogan Poems Vol. 1 Baumgardner, George; Jones, Grant; Rylander, Roger; Schroth, Dean; Wolf, Edward; Skookumchuck Press, Jones & Jones, Pioneer Square Jones, Grant, Editor (2013). Okanogan Poems Vol 2 Seventeen Poets; Baumgardner, George; Baumgardner, Patti; Bill, Katherine; Blair, Michael; Cook, Jessie; Goodwin, Bob; Henze, Walter; Jones, Chonghui; Jones, Grant; Jones, Victoria; Robinson, Mike; Rosenblatt, Roger; Rylander, Roger; Smith, Kathleen; Swedberg, Dale; Thorne, Todd; Vaughn, Sandy. Skookumchuck Press, Jones & Jones; Pioneer Square Leopold, Luna B; Dunne,Thomas Water Planning Lopez, Barry (2006), Editor Home Ground,Trinity University Press McGuane,Thomas, Seasons Through the Net (writing about fly-fishing all over America). The Longest Silence (especially his account of fishing beaver ponds). McGuane is a Riverkeeper in Montana Matthiessen, Peter (1959) Wildlife in America Matthiessen, Peter (1986) Men's Lives: The Surfmen and Baymen of the South Fork Matthiessen, Peter (1992) Baikal: Sacred Sea of Siberia Roethke, Theodore, The Rose; "A Meditation at Oyster River (Collected Poems) Stegner, Wallace (1954) Beyond the 100th Meridian: John Wesley Powell and the Second Opening of the West University of Nebraska Press. Thoreau, Henry David, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden (especially the chapter on Spring) "Every time we walk along a beach some ancient urge disturbs us so that we find ourselves shedding shoes or garments or scavenging among seaweed and whitened timbers like the homesick refugees of a long war." --Loren Eiseley 57 “The Twenty-Glaciers River of the Pacific” 10 regions, 40 sub regions and 100+ Rivers (parent rivers of each sub region appear in Upper Case letters and those rivers inhabited with their own glaciers are marked by an asterisk*) The West Strait of Juan de Fuca Region neah bay sub region: SEKIU port san juan sub region: SAN JUAN clallam bay sub region: PYSHT west coast sub region: JORDAN crescent bay sub region: LYRE sooke harbor sub region: SOOKE port angeles harbor sub region: ELHWA* victoria harbor sub region: ESQUIMALT The East Strait of Juan de Fuca Region cordova channel/saanich inlet sub region: COWICHAN smith island sub region: CLOVER dungeness bay/sequim bay/discovery bay sub region: DUNGENESS, JOHNSON and SALMON The Hood Canal Region lower hood canal sub region: THORNDYKE dabob bay sub region: BIG QUILCENE* and TARBOO north central hood canal sub region: DOSEWALLIPS,* DUCKABUSH,* HAMMA HAMMA and SEABECK south central hood canal sub region: JORSTAD, LILLIWAUP and DEWATO great bend sub region: SKOKOMISH, TAHUYA and UNION 58 The San Juan Archipelago Region Bellingham bay/padilla bay sub region: NOOKSACK* and SAMISH boundary pass sub region: COWLITZ central san juan sub region: MASSACRE, SWIFT and DOE rosario strait sub region: BURROWS, HORSESHOE and STRAWBERRY haro strait sub region: SAN JUAN The South Strait of Georgia Region alden bank sub region: DAKOTA point roberts sub region: SERPENTINE gulf islands sub region: FORD nanaimo bay/fraser delta sub region: SQUAMISH, FRASER* The Central Strait of Georgia courtney harbor/jervis inlet/princes louisa sub region: SKWAWKA,* DESERTED, The North Strait of Georgia desolation sound/bute inlet sub region: HOMATHKO,* BISHOP* The North Sound Region admiralty inlet sub region: CHIMAKUM possession sound sub region: QUILCEDA, SNOHOMISH, SKYKOMISH* and SNOQUALMIE* port susan sub region: STILLAQUAMISH* and WHITEHORSE* sarasota passage sub region: ELGER, RACE and CRESCENT skagit bay sub region: SKAGIT,* SAUK* and SUIATTLE* 59 The Central Sound Region north central sound sub region: DEER mid central sound sub region: BOEING, PIPER, SAMMAMISH, LONGFELLOW, GREEN, FAUNTLEROY port orchard/dyes inlet sub region: BARKER, CLEAR, CHICO, GORST, BLACKJACK south central sound sub region: SALMON, DES MOINES, LAKOTA, JOE’S, CALEDONIA, HYLEBOS, PUYALLUP,* WHITE,* CARBON* The South Sound Region nisqually reach sub region: CHAMBERS, NISQUALLY,* MASHEL, MUD, HUGE, BURLEY, ARTONDALE case/henderson sub region: COULTER, ROCKY, SHERWOOD, SHUMACHER, WOODLAND pickering/squaxin/budd/eld sub region: DESCHUTES, PERRY hammersley/little skookum/totten sub region: SKOOKUM, KENNEDY, SNODGRASS, GOSNELL, MILL, DEER, JOHNS, CRANBERRY 60 Water Words The first word is not water....though wetlands begin and end in water...The first word is life, because in watersheds is where our ancestors crawled ashore . Both poets got their feet wet first in one of the boggy acres north or south of Seattle along the rocky beaches of Puget Sound. We try to hold those places in mind even now when we walk a wet place. There is a technical flavor to many terms attached to watershed science and wetland management, a lingo common to bureaucrats and sometimes shaped by the regulatory tone of legislation and the guilt of mitigation. We respect that separate language and its use, but believe it stifles the sense of reverence we both find in the well-known poem by Gerard Manley Hopkins: "What would the world be, once bereft, of wet and of wildness? Let them be left." alluvial fans: similar to deltas, they are broad fanlike collections of sediment that form as streams emerge from rugged terrains onto flatter surfaces. The fan is built by continual braided stream action. Larger alluvial fans have graded patterns. The coarsest material is deposited at canyon mouths, while lighter material flows outward, creating a fan shape. arroyo: ravines, from big to little, cutting the flat layers of valley deposits, often home to seasonal or fulltime streams 61 artificial nourishment: beach or sand replenishment to replace sediment (usually sand) lost through longshore drift or erosion. Replenishment may shelter upland structures and infrastructure from storm surges or high tides. Examples include seawalls, breakwaters or revetments. backshore: area lying between the average high-tide mark and the vegetation, affected by waves during severe storms. backslough: a permanently inundated marshy or boggy area. bar: material deposited along the banks of a stream at points where the velocity slows, leaving some of the sediment load. Bars are often made up of gravel or sand particles. Seasonal flooding will disrupt them and redeposit the material. barchan: a crescent-shaped sand dune formed by tidal action at a delta; also may occur in deserts, formed by wind. beach: the zone above the waterline at a shore of a body of water, marked by accumulation of sand, stone, or gravel deposited by the tide or waves. bog: An area having a wet, spongy, acidic substrate composed of sphagnum moss and peat in which shrubs and herbs sometimes grow. ETYMOLOGY Irish Gaelic: boggan for soft fen, low land overflowed, or covered wholly or partially with water from springs, producing sedge, coarse grasses, or other aquatic plants.. ETYMOLOGY: Proto-IndoEuropean: pankas, mud braidworks: in braided streams, the water has lost its main channel and flows through a wandering network of rivulets around sandbars. The channels are usually wide. Braiding results when a midchannel bar splits the flow, diverting the stream, which erodes stream banks. Braidworks are the consequence of high bed loads moving through softer materials. Distributaries in a delta also are braided. canyon: (see also arroyo, ravine): a narrow chasm of steep walls, cut by running water. 62 cattails: popular name for various perennial rushes or flags of the genus Typha latifolia, having long straplike leaves and a dense cylindrical cluster of minute flowers and fruits. Also called "reed mace". cobbles: stones rounded by the action of water, often used in rockery work or paving. Smaller cobbles are pebbles; larger ones are boulders. In stream erosion cobbles often are dislodged. As they are carried downstream, they dislodge other cobbles. The process is called "saltation" (cf. somersault). coulee: a gulch or small dry ravine carved out by water erosion and crumbling rock; this includes larger dry canyons forged by melting Pleistocene glacial floods that leave underfit steams seeming too small for now dry valleys. deltaic cusps: the triangular projections, often in layered series, formed by depositing streams along sandy beaches depositing stream: sediment load is deposited, eroded, and redeposited many times along a stream, as bars or floodplain deposits. distributaries: a channel or stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream, a common feature of river deltas. Distributaries occur as a stream nears a lake or the ocean, but can occur inland, on alluvial fans or when a tributary stream bifurcates as it nears its confluence with a larger stream. drops: (see falls) duckweed: popular name for various small, free-floating, stemless aquatic flowering plants of the genus Lemna, growing in close, often carpetlike colonies on the surface of quiet water. Also called "duckmeat". eddy: a current of water that runs back, or in an opposite direction to the main current. Often a circular current, a whirlpool. Eddies commonly occur where stream and tidal action mix, or where subsurface obstacles or landforms are located. 63 equilibrium beach: beaches are dynamic; waves generally diffract near a beach when the beach is in a state of static equilibrium. Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the beach sediments are deposited and eroded at approximately equal rates. Unstable beaches are usually a result of human interaction, such as a breakwater or dammed river. Unstable beaches are reshaped by continual erosion or deposition. estuary: the mouth or lower course of a river flowing into the sea, subject to tides; enlargement of a river channel near the mouth, where tidal movement is prominent; often marked by salt marshes; an incubator for fish; vital habitat for shorebirds. Etymology: aestus (tide, surge, heat) falls: interruptions in river flow. Over time, rivers erode irregularities in their flow. A waterfall indicates the progress of erosion. A cataract involves large volumes of water. Falls of lesser height are cascades, sometimes meaning a series of small falls. gallery forests: rows of overhanging trees along a stream in the middle of a savanna grassland or prairie steppe. Their intertwining canopies form green tunnels, corridors over shady water. For wildlife they connect wetter places by providing links across open dry expanses. glades: small, open though protected light-filled clearings in the woods, ideal for bedding down by animals or lunching humans. gorge: a deep, narrow passage with steep rocky sides (see arroyo) gulch: small canyon or ravine cutting through hill-slope materials. gully: small gulch through hill-slope materials littoral drift: the littoral or shore zone of the sea refers to a belt of prevailingly shallow water near the coast; it varies in width from 50 or 60 to a few hundred miles, and carries deposited material from streams along the coast. 64 looped-meanders: a meander is any sinuous, repetitious pattern of bends in the flow of a stream. In some cases rivers with exaggerated circular loops develop secondary meanders; that is, meanders on meanders. marsh: a water-soaked or partially overflowed land without trees; wet, miry, or swampy ground; a piece of low ground usually wet by reason of mature stream: a late stage in the development of a stream (see young stream)_ old stream: (see young stream) overflow, or scattered pools; often nearly or wholly dry in certain seasons; Low land subject to overflow by the tides. > ETYMOLOGY Old Dutch: maersc for Meadow. oxbows: (see meander): a stream bed is shaped by erosion on the outside of a curve and by deposition on the inside. This forms a gentle curve into a hairpin shaped meander. Meanders change location, shifting back and forth across a valley or migrating downstream. An oxbow is formed when a meander begins to close on itself and the stream breaks through. This cuts off the meander, leaving a body of water shaped roughly like a U (the shape of an oxbow). percolation: the slow movement of water through permeable soil or rock pollywog: another term for tadpole. "Pol" meaning head, and "wog" from wiglen, "to wiggle." rapids: sections of a river where the bed has a relatively steep gradient, causing an increase in water velocity and turbulence. Rapids are rated in velocity between a "run" and a "cascade." riffle: a rocky shoal or sandbar just below the surface of a stream. 65 rill: a narrow, shallow incision in topsoil, resulting from erosion. Rills often are early signs of erosion. They may lead to larger features like gullies, streams, or rivers. Sandy soils are susceptible to the formation of rills. Dense clays resist rill formation. rip channel: rip channel development happens when jet-like rip currents develop in random locations along a coastline. They are sharpedged, trough-like channels extending across the surf zone. Their plumes may extend beyond the surf zone if sediment transport is not in equilibrium with local conditions. roche moutonnee: a rock hill shaped by the passage of ice to give a smooth up-ice side and a rough, plucked and cliff-girt surface on the down-ice side. saddle: concave drop in a skyline ridge, or a smooth pass between humplike summits that resemble breasts, the low point along a divide between two watersheds, where water can trickle in two directions. sand spit: when a stream entering the ocean is unable to carry the full load, much of the sediment is dropped, forming sand bars. This allows longshore or littoral drift, which carrie sediment in the direction the waves are breaking, forming an above-water spit. Spits occur when longshore drift reaches a section of headland where the turn is greater than 30 degrees. They will continue into the sea until water pressure (from a river, etc.) is too great to allow sand to deposit. The spit may become stable enough to support vegetation. A salt marsh may develop. sand waves: large, ridgelike structures resembling a water wave on the upper surface of sedimentary beds formed by water or wind. skunk cabbage: popular name for symplocarpus, having a reddish hornlike spathe in earliest spring, followed by a cluster of large cabbagelike leaves. It exhales a disagreeable odor. Also called swamp cabbage. stable stream: one that remains in equilibrium as to the amount of water and sediment it carries. An unstable stream can no longer handle the load it carries. Braided channels often indicate excessive sediment load. An unstable stream becomes wider over time. 66 stacked meanders: a pattern found on flatter surfaces, where braided channels form, distinct from individual meanders storm beach: a beach affected by fierce waves, usually with a long fetch. The resultant often very steep--up to 45 degrees and composed of rounded cobbles, swash line: upper limit of an active beach, the line reached by highest sea level during storms. The lower beach margin is beneath the water surface. tadpole: larval stage of a frog. Etymology: "taddle" for frog and "pol" for head. thalweg: the line indicating a natural watercourse, having everywhere the direction of greatest slope; i.e. the path a stream is most likely to follow. toad rush: popular name for Juncus bufonius, a low-growing annual rush common on damp, low-lying ground. washes: cuts through flat layers of valley deposits (see arroyo) wind gaps: gorges abandoned by parent streams young stream: streams have a profile that begins with steep gradients, no flood plain, and little shifting of channels. In their initial stage they are "young," but evolve into streams with low gradients, wide flood plains, and extensive meanders. In the later state they become a "mature" or "old" stream. stream load: the solid matter carried by a stream . Erosion continually removes mineral material from the bed and banks of the stream channel, adding this material to the regular flow of water. "Bed load" refers to the gravel and sand deposited along the stream bed. swamp: a forested wetland, partially or intermittently inundated. The two main types of swamp are "true" or swamp forests. In Canada, the term is muskeg. Water may be salt or fresh. zone of saturation: the area below the water table, in which all pores and fractures are saturated with water. 67 The Authors Grant Jones Mike Robinson Skookumchuck Press Jones & Jones, Ltd. Pioneer Square Seattle ISBN: 0-9796495-7-9