Vocabulary 1-13
Define 5 words from each lesson. (5 x 13 = 65) Choose the ones you have the most trouble with.
Write a sentence with 10 of those 65 words.
Appositives
Characteristics of the Appositive Phrase
Appositive phrases are noun phrases that identify adjacent nouns or pronouns. They can occur as
sentence openers, subject-verb splits, or sentence closers. They typically begin with the words a,
an, or the.
Examples are in bold.
Sentence Openers
1. One of eleven brothers and sisters, Harriet was a moody and willful child.
2. A balding, smooth-faced man, he could have been anywhere between forty and sixty.
3. A short, round boy of seven, he took little interest in troublesome things, preferring to remain
on good terms with everyone.
Subject-Verb Splits
4. Poppa, a good quiet man, spent the last hours before our parting moving aimlessly about the
yard, keeping to himself and avoiding me.
5. A man, a weary old pensioner with a bald dirty head and stained brown corduroy
waistcoat, appeared at the door of a small gate lodge.
6. Van'ka Zhukov, a boy of nine who had been apprenticed to the shoemaker Alyakhin three
months ago, was staying up that Christmas eve.
Sentence Closers
7. The boy looked at them, big black ugly insects.
8. Hour after hour he stood there, silent, motionless, a shadow carved in ebony and
moonlight.
9. He had the appearance of a man who had done a great thing, something greater than any
ordinary man would do.
Identifying Appositive Phrases. Write the appositive phrase in each of the following sentences.
1. Queen Victoria, one of England's greatest monarchs, ruled for sixty-three years.
2. Jane made the salad, a tossed one with French dressing.
3. Harvey Jensen, the pro at the country club, is giving me golf lessons.
4. James Hilton's book, Lost Horizon, has been filmed twice.
5. Chemistry, Sue's favorite subject, is easy for her.
6. Jerry is visiting in Peoria, his old home town.
7. Mr. and Mrs. Miller, our neighbors for the past eight years, are moving to Dallas.
8. Have you ever read The Red Pony, a novel by John Steinbeck?
9. Groucho Marx, the star of many film comedies, also had his own television show.
10. The boys repaired our television set, an eighteen-year-old portable.
11. The poem, one of Robert Frost's best, is called "The Death of the Hired Man."
12. I can't find my notebook, the one I use for history class.
13. Dick's new suit, a gray flannel one, makes him look much older.
14. We enjoy walking, an exercise which requires no great skill.
15. The theater, an old and drafty one, is nevertheless always crowded.
16. My math teacher, Miss Holmes, has taught for twenty years.
17. The garage, a two-car one, is attached to the house.
18. My sister, a graduate of the University of Iowa, is now studying law.
19. Our dog, a cocker spaniel, is ten years old.
20. Mrs. Norbert, the president of the company, will speak at the dinner.
Prepositions
Characteristics of the Prepositional Phrase
Prepositional phrases are sentence parts that describe people, things, or actions. Most begin
with one these prepositions: in, before, after, at, down, across, inside, outside, between,
within, behind, on, by, under, around, down, into against, near, through, to, like, except, over,
up, without, with, toward, of, by, for. Most prepositions are easy to identify because they are
difficult to define. Sentences can contain single or consecutive prepositional phrases
anywhere in the sentence.
I.
Look at the following examples:
Single Prepositional Phrases
9. In that place, the wind prevailed.
10. At the bottom, he looked glumly down the tunnel.
11. With a quick, guilty hand, she covered the tear, her shoulders bunching to hide her face.
Consecutive Prepositional Phrases
1. In a hole in the ground, there lived a hobbit.
2. Across the street from their house, in an empty lot between two houses, stood the rock pile.
3. In the shade of the house, in the sunshine on the river bank by the boats, in the shade of the
sallow wood and the fig tree, Siddhartha, the handsome Brahmin's son grew up.
Write the preposition in each sentence.
( 1 ) It is not polite to talk during the movie!
( 2 ) All the eggs broke except one.
( 3 ) I was searching for my keys all morning.
( 4 ) There were celebrations throughout the world as the painful war ended.
( 5 ) They continued to work until the whole house was painted.
( 6 ) The balloon floated quietly above the city.
( 7 ) You cannot board the plane without your ticket.
( 8 ) The baseball rolled underneath the van.
( 9 ) Adam flopped himself upon the couch.
(10) Black smoke rose up the chimney.
(11) The box broke open and marbles started bouncing down the stairwell.
(12) The children tumbled off the bed.
(13) The shop manager puts the newest games near the front entrance.
(14) Your car is too big to fit in that parking space.
(15) I felt something wet fall on my head.
Write the prepositional phrase from each sentence.
( 1 ) It is time you did something for yourself.
( 2 ) The baseball sailed right over the tall fence.
( 3 ) The car behind us is following too closely.
( 4 ) It is not polite to talk during the movie!
( 5 ) Eric raced to the back yard where the other kids were playing.
( 6 ) Laura climbed the tall ladder without fear.
( 7 ) We sang along with the band.
( 8 ) I gave up searching for a solution at midnight.
( 9 ) Crazy Richard took his math test with a bright green crayon.
(10) There were celebrations throughout the world as the painful war ended.
(11) There was a big battle at this location centuries ago.
(12) The speeding truck is coming toward us!
(13) You can fit several smaller boxes into one big box.
Characteristics of the Participial Phrase
Participles describe nouns or pronouns. Present participles always end in ing. Past participles
usually end in ed. In the following examples, the nouns or pronouns are underlined, the participles
are capitalized, and the rest of the participial phrases are in green.
Present Participles
She was quite far from the windows which were to her left, and behind her were a couple of tall bookcases,
CONTAINING all the books of the factory library.
Minute fungi overspread the whole exterior, HANGING in a fine tangled web-work from the caves.
Standing there in the middle of the street, Marty suddenly thought of Halloween, of the winter and
snowballs, of the schoolyard.
Professor Kazan, wearing a spotlessly white tropical suit and a wide-brimmed hat, was the first ashore.
He walked to the corner of the lot, then back again, studying the simple terrain as if deciding how best to
effect an entry, frowning and scratching his head.
Past participles
1. In six months a dozen small towns had been laid down upon the naked planet, FILLED with
sizzling neon tubes and yellow electric bulbs.
2. The tent ILLUMINED by candle, glowed warmly in the midst of the plain.
3. Enchanted and enthralled, I stopped her constantly for details.
4. The other shoji slammed open, and unseen, Buntaro stamped away, followed by the guard.
j. Her hair, braided and wrapped around her head, made an ash-blond crown.
Participles can occur as sentence openers, subject-verb splits, or sentence closers.
Sentence Openers
1. Whistling, he let the escalator waft him into the still night air.
2. Looking over their own troops, they saw mixed masses slowly getting into regular form.
3. Amazed at the simplicity of it all, I understood everything as never before.
Subject-verb Splits
4. My father, cautioning me not to work a horse till he had fed fully, said I had plenty of time to eat
myself.
5. Eckels, balanced on the narrow path, aimed his rifle playfully.
6. The sight of Mick's exploring beam of light, flashing and flickering through the submarine
darkness a few yards away, reminded him that he was not alone.
Sentence Closers
7. The entire crowd in the saloon gathered about me now, urging me to drink.
8. She called to him, excited.
9. The magician patted the hand, holding it quietly with a thumb on its blue veins, waiting for life to
revive.
Write the participial phrase from the following sentences.
1. Having been on the road for four days, the Todds were exhausted.
2. That hymn, sung by many generations of churchgoers, is my favorite.
3. Climbing slowly, we approached the top of the hill.
4. Surprised by my question, Mrs. Osmond blushed.
5. Phil, worn out by his long trip, slept for twelve hours.
6. Watching me closely, the dog came toward me.
7. Staring out the window at the rain, Bob became more and more impatient.
8. Having been hurt in the first game, Al sat on the bench for the rest of the season.
9. The plates, brought from Denmark by my grandmother, are on display in the dining room.
10. The cookies, baked this morning, were all gone by five o'clock.
11. Having come out in the cool night air, Mr. Troy looked up at the sky.
12. The children, waiting for the play to begin, grew bored.
13. Working hard all day, the boys finished the job by dinner time.
14. Driven from their homelands, many people each year seek refuge in the United States.
15. Jumping up and down, the cheerleaders urged the team on.
16. The basketball team, encouraged by its performance in the semifinals, went on to the finals.
17. Having recorded the results of the experiment, Kate closed her notebook.
18. We saw an old woman walking up the path.
19. Having been told of her job offer, Kathy smiled happily.
20. Having spent each afternoon at the beach, Alice soon had a nice tan.
Literary Terms and The Crucible
Apply 10 of your literary terms to The Crucible.
Ex. The protagonist is John Proctor because he is the main character in the play.