Kaellin Guarin
Dominic Casey
Brian Carter
Josh
Period 4
Chapter 1
The 3 stages of interphase are G1 which is when the cell is
functioning normally and begins to grow in size. The nuclear
envelope begins to break down, S phase which is where the cell
DNA Replicates, G2 phase is where the mitotic spindle made from
cytokinesis form.
Anaphase
Cells that stay in G0 are nerve cells smooth muscle cell, and cardiac cells. For young people it takes skin 2 to 4 weeks to regenerate. For older people it takes 4-­‐6 weeks for the cell to stay in each phase. Upon receiving a pro-­‐mitoGc extracellular signal, G1 cyclic-­‐CDK complexes become acGve to prepare the cell for S phase, promoGng the expression of transcripGon factors that in turn promote the expression of S cycling and of enzymes required for DNA replicaGon. n cells without a nucleus (prokaryoGc), the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus (eukaryotes), the cell cycle can be divided in two brief periods: interphase—during which the cell grows, accumulaGng nutrients needed for mitosis and duplicaGng its DNA—and the mitosis (M) phase, during which the cell splits itself into two disGnct cells, oWen called "daughter cells".
Chapter 2
The organs in our body are made up of
cells. Cells divide and multiply as the body
needs them. When these cells continue
multiplying when the body doesn't need
them, the result is a mass or growth, also
called a tumor. Carcinogens we are exposed
to everyday are sunlight and smoke
Cells
Chapter 3 Mitosis
The purpose of Mitosis is the process of cell division and occurs in only Soma7c. The type of cell that goes in this process is Soma7c or Body cells. There are four phases of Mitosis. In Prophase, Centriole pairs move toward opposite poles and move chromosomes. Spindle Fibers begin to extend from centrioles and Chromosomes form and become visible. Nuclear Membrane breaks down and Nucleolus disappears. In Metaphase, Spindle Fibers from the Centrioles align the chromosomes along the middle of the cell. In Anaphase, the Chromosomes separate into Chroma7ds and move to opposite sides of the cell. In Telophase, Chroma7ds arrive at opposite poles of the cell and new nuclear membranes form around the chroma7ds. Chromosomes are cell structures that carry the gene7c material that is copied and passed from genera7on to genera7on of cells. Chroma7ds are either of the two strands joined together by a single centriole. Spindle Fibers are cell structures comparing of microtubule fibers. It forms between the Centrioles during Prophase. Parent Cell is giving rise to daughter cell by cell. A Daughter Cell has the same Chromosome number and are otherwise iden7cal to the Parent Cell. Nuclear Membrane are double layered membrane surrounding the nucleus of Eukaryo7c cells separa7ng the nucleoplasm from cytoplasm. Humans have a diploid number of 46.
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Chapter 4
The purpose of meiosis is to increase
the genetic variation. There are
viable cells are produced by males.
The total chromosomes if meiosis did
not occur would be 46 if meiosis
didn’t occur for 5 generations the
number of chromosomes would be
12.
Chapter 5
Crossing-­‐over occurs in Prophase I of meiosis, when homologous chromosomes line up next to each other. They break and switch pieces at this 7me, which results in chromosomes with new combina7ons of genes. It's important because it allows the forma7on of new individuals with new combina7ons of characteris7cs. Chromosomes are the threadlike part of a cell that carries the genes .Chroma7d is one of two iden7cal chromosomal strands into which a chromosome splits longitudinally preparatory to cell division. Crossing over is the interchange of corresponding chroma7d segments of homologous chromosomes with their linked genes .Tetrad are a group of four chroma7ds formed by synapsis at the beginning of meiosis .Spindle Fiber are the structure that separates the chromosomes into the daughter cells during cell division. It is part of the cytoskeleton in eukaryo7c cells. Depending on the type of cell division, it is also referred to as the mito7c spindle during mitosis and the meio7c spindle during meiosis. Centrioles are small, cylindrical cell organelle, seen near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most eukaryo7c cells, that divides in perpendicular fashion during mitosis, the new pair of centrioles moving ahead of the spindle to opposite poles of the cell as the cell division.
Parent Cell is the source of other cells, as a cell that divides to produce two or more daughter cells, or a stem cell that is a progenitor of other cells or is the first in a line of developing cells. Daughter Cells are either of the two cells formed when a cell undergoes cell division by mitosis. Daughter cells are gene7cally iden7cal to the parent cell because they contain the same number and type of chromosomes. Diploid are organism or cell having double the basic haploid number of chromosomes.
Chapter 6
The main purpose of Meiosis 2, are organisms sexually reproduce which results in gametes with one half the number of Chromosomes of the parent cell.
Chromosome is a long s7ngy aggregate of genes that carries heredity informa7on and is formed from condensed chroma7n. Chroma7d is one half of two iden7cal copies of a replicated Chromosome. Crossing over occurs between equivalent por7ons of two non-­‐sister Chroma7ds. Tetrad forms during Prophase 1 of Meiosis. Spindle Fiber aggregates of microtubules that move Chromosomes during cell division. Centrioles in animal cells, two pair of centrioles formed from the replica7on of one pair are located outside of the nucleus. Haploid ends of Meiosis 2, four daughter cells are produced. Each of these resul7ng is Haploid. Daughter Cells has one half of the number of Chromosomes as the Parent Cell. Chapter 7
Mitosis occurs in humans, animals, plants, and fungi. It produces Diploid two daughter cells. Mitosis’s process is sexual reproducGon. Meiosis occurs in all organisms. It produces four Haploid daughter cells. Meiosis is the type of Cellular RespiraGon which the number of Chromosomes are reduced by half through the separaGon of Homologous Chromosomes.
Meiosis produces four daughter cells and Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells.