CH 5 LAB: PERIODIC LAW (CHEM.A.2.3)
Purpose: In this experiment, you will use your knowledge of periodic properties and a list of clues to
correctly arrange the elements from a scrambled periodic table. You will also predict values for any
information missing from the table.
Theory: The present organization of the elements is a product of the first periodic table published by
Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. However, the basis of his arrangement was the atomic masses of the
elements. This approach proved incorrect, as it would have placed some elements in a family with
dissimilar properties. Henry Moseley rearranged the table on the basis of the atomic numbers of the
elements. In accordance with Moseley’s revision, the Periodic Law states: the properties of the elements
are periodic functions of their atomic numbers. Each of the 118 known elements has it’s own set of
characteristic properties. The elements are arranged within the periodic table into groups and periods.
This arrangement reflects the periodic or repeating nature of the properties of the elements.
Materials:
1. Use the following clues to arrange the elements in their proper order in the blank table provided.
The following sets of elements belong together in groups:
- ZRD, PSIF, JXBE, LHT, QKA, WOV, GUN, YMC
- J has an atomic number three times that of T.
- U has a total of six electrons.
- I2A is the simple formula of an oxide. (Compound with an atom from group 16)
- P is less dense than S.
- S is an alkali metal.
- E is a Noble gas.
- W is a liquid
- Z has the smallest atomic mass in its set.
- B has ten protons.
- O has an atomic number larger than V.
- D has the largest atomic mass of its set.
- C has five electrons in its outer energy level.
- F is a gas.
- X has an atomic number one higher than F.
- L is an alkaline-earth element with atomic mass of 40.
- Y is a metalloid.
- O is a halogen.
- The atomic mass of T is more than that of H.
- Q has an atomic mass 2 times that of A.
- Atoms of I are larger than those of S.
- M has an atomic number one less than that of A.
- The electrons of atom N are distributed over three energy level.
- The atomic radius of K is the largest of the set.
2. Some information is missing from each block. Use your knowledge of periodic properties, and from
the information below, to predict the values for the missing items from the location of the element on
the periodic table. Place your predictions on your table in periods 5 and 6.
Data: Attach Periodic Table on next clean page in notebook.
*Conclusion: In conclusion, the location of an element on the periodic table is based on it’s ________.
*Questions:
1. Define the following words:
a. Density
b. Atomic Radii
c. Oxidation Number
d. Melting Point
2. Examine your completed table. What general observations can be made of trends within rows and
groups for the following properties:
a. Density
b. Atomic Radii
c. Melting Point
3. List four physical properties that distinguish metals from nonmetals.
4. List the reasons for the location of sodium in the periodic table.
5. Using your periodic table from this lab, place the following in order in increasing electronegativity:
A, B, C, D, E
Example:
Atomic #
Symbol
Density
___
___
.0014 A
___
___
gas
.0009 B gas
____
___
___
1.82 C ___
____
___
___
5.90 D ___
_____
Atomic Radii
Letter
Phase
Oxidation #
Melting Point °C
___
___
___
.0018 E gas
_____
____
0.066
___
-218
___
.862 I ___
_____
0.237
0.160
249
-
___
0.115
___
.0037 J
gas
_____
64
2.07 Q ___
_____
0.198
___
___
157
2.70 R ___
_____
0.104
0.143
___
___
44
___
___
0.122
___
29.8
___
4.79 K ___
_____
1.55 L ___
_____
0.114
0.197
217
___
.971 S
_____
___
___
0.191
189
___
___
.0013 M
gas
_____
839
1.74 T ___
_____
0.160
0.077
___
gas
_____
-
0.070
___
___
210
2.27 U ___
_____
___
___
.00009 F
0.053
___
___
259
2.33 N ___
_____
0.117
1410
___
___
.0016 V gas
_____
___
___
5.32 G ___
_____
___
___
1.85 H ___
_____
0.123
937
0.111
1278
___
___
___
___
.003 O gas
_____
.534 P ___
_____
0.099
101
-
0.152
181
___
___
___
___
3.12 W
.00018X gas
_____
liquid
_____
113
___
___
5.7 Y ___
_____
0.125
817
___
___
9.75 ? ___
+3, +5
660
___
___
2.34 Z ___
___
_____
___
0.083
2079
___
___
1.87 ? ___
____
271
0.265
28
___
___
___
___
___
11.3 ? ___
+2, +4
2.54 ?
+2
0.175
0.215
98
___
?
1.53
769
649
___
___
7.31 ? ___
+2, +4
+1
0.141
0.248
39
___
6.24 ? ___
___
+2, +4, +6
0.155
328
0.192
450
___
___
6.69 ? ___
+3, +5
232
___
___
7.31 ? ___
+1, +3
0.163
3550
0.136
___
___
4.93 ? ___
-1
157
631
0.128
0.072
___
-219
___
.0059 ? gas
0
0.218
112
-
___
___
11.85 ? ___
-1, -3
0.170
304
0.111
-7
___
___
___ ? ___
-1
0.122
272
___
___
19.8 ? ___
-2, +4
0.14
302
0.167
___
___
___
.0097
0
0.22
71
-
? gas
254
___
3.5 ? ___
+2
-
725