Projekt Nové kompetence žáků v odborném vzdělávání
Č. projektu: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/02.0008
Coursebook for the study branch:
Management of sport
Made by: Mgr. Barbora Lysá
Mgr. Eva Šimečková
Management of sport
1
CONTENT
SPORT MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTIONS ..........................................................................................................................5
INTRODUCING MYSELF ............................................................................................................5
INTRODUCING SPORTS MANAGEMENT .................................................................................7
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................12
BASIC SPORTS BUSINESS TERMS ...........................................................................................13
SPORTS MANAGEMENT .........................................................................................................13
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................16
SPORTS MARKETING..............................................................................................................17
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................22
NEW MEDIA and SPORTS .......................................................................................................23
MY CAREER .................................................................................................................................24
SPORT MANAGER ...................................................................................................................24
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................26
COACH .....................................................................................................................................26
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................28
SPORT ..........................................................................................................................................31
Why do people do sport? ...........................................................................................................31
HISTORY OF SPORT ...................................................................................................................33
SPORT CATEGORIES..................................................................................................................34
INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM SPORT ..............................................................................................34
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................36
PASSIVE SPORT ......................................................................................................................36
ACTIVE SPORT - RECREATIONAL, COMPETITIVE AND PROFESSIONAL (ELITE) SPORT .38
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................38
AMATEUR AND PROFESSIONAL SPORT ...............................................................................39
SPORT BRANCHES .....................................................................................................................41
ATHLETICS ...............................................................................................................................45
GYMNASTICS...........................................................................................................................47
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................47
FOOTBALL – SOCCER.............................................................................................................48
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................53
ICE-HOCKEY ............................................................................................................................54
VOLLEYBALL............................................................................................................................59
TENNIS .....................................................................................................................................60
BASKETBALL ...........................................................................................................................61
WORDLIST – SPORTS .............................................................................................................62
2
THE HUMAN BODY .....................................................................................................................67
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................68
SPORT INJURIES .....................................................................................................................71
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................73
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................74
PRINCIPLES OF SPORT TRAINING............................................................................................75
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................78
HEALTHY DIET ............................................................................................................................79
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................83
WORDLIST ...............................................................................................................................85
SPORT IN THE REGION ..............................................................................................................86
SUCCESFUL CZECH ATHLETES ................................................................................................92
OLYMPIC GAMES ...................................................................................................................... 102
OLYMPIC SYMBOLS .............................................................................................................. 103
WORDLIST ................................................................................................................................. 106
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 110
Special thanks to Ing. Dravec for technical help and completing the formal side of the textbook.
3
SPORT MANAGEMENT
Sport management is a branch of education about business aspect of sport. Some examples of
sport managers include the front office system in professional sports, college sport managers,
recreational sport managers, sports marketing, event management, facility management, sports
economics, sport finance, and sports information. Many colleges and universities offer bachelors
and masters degrees in sport management
Graduates of Sports Management at the Secondary School of Business and Services in Jihlava will
gain skills and qualification for organizing activities at economic departments of enterprises of
different forms, especially in sport. They will be able to work at the management and marketing
departments of sports organizations, clubs and sports associations. Students might be employed at
business companies and take part in management of leisure time activities. They will be prepared
to carry out economic, commercial and administrative activities as sports managers' assistants,
marketing assistants and later even as economists and managers of sports facilities.
4
INTRODUCTIONS
INTRODUCING MYSELF
GREETING
INTRODUCTION
RESPONSE
Hello
Let me introduce myself.
Pleased to meet you.
Good morning / afternoon
My name is.........
I'm ..........
How do you do?
I'm ..........
Nice to meet you.
Let me introduce....
My name is......
INTRODUCING SOMEONE ELSE
Could you introduce me
to..........?
Of course, let me introduce you
to......
Have you met......?
I'm sorry. This is.....
Let me introduce you two. This
is.......
Meet Mr / Mrs ......
Nice to meet you.
Come and meet.......
Very nice to meet you.
Make a dialogue with your friend using the phrases above.
5
Here are some questions that you could ask a new friend, colleague or client if you want to
be friendly and start the conversation:
Opening questions:
Is this your first trip to Prague?
How was your trip?
When did you arrive?
Where do you come from?
How do you find the weather here?
Are you staying long?
Can I get you anything for drink?
How do you find Brno? / What do you think of Brno?
Which hotel are you staying in?
Who are you? Introduce yourself to other people:
Hello, my name is ........
I am a ......
I study at the Secondary School of Business and Services in Jihlava.
I study Sports Management.
I train ........
I would like to be a ..........
6
INTRODUCING SPORTS MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCE YOUR STUDY BRANCH
What do you study?
Where do you study?
What is your study branch?
What subjects do you study?
What are your favourite subjects?
DIALOGUE
Peter and Dan are friends, they haven't seen each other for a long time. Dan has just passed his
final Maturita exam at Secondary School of Business and Services and Peter is interested in his
studies.
Peter: Hello Dan, I've heard you have passed your secondary school-leaving examinations, how
did it go?
Dan: Hi Peter, yes, I have. It was quite hard, but I managed to pass all right, some subjects were
more difficult but it all went well in the end.
Peter: Great, congratulations. So where did you study? And what study branch?
Dan: Thank you. I studied at the Secondary School of Business and Services in Jihlava and my
study branch was Sports Management.
Peter: And why did you decide to study there?
Dan: Well, this study programme offers many possibilities to get a good employment in economic
departments of various companies, for example management and marketing of sports
organizations, clubs or sports associations.
I can also get a job at various sports centres, leisure-time facilities or I can become a coach
assistant or work as an assistant of a sport manager. But one of the main reasons was that
because I like sports and especially football. My school cooperates with local football club and we
had our trainings and school schedule organised.
Peter: That sounds really interesting. Was it difficult?
Dan: Some of the subjects were more difficult, for example Maths, Economics or Accountancy.
7
Peter: And what were your favourite subjects?
Dan: Law, Management and Marketing were very interesting for me, and I enjoyed Information
Technologies, and also Sports Management in English was good.
Peter: And what about going to university? Do you plan any further studies?
Dan: Yes, I do. I would like to study at the Faculty of Sports Studies in Brno, Prague or in Olomouc.
Peter: And what about your sport career?
Dan: Well, I had quite good results at school and I did well in our few last football matches, so I
hope I might be drafted by the local club. I will see :)
Peter: Good, so good luck at your entrance tests and at football.
Dan: Thanks a lot!
Answer the following questions:
1.
What kind of exam did Dan pass?
2.
Where did Dan study?
3.
Why did he decide to study there?
4.
What were his favourite subjects?
5.
What are his future plans?
8
Decide if the following statements are true or false:
1.
The secondary school-leaving exam was easy.
2.
Dan decided to study at Secondary School of Business and Services in Jihlava because he
likes football.
3.
Dan’s favourite subject was Maths.
4.
Dan didn’t like Sports Management.
5.
He wouldn’t like to study at a university.
Match the Czech and English version:
I am a student.
Hodlám být profesionálním fotbalistou.
I train hard to be a professional
sportsman.
Studuji, abych byl/a sportovní manažer/ka.
I will be a professional sportsman.
Rád bych byl profesionální hokejista.
I study to be a sports manager.
Tvrdě trénuji, abych byl profesionální
sportovec.
I am going to be a professional
football player.
Jsem student/ka.
I would like to be a professional icehockey player.
Budu profesionální sportovec.
What would you say in the following situations?
1. Your boss says to you: “This is Mr. Williams, he is visiting us from England.”
You:
2. Your friend says to you: “Do you know Peter? He is our new team-mate.“
You:
3. Your new business client asks you: “Can you introduce me to your boss?”
You:
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4. You've been introduced to someone by name, but later on, you can't remember the
person's name.
You:
5. Your friend introduces you to his colleague: „Come and meet John.“
You:
6. An HR specialist asks you at the entrance interview: “Can you specify your
studies?“
You:
Put the following dialogues into the correct order:
Dialogue 1
Really? What did you expect?
No, I've been to the States before, but this is the first time in Chicago.
So what do you think of Chicago?
Fine, I'll see what I can arrange.
Well, it's not what I expected.
Oh, that won't be a problem. I'll take you to my party on Friday and introduce you to
my friends.
Well, I suppose I thought that I would meet more people here.
That would be nice of you.
Is this your first trip over here? (1)
KEY
Is this your first trip over here?
No, I've been to the States before, but this is the first time in Chicago.
So what do you think of Chicago?
Well, it's not what I expected.
10
Really? What did you expect?
Well, I suppose I thought that I would meet more people here.
Oh, that won't be a problem. I'll take you to my party on Friday and introduce you to
my friends.
That would be nice of you.
Fine, I'll see what I can arrange.
Dialogue 2
I'm sure. I hope to get back again.
That's a pity. There's a lot to see.
Good. Are you here on business then?
Are you staying long? (1)
Really? That's interesting.
No, just a couple of days.
Yes, we are thinking of signing some contracts here.
KEY
Are you staying long?
No, just a couple of days.
That's a pity. There's a lot to see.
I'm sure. I hope to get back again.
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Good. Are you here on business then?
Yes, we are thinking of signing some contracts here.
Really? That's interesting.
WORDLIST
Accountancy
účetnictví
Arrange
zařídit / domluvit / sjednat
Colleague
kolega
Demanding
náročný
Expect
očekávat
Graduate
absolvent, absolvovat
Introduce
představit (se)
sign a contract
podepsat smlouvu
Suppose
předpokládat
team-mate
spoluhráč
12
BASIC SPORTS BUSINESS TERMS
SPORTS MANAGEMENT
Sport management is a branch of study about the business aspects of sport.
The work of a sport manager includes activities at the front office in professional sports. It means
dealing with clients, marketing, sales, services, organizing events and others. Sport managers may
work in the field of college sports, recreational and leisure time sports, sports marketing, event
management, sponsorship, facility management, sports economics, finance and sports information.
Sport Broadcast
Sport Broadcasting – and sport television in particular – is one of the primary (if not the primary)
driver of the business of sport. It includes sport television, sport radio and web casting. While some
leagues are still gate-driven (dependent primarily on ticket sales to make a profit), leagues such as
the NFL receive more money from television rights than any other revenue stream.
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Sport Law
Contract management – both with highly-paid players and with sponsorship and other commercial
agreements, including broadcast contracts – has become a defining characteristic of the business
of sport. For that reason, in addition to increasing importance placed on finance, marketing and
salary cap professionals in recent years, lawyers and legal specialists have emerged as critical
players in most professional sport organizations.
Sport Licensing
Sport licensing covers everything from the licensing of merchandising rights (i.e. Reebok having
the rights to market and sell replica jerseys in the NHL) to the licensing of video games (EA Sports
licensing the FIFA name and logo for FIFA 11, as an example). It entails the formal process of
issuing a license, typically governing sales or marketing or branding rights. In the business of sport,
licensing almost universally involves written permission or consent in the form of a license. The
vast majority of Sport Licensing in North America is in the area of sport merchandising or apparel
by manufacturers or professional leagues or collegiate institutions.
Sport Media
Sport Media typically includes newspapers, television, radio, magazine and their online
applications. The branch of the business of sport has expanded significantly since 1995 and the
rise of Internet, and with it, sport web sites and blogs.
Sport Sponsorship
In most sport organizations, Sport Sponsorship accounts for a significant percentage of revenues,
often second only to ticketing in gate-driven businesses and third behind ticketing and broadcast in
the most sophisticated of leagues which carry strong broadcast partnerships.
Sport Television
Sport television is the primary distribution channel for the sports entertainment sector and is by far
the primary driver of revenues for leagues such as the National Football League in the U.S. It is the
way most fans "consume" professional sport, in some cases by a factor of 20:1 compared to inarena attendance.
14
QUESTIONS
1.
What are the duties of a sport manager?
2.
What does the term “a sport broadcast” refer to?
3.
Based on the text, explain the difference between a sport law and a sport licensing.
4.
Name at least three types of a sport media.
5.
Explain (in your own words) the basis of a sport sponsorship.
6.
Is watching sport events on TV popular?
ACTIVITIES
Making a presentation
The classroom will be divided into six groups. Each group will have a different topic and will have
to prepare a presentation on the given topic. The topics for the presentations are:
1.
A Sport Manager – choose a famous sport manager and describe his/ her job and add your
own opinion (if you would like to work as a sport manager and why)
2.
The Advantages of Working as a Sport Manager
3.
The Disadvantages of Working as a Sport Manager
4.
Sport Media – you should include some information about sport newspapers, radio,
magazines and online applications
5.
A Sport Sponsorship – explain the basis, add some famous examples, add your own
experience and opinions
6.
A Sport Television – name some examples of Czech as well as foreign sport television, add
some interesting information, statistics…
15
WORDLIST
Include
zahrnovat
deal with
jednat s
Field
pole působnosti
Receive
obdržet
Rights
práva
revenue stream
zdroj příjmů
Emerge
objevit se
Cover
pokrýt, pokrývat
Entail
mít za následek
Involve
zahrnovat
Permission
povolení
Consent
souhlas
License
dát povolení
Expand
rozrůst, rozšířit se
Significantly
výrazně, významně
account for
mít podíl, tvořit
Sophisticated
důmyslný, propracovaný
16
SPORTS MARKETING
Sport Marketing is the engine that drives the business of sport.
Sport marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses on the promotion of sports events and
teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports
teams.
The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other
than sport through sports. Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the
consumer.
The Sports Marketing Mix
The marketing mix is the strategic combination (mix) of four elements called the four (4) P’s.
These are:
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
Reaching the optimal combination depends on manipulating each of these variables until they are
17
right for a product.
The four C’s, that change all of the time are:
Consumer
Competitor
Company
Climate
As a result of the continuous change of the 4 C’s continuous monitoring and research is needed.
Product
The product is what the sport marketing business is trying to sell. The challenge is to
create the right product offering for the right target market.
The product can be manipulated. For example, beach volleyball can be played in 2,3,
or 4 player format.
Price
Price is the exchange of value for a product
Price can be manipulated by promotion e.g. 2 for 1
Price can be altered by quantity/quality
Place
This is the process of getting the sport product to the consumer.
Place is also called distribution.
The right place means where the sports consumer shops, travels or is.
The distribution of a sports product can be changed. One can purchase season
tickets to various sporting events through many different ticket outlets.
18
Promotion
Promotion includes advertising and other promotional methods
The goal of promotion, regardless of type used is always the same to create enough
interest in a product so that the consumer will purchase it.
Television commercials, print ads, direct-mail, giveaways are forms of promotion
What is the marketing mix?
Product, Price, Promotion, Place
Complete the correct expressions:
(satisfy),
(Price),
(image),
(design), (rival), (commercials), (radio spots), (Product),
(posters),(newspaper advertisements), (threats), (labels), (Promotion), (materials), (Place),
(distribution),
(public
relations),
(end-users),
(strengths),
(competes),
(weaknesses),
(opportunities).
The marketing mix consists of “the four Ps“: providing the customer with the right P________1 at
the right P ___________2 , presented in the most attractive way – called P__________3 and
available in the easiest way – P_____________4.
What is „a product“?
A product is not just an assembled set of components: it is something customers buy to
s__________5 a need they feel they have. The i___________6 and the d____________7 of the
product are important.
What is „price“?
The product must be priced so that it c____________8 effectively with r__________9 products in
the same market.
What is „promotion“?
The product is presented to customers through advertising (e.g. TV c_____________10, r
_____________11,
n_______________12,
p____________13,
packaging
(e.g.
design,
l___________14, m____________15, publicity, P.R. (_________________16 and personal
selling.
19
What is „place“?
Your product must be available to customers through the most cost-effective channels of
d__________17. A consumer product must be offered to e_____________18 in suitable retail
outlets, or available on hire purchase or by mail order.
What is meant by „SWOT“?
A firm must be aware of its S____________19 and W______________20 and the
O____________21 and T_____________22 it faces in the market place.
KEY
1 (Product), 2 (Place), 3 (Promotion), 4 (Price), 5 (satisfy), 6 (image), 7 (design), 8 (competes), 9
(rival), 10 (commercials), 11 (radio spots), 12 (newspaper advertisements), 13 (posters), 14
(labels), 15 (materials), 16 (public relations), 17 (distribution), 18 (end-users), 19 (strengths), 20
(weaknesses), 21 (opportunities), 22 (threats)
Sport marketing is divided into three sectors:
1.
The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics, Spanish
Football league, NHL, etc.
2.
The second concerns the use of sporting events, sporting teams and individual athletes to
promote various products.
3.
The third is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation.
4.
In the first case, the promotion is directly related to sports. In the second case, the products
can but do not have to be directly related to sports.
When the promotion is about sports in general, the use of this kind of strategy is called
“Marketing of Sports”.
When the promotion is not about the sports but about sports events, athletes, teams or leagues
promote different products, the marketing strategy is called “Marketing through sports.”
To promote the products or services, the companies and associations use different channels such
as sponsorships of teams or athletes, television or radio advertisement during the different
20
broadcast sports events and celebrations, and/or advertisement on sporting venues.
One element that sport marketing takes advantage of is that athletes tend to be brand loyal and
fans tend to be loyal to their favourite athletes and teams. The players and athletes sign
contracts with sports companies in which they get paid to wear or use their products in each
game or sporting event. By doing so, the players and athletes and also their fans develop a loyalty
to the products for a longer time.
Q:
What does “Marketing of Sports” mean?
What does “Marketing through sports” mean?
21
WORDLIST
engine
hnací síla
to be altered by
změněný (čím)
subdivision
(pod)sekce
purchase
zakoupit, nakoupit
focus on
zaměřit se na
regardless
bez ohledu na
promotion
Reklama
direct-mail
reklamní leták
goal
Cíl
giveaway
reklamní dárek
provide
Poskytnout
end-user
koncový uživatel
reach
Dosáhnout
be divided into
být rozdělený do
depend on
záviset na
concern
zabývat se
ethical
mravní, morální
increase participation
zvýšit účast
legal
právní, zákonný
take advantage of
využít, využívat
constraint
Omezení
tend to
klonit se k něčemu
consumer
Spotřebitel
brand loyal
být oddaný jedné
značce
competitor
Konkurent
to meet the needs and uspokojit potřeby a
wants of the consumer přání spotřebitele
target
Cílový
to be directly related
to
primo se vztahovat k
něčemu
22
NEW MEDIA and SPORTS
The days when sport could only be watched at a few television channels have long gone. Sport
and media are connected. Many television channels broadcast important sport events so we can
watch them.
Internet is also a very important medium. It allows fans to access the latest news about their
favourite team, sport or event. The technology is growing rapidly. Thanks to the development of
technologies there are more sports texts and new styles of sports writing.
The new media explosion also breaks the border between gaming and reality. There are many
ways how to broadcast sports events, for example: high definition and 3D television, IPTV, mobile
phones, YouTube, web streaming, digital radio, iPlayer, games consoles, and social networking
sites.
Fans use Social Media channels not only to consume information but also to create and interact.
Facebook, Twitter, Linkedln, Digg, Blogspot, Wordpress, and Flickr are examples of popular social
networking channels that fans are used to interact with their teams, individuals or companies
related to their teams
There are about 200 million active users in Twitter. There are official accounts of celebrities which
helps users interact with them easier and safely. World-wide famous football player Kaká has an
Official Twitter page which is followed by 2,598,450 people. (January 15, 2013 statistics). It is an
amazing number for sponsors which are trying hard to reach millions of the specific segment.
Lance Armstron, famous cyclist, has numerous of social networking account which helped him get
a new sponsor for Tour de France.
23
MY CAREER
SPORT MANAGER
BEFORE READING…
A/ Try to remember some of the activities a sport manager can do. Name at least three and
discuss them in class.
B/ Try to remember some of the advantages of this job. Name at least three and discuss
them in class.
C/ Try to remember some of the disadvantages of this job. Name at least three and discuss
them in class.
Sports managers coordinate all business activities for the team that employs them. During the
playing season they work seven days a week. When they work for college or professional teams
they stay in their office while the team travels to away games. A few who have been in the
business for many years travel with the team from city to city, but they are the exception.
During the off-season, the manager is busy negotiating trades and signing contracts with agents,
players, guest players and organizing the players' transfers. The sports manager or general
24
manager, as they are sometimes called, signs all players to the professional team. According to
one successful manager, “It is more important to know which deals not to make than which deals
you should make.” This is often the most delicate aspect of the job, as a manager must make deals
that satisfy the owners, without alienating any of the players.
Managers who work for a professional sports team draft the young players every year. They work
closely with the coach and scouts to determine which players are the most talented, economically
feasible, and play positions the team needs. Managers must do this while keeping an eye on the
team’s budget. They are in charge of everyone’s salary, from the coach and players down to the
assistants. They also make financial arrangements for travel, equipment, and uniform purchases
and must factor into their budgets players' injury and the possible team success that leads to
additional playing and travel costs.
Sports managers have to participate in press conferences and explain the reasons for their
decisions to the media, without giving away their intentions for the future. They may be the subject
of both complimentary and critical press reports which they must be able to ignore. When they sign
a great player, they are considered heroes. When a respected player leaves the team or slides into
a losing streak, managers are often seen as contributing to the team’s downfall. Managers should
expect to be dismissed or forced to relocate a number of times during their careers. For all of these
reasons, this is a highly stressful job.
Sports managers should, of course, love the game they are managing and should have experience
playing or coaching it. Most managers have spent time as an assistant to a manager or coach
while in high school and college. Most managers begin managing local school teams, work their
way up to the college level and eventually work with professional athletes. Some may have a
degree in physical education, with a business minor, which allows them to handle the business
aspects of their work. For managers of professional teams, a business degree is recommended.
The manager should be familiar with contract laws, economics, and accounting. There are no
licensing requirements for managers. They may belong to an organization or association of
managers in their particular sport.
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE?
All sport managers always work seven days a week.
A sport manager always travels with the team he is working for.
A sport manager is not busy during the off-season.
To work as a sport manager might be stressful.
A sport manager working for a professional team should have a university degree.
25
WORDLIST
coordinate
koordinovat
deal
dohoda, obchod
playing season
hrací sezóna
sign
podepsat smouvu
exception
výjimka
responsibility
zodpovědnost
away game
zápas venku
budget
rozpočet
off-season
mimo sezónu
expect
očekávat
busy
zaneprázdněný
explain
vysvětlit
negotiate
vyjednávat
arrange
zařídit, dojednat
alienate
znepřátelit
complimentary
pochvalný
purchase
nákup
losing streak
série proher
COACH
BEFORE READING…
A/ What should a good coach be like? Name at least three attributes.
B/ What are the duties of a coach? Name at least three.
C/ How do you understand the term “a coaching style”?
26
A coach organizes practice schedules and develops playing strategies for the team.
Coaches usually have three objectives when coaching their athletes:
1.
To have a winning team
2.
To help young people have fun
3.
To help young people develop physically, psychologically and socially
Successful coaches know the difference between their objectives for the contest, their objectives
for their athletes’ participation, and their personal objectives.
We can distinguish various coaching styles - such as authoritative style, submissive
style, democratic style, cooperative style, liberal style, etc.
Authoritative Style - all the decisions without any input from his/her athletes. This style may help
the athletes learn to follow orders, but will not necessarily help the young athletes develop thinking
skills and personal qualities. Also, because one person is making the decisions, athletes may rebel
against the coach and not follow the coach’s demands. Also, the athletes are told what to do but
not necessarily why they are doing it.
Democratic Style - a coach outlines the training requirements to the athletes, defines the training
conditions, invites ideas or suggestions from the athletes, makes the decision based on the
athletes' suggestions, lets the athletes brainstorm to explore possible solutions
Command Style – commanding coaches make all the decisions. They give instructions to the
athletes, who in turn listen and carry out the instructions. This style of coaching is often likened to
‘a dictator’ and is a style that is being used less and less. The command style is useful however
when establishing rules and safety parameters.
Submissive Style – a coach using the submissive style provides little direction and instruction.
This form of coaching is also known as the ‘babysitting style’. Coaches who base their philosophy
on the submissive style are sometimes perceived as lazy and uninterested. A time when the
submissive style can be used is when your players or athletes are taking part in a small game for
fun or as part of a warm down.
Cooperative Style – this is the most modern and most effective style of coaching. The athletes are
given the freedom to share decisions with the coach. The style resembles a teacher-pupil
relationship where feedback given from the athlete can steer the direction of the lesson. It allows
athlete’s to set their own goals and gives them a greater sense of involvement. The challenge of
this form of coaching is finding a balance with when you should direct the athlete and they should
direct themselves.
27
UK athletics identify the following coaching styles:
Telling - primarily the coach uses instruction and explaining
Showing - primarily the coach uses demonstration
Involving - primarily the coach allows self discovery and questioning to raise the
athlete's awareness
Successful coaches must have good knowledge of the sport sciences, sport management, and
techniques and tactics. Successful coaches rank their objectives in the right priority. To be
successful, coaches adopt a coaching style compatible with those objectives. There are three other
attributes of successful coaches: knowledge of the sport, motivation, and empathy.
Q:
What coaching styles do we distinguish?
What are the coach's objectives?
WORDLIST
practice schedule
rozvrh tréninků
playing strategy
herní strategie
exceptional player
vyjímečný hráč
contest
soutěž, závod
technique
technika
tactic
taktika
28
ACTIVITIES
Make a presentation on your favourite coach. You might speak either about a famous coach, or
your favourite coach (someone you know personally). The presentation should include:
1.
a brief summary of his/ her biography
2.
a brief summary of his/ her career and success
3.
a description of his/ her coaching style
Write a correct name to each picture.
……………………….
………………
………………………
……………………..…..
………………………….
……………………………….
29
B/ Fill in the sentences with a correct expression – a sport manager or a coach.
…………………………………….. is also busy during the off-season.
……………………………………..organizes practice schedules.
……………………………………..develops a playing strategy for the team.
……………………………………..must keep an eye on the team's budget.
……………………………………..must have good knowledge of the sport.
……………………………………..is sometimes forced to make a decision under pressure.
C/ Based on the text, try to guess the correct name.
The person is a former Czech professional tennis player currently working as a
coach of the Czech Fed Cup Team.
The person used to be a very famous Czech professional ice hockey player. After
quitting his sports career, he started to work as a coach of the Czech national ice
hockey team. He had a car accident in 2004 and died.
This sportsman is connected with Jihlava. He was born in Havlíčkův Brod and
became a successful ice hockey player. Later on, he also worked as a coach's
assistant of the Czech national ice hockey team.
KEY
A/ Vladimír Šmicer, Petr Novák, Jaroslav Navrátil, Slavomír Lener, Lubor Blažek, Jozef Chovanec
B/ a sport manager, a coach, a coach, a sport manager, a coach, a sport manager
C/ Petr Pála, Ivan Hlinka, Josef Augusta
30
SPORT
SPORT is an outdoor or indoor game, competition, or activity where people need physical
effort and skill and usually carried on according to rules.
In organised sport, records of performance are often kept, and for popular sports, this information
may be widely announced or reported in sport news. Sport is a major source of entertainment for
participants as well as for non-participants.
Why do people do sport?
People do sport because they want to keep-fit, improve their physical and mental fitness and
health. They want to be flexible, have strong muscles, shape their body, experience new feelings,
meet their friends. People who do sports want to spend their free time actively, sport is their
hobby. Sport gives people enjoyment, happiness, friendship, satisfaction, health, fitness,
popularity, the feeling of victory and success.
31
Are there any negative sides of sport?
Sometimes sport may be boring, cause sadness, sorrow, disappointment, fatigue or exhaustion. In
case that the safety rules are not followed, sport may cause injuries, illness, and in some cases
even death.
QUESTIONS TO DISCUSS
Why do you do sport? What does sport mean to you?
When you do sport in your free time for fun, for example with your friends, is it
always necessary to follow the rules? Why?
Why are there negative sides in sport? How can you prevent them?
From what age should children start doing sports?
32
HISTORY OF SPORT
The history of sports probably extends as far back as the existence
of people. The early history of sports often involved the preparation
and training for war or hunting. There were sports games that
involved the throwing of spears, stakes, and rocks, and of course
lots of play-fighting. The first records or documents in the history of
sports take us back at least 3 000 years. Chinese were engaged in
sporting activities as early as 2000 BC. Gymnastics was a popular
sport in China's ancient past. Monuments to the Pharaohs indicate
that a number of sports, including swimming and fishing, were welldeveloped and regulated several thousands of years ago in ancient
Egypt. Other Egyptian sports included javelin throwing, high jump,
and wrestling. Ancient Persian sports had a close connection to the
warfare skills. Among other sports that originate in ancient Persia
are polo and jousting. Ancient Greece introduced formal sports,
with the first Olympic Games in 776 BC, that included sports such
as human and chariot races, wrestling, jumping, disk and javelin
throwing, and more.
Sports have been increasingly organised and regulated from the
time of the ancient Olympics up to the present century.
Industrialisation has brought more leisure time to the citizens of
developed and developing countries, so people could attend and
follow spectator sports and also could participate in athletic
activities. These trends continued with the advent of mass media
and global communication. Professionalism became prevalent,
further adding to the increase in sport's popularity as sports fans
began following the exploits of professional athletes through radio,
television, and the internet.
33
SPORT CATEGORIES
INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM SPORT
An individual sport refers to a sport in which participants compete as individuals.
The sports in this category usually have individuals, rather than teams, as participants, although it
is possible to create a team competition in any sport by combining the results of several individual
competitors or by having team members who take turns to play.
A team sport includes any sport which involves players working together towards a shared target.
A team sport is an activity in which a group of individuals, on the same team, work together to
accomplish an ultimate goal which is to win. This can be done in a number of ways such as
outscoring the opposing team.
Team members set goals, make decisions, communicate, manage conflict, and solve
problems in a supportive, trusting atmosphere in order to accomplish their objectives.
This can be seen in sports such as football, American football, rugby, hockey, ice-hockey,
basketball, volleyball, tennis, water polo, handball, cricket and many others.
34
Team sports usually involve strategic planning, good preparation, and a mental and physical
strength of each individual that is part of the team.
Team sports rely on all of the players working together equally in order to succeed the task.
Being part of a team sport requires a good deal of dedication, hard work, also a good leadership of
the team is important to reach success.
However, some types of team sports do not involve team-mates facilitating the movement of a ball
or similar item in accordance with a set of rules, in order to score points.
For example, Swimming, Rowing, Sailing, Racing, Track and Field among others are also team
sports. In other types of team sports there may not be an opposing team or point scoring, for
example, Mountaineering. Instead of points scored against an opposing team, the relative difficulty
of the climb or walk is the measure of the achievement.
QUESTIONS TO DISCUSS
What are the advantages and disadvantages of individual sports in comparison with
team sports?
Why do you think that the team sports are more popular than individual
sports?
How do you feel when your team loses the match but you know you did your best to
win?
What qualities does an athlete have to have to be a good individual
sportsman/sportswoman?
What qualities does an athlete have to have to be a good team-mate?
Is Formula 1 racing a team or an individual type of sport? Why? Can you think ofn
any similar sport like that?
35
WORDLIST
refer to
vztahovat se k
strength
síla
participants
účastníci
rely on
spolehnout se na
compete
soutěžit
equally
stejně
take turns
střídat se
dedication
oddanost
target
cíl
achievement
úspěch, výsledek
outscoring
vyskórovat
accomplish an ultimate dosáhnout vrcholného
goal
výsledku
preparation
příprava
require
vyžadovat
PASSIVE SPORT
Besides taking an active part in sport, it is also possible just to watch sport events as a spectator or
TV watcher, or to bet money on certain sport results. Passive sport is also important because
spectators and fans can encourage sportsmen and players and this way they help to improve their
performance. Spectators can be one of the income sources for sport clubs too.
36
QUESTIONS TO DISCUSS
How can the fans support the sports teams or individual athletes?
How do you feel when the fans support you?
What are the ways of cooperation of the sport clubs and their fans?
What do you think of hooligans?
What do you think of the penalties for clubs whose fans misbehave?
37
ACTIVE SPORT - RECREATIONAL, COMPETITIVE AND PROFESSIONAL
(ELITE) SPORT
Recreational sport can be also called sport for all and is done for various reasons, but mainly for
fun and entertainment in leisure time. People are becoming health-conscious and do recreational
sport activities and various keep-fit exercises to maintain or improve their physical and mental
health. They want to be more flexible, strengthen and shape their body, etc. Some people desire to
learn new skills or experience new feelings. There are also social reasons for participation in sport,
for example meeting with friends.
Competitive sport is done mainly for performance, for achieving good results in competitions,
defeating opponents and becoming the winner or record holder. People who do competitive sport
train hard and regularly and participate in various forms of competitions. They are organised and
belong to different sport teams, clubs, associations or federations.
The highest level of competitive sport is professional sport (elite sport, top performance sport). It
lasts many years to become an excellent sportsman. Such a process means years of everyday
hard training and effort, years of pain and stress as well. Financial and social background is a
necessity. Elite athletes are often professionals who make living through sport. They follow
principles of sport training to make progress, including various regeneration programmes.
Professional sport is also linked with a serious problem – doping, the use of illegal substances to
improve performance.
WORDLIST
health-conscious
být si vědom svého
zdraví
to be linked with
být spojen s
maintain
udržovat
background
zázemí
mainly
hlavně
illegal substances
zakázané látky
38
QUESTIONS FOR YOU AND YOUR FRIENDS
QUESTION
Do you prefer individual or
team sports? Why?
Which individual sport do you
like doing?
Which team sport do you like
doing?
Which sports do you like doing
just for fun?
Have you ever done a
competitive sport? Which
one?
Would you like to do sports
professionally? Why? Why
not?
Are you an active or a passive
sportsman?
How often do you watch
sports news?
YOU
YOUR PARTNER
AMATEUR AND PROFESSIONAL SPORT
Amateur sports are sports in which participants are engaged for enjoyment and satisfaction from
the activity. They train and compete in their leisure time, usually after work or at weekends. They
are not paid for practising sports.
Professional sport is a paid form of participation in sport events. Professional athletes make living
through sport, do sport as a job and are paid to compete in sport. They usually train full-time. They
sign contracts with different organisations or companies, have to train regularly, participate in
competitions, promote the employer or his/her products, take part in press conferences, advertising
campaigns, etc.
There is a difference between amateur sporting participants and professional sporting participants,
who are financially rewarded for the time they spend playing or training. In the majority of sports,
the professionals participate at a higher standard of play than amateur competitors. However, the
majority of worldwide sporting participants are amateurs.
The Olympic Games started with a principle of amateur competition with those who practiced a
sport professionally considered to have an unfair advantage over those who practiced it only as a
hobby. Following the 1988 games, the IOC decided to make all professional athletes eligible for the
39
Olympics, with only boxing and wrestling still competed on an "amateur" basis, although this
revolves around rules, and not payment.
Mass media have brought larger audiences, so that sports organizations or teams can command
large incomes. Professional sport is perhaps the only activity that defies the commercial norm. The
media expect to be paid for carrying publicity for non-media organizations; in professional sport
they are expected to pay for the privilege of doing so. As a result, more sports-people can afford to
make athleticism their primary career, they can devote the training time to increase skills, physical
condition, and experience modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped increase
the popularity of sports.
QUESTIONS TO DISCUSS
What are the good reasons to do sport according to you?
How much would you be willing to devote to sport?
Is taking drugs or doping to increase the athlete's performance justifiable? What do
you think of it?
What do you think of high salaries of the professional football players, ice-hockey
players, golfers and other professional sportsmen, do they deserve such financial
rewards?
40
SPORT BRANCHES
We can group sports according to the use of similar physical activity, technique, equipment,
environment or sport facility.
Track and Field Athletics
Gymnastics:
general gymnastics, artistic gymnastics (apparatus gymnastics), rhythmic gymnastics, acrobatics,
trampoline
Games:
Ball games
(football, handball, rugby, basketball, volleyball)
Goal games
(football, handball, basketball, hockey, ice hockey)
Racquet games
(tennis, table tennis, badminton, squash, baseball, softball, golf)
Aquatics:
swimming, diving, synchronised swimming, water polo
Water sports:
Canoeing and kayaking (whitewater events and flat water events), rafting
Surfing, windsurfing, sailing and yachting
Rowing and sculling
Cycling sports:
road cycling, track cycling, cyclo-cross, mountain biking, cyclo-trial, BMX, indoor cycling (artistic
cycling, cycleball)
41
Ski sports:
Alpine skiing, Nordic skiing (cross-country skiing, ski jumping, biathlon, Nordic combined),
Freestyle skiing,
Snowboarding
Sports on the ice:
figure skating, speed skating, short track, ice hockey, curling, bobsleigh, luge, skeleton
Technical sports:
Air sports: parachuting, paragliding, hang gliding, aerobatics
Motor racing, motorcycle racing, rally, motor-cross,
Scuba diving, water skiing, power-boating
Shooting, archery
Combat sports and Martial Arts:
wrestling, boxing, judo, karate, taekwondo, kung fu, aikido, fencing, sumo
Outdoor sports:
skiing, snowboarding, cycling, canoeing, rafting, windsurfing, climbing, orienteering, hiking
Equestrian:
horse racing/ the turf, steeplechase, chariot races, show jumping, dressage, military
Combined sports:
Modern Pentathlon (shooting, fencing, swimming, show jumping, cross-country run), Triathlon
(swimming, cycling, cross-country run), Biathlon (cross-country skiing, shooting), Nordic Combined
(cross-country skiing, ski jumping), etc.
42
is interested in gymnastics
is good at ball games
is keen on swimming
is interested in martial arts
is interested in cycling
is good at snowboarding
is good at hiking
is keen on volleyball
is interested in tennis
is good at squash
is interested in handball
is good at basketball
FIND SOMEONE WHO…
prefers individual sports to team sports
does sports three times a week
likes ball games
doesn't like combat sports
enjoys water sports
has tried windsurfing
has never tried rock climbing
would like to meet his/ her favourite
sportsman
has never had any injury
thinks boxing might be a dangerous sport
likes wrestling
Is not keen on cross-country skiing
TEST
What is SPORT?
Why do people do sport?
What are the differences between the individual and team sports?
To accomplish their objectives, what are the principles that the members of a team
should keep?
Why do people do recreational sports?
What are the differences between the recreational, competitive and elite sport?
What are the differences between the amateur and professional sports?
Describe Individual sport
Team sport
Passive sport
Active sport
Recreational sport
Competitive sport
Elite sport
43
Amateur sport
Professional sport
Sort and complete the information:
Players working
______________
together
towards
a
shared
objective
participate
in
What type of sport is it? People do it for fun and to keep fit, shape their body, they
want to meet with friends.
It takes many years and a lot of every-day hard work to become a _____________
Participants compete as individuals - they do an _______________
You belong to a sport club, train regularly, but you are not a professional player,
what type of sport do you do?
Match the expressions:
PASSIVE SPORT
ROWING
OUTDOOR SPORT
SQUASH
GAME
PENTATHLON
SPORT ON ICE
BASKETBALL
WATER SPORT
JUDO
COMBINED SPORT
FIGURE SKATING
ROCKET GAME
ORIENTEERING
44
ATHLETICS
Athletics is called “Queen of sports” - it is an exclusive collection of sporting events that involve
competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The most common types of athletics
competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race walking. The
simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need for expensive equipment, makes athletics one
of the most commonly competed sports in the world. Athletics is mostly an individual sport, with the
exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes' performances for a team score,
such as cross country.
Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC, and most modern
events are conducted by the member clubs of the International Association of Athletics Federation
(IAAF). The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the modern Summer Olympics and other
leading international meetings include the IAAF World Championship and World Indoor
Championships, and athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and
the IPC Athletics World Championships.
Track and Field Athletics:
Track events:
sprints, middle-distance runs, long-distance runs, relays, hurdles, steeplechase
Field events:
throwing events
(javelin throw, discus throw, hammer throw, shot put)
jumping events
(long jump, high jump, triple jump, pole vault)
Road events: Marathon, walks
Combined events: decathlon, heptathlon
Q: What are the athletic disciplines called? What type of events are they?
45
46
GYMNASTICS
Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring physical strength,
flexibility, power, agility, coordination, grace and balance. Competitive artistic gymnastics is the
best known of the gymnastic sports. It typically involves the women's events of uneven bars,
balance beam, floor exercise and vault. Men's events are floor exercise, pommel horse, still rings,
vault, parallel bars and high bar. Gymnastics evolved from exercises used by the ancient Greeks
that included skills for mounting and dismounting a horse, and from circus performance skills.
Other gymnastic disciplines include: rhythmic gymnastics, trampolining, Team Gym, tumbling
aerobic gymnastics and acrobatic gymnastics.
WORDLIST
grace
ladnost
Vault
přeskok
agility
hbitost
parallel bars
bradla (muži)
uneven bars
bradla (ženy)
pommel horse
kůň na šíř (s madly)
balance beam
kladina
still rings
kruhy
floor exercise
prostná
high bar
hrazda
47
FOOTBALL – SOCCER
Football is the most popular sport in the world, it is not only most widely watched but also played all
over the world. It is internationally acknowledged most popular game on earth.
Football is a game with two teams of eleven players, played over the course of 90 minutes. This
period is split into two 45-minute halves. The objective of the game is to score more ‘goals’ than
the opponent. Football refers to a sport that involves kicking a ball with the foot to score a goal.
History
Various forms of football can be identified in history, often as popular peasant games. There are a
number of references to traditional, ancient, or prehistoric ball games, played by peoples in many
different parts of the world.
The Ancient Greeks and Romans played many ball games, some involved the use of the feet.
These games were similar to rugby and football.
The Chinese version describes a practice known as cuju - "kick ball", which was originally kicking a
leather ball through a small hole in a piece of silk cloth which was fixed on bamboo canes and
hung about 9m above ground. The Japanese version of cuju is kemari. In kemari several people
stand in a circle and kick a ball to each other, trying not to let the ball drop to the ground.
ancient ball game
cuju
kemari
Contemporary football can be traced back to the games at English public schools in the eighteenth
and nineteenth century. The influence and power of the British Empire allowed these rules of
football to spread all around the world.
48
The first documented clubs called "The Foot-Ball Club" were located in Edinburgh, Scotland,
during the period 1824–41. (The club forbade tripping but allowed pushing and holding and the
picking up of the ball.) In 1888, The Football League was founded in England, became the first of
many professional football competitions.
FIFA
Fédération Internationale de Football Association - International Federation of Association Football
- is the international governing body of association football, futsal and beach soccer.
Its membership comprises 209 national assocations. Its headquarters are in Zurich, Switzerland.
FIFA is responsible for the organisation of football's major international tournaments, notably the
World Cup.
FIFA was founded in Paris on 21 May 1904.
The first football World Cup took place in Uruguay in 1930.
Fairplay in football
FIFA advocates a Fair Play programme. These rules inform footballers and spectators on proper
behaviour on and off the field:
Play fair on the field.
Play to win but accept defeat properly.
Observe the Laws of the Game.
Respect everyone involved in the game.
Promote football’s interests.
Honour those who defend football’s reputation.
Reject any corruption, drugs, racism, violence and other harmful vices.
Help others to do exactly the same.
Denounce any who discredits the integrity of football.
Use football to make a better world.
49
Field of play – football / soccer pitch
Football can be played on a natural or artificial surface. However, the shape of the field must be
rectangular, with the dimensions of 90-120 metres long by 45-90 metres wide. The guidelines for
international matches are stricter (100-110 metres x 64-75 metres).
Equipment
Basic equipment is the team jersey, shorts, shinguards with socks and studded boots. The
goalkeeper is also permitted gloves and a different coloured jersey for identification purposes.
Duration of the match
The match officially lasts 90 minutes, split into two 45-minute halves with a half-time interval of no
longer than 15 minutes.
50
Start of play
A coin toss takes place just before the game starts, the winner gets the choice of choosing which
end to attack or whether to kick-off.
Fouls and misconduct
A foul can take place anywhere on the pitch, and a free kick is awarded where that foul takes place
(excepting fouls in the penalty area, which result in a penalty kick). The referee can choose simply
to award the foul, speak to the player about his conduct or take matters further.
The referee decides about the punishment.
A faul can result in a free kick, faul in the penalty area result in a penalty kick.
Punishment for offences
Yellow Card - a ‘caution’ to a player. If two yellow cards are shown to the same
player, it means a red card.
Red Card - showing a red card to a player means he/she is expelled from the
match.
A straight red card (no previous ‘caution’) can be shown for extreme offences such
as serious foul play, violent conduct, spitting, deliberate hand-ball to prevent a
goal, a professional foul and insulting language and/or gestures.
EXPRESSIONS:
Kick-off
Free kick
Penalty kick Throw-in
Goal kick
Corner kick
Positions in Football
Goalkeeper
Permitted to handle the ball in his/her team’s penalty area.
Who are the notable goalkeepers you know?
Central defender/Centre-half
Starting out on the edge of his/her team’s penalty area, the central defender’s role is to protect the
goalkeeper.
51
Fullback/Wingback
Hold the same starting position, on the left and right of each central defenders, the difference
between the fullback and the wingback is that the windback moves forward and supports attacks.
Both positions need strong defensive skills.
Central midfielder
Situated in the most important area of the field, the central midfielder’s task is to provide support to
both defenders and attacks. This post requires unique defensive or offensive responsibilities.
Attacking midfielder/‘Hole’ player
The attacking midfielder is situated in the space between the midfield and the strikers, directly
influencing the attack high up in the field. Attacking midfielders are often called on to fill in as
forwards due to their potency in front of goal.
Notable attacking midfielders
Pelé – Edison Arantes do Nascimento (Brazil)
Kaká – Ricardo Izecson dos Santos Leite (Brazil)
Winger
Like their defensive equivalents, there are two wingers in a side, starting on both touchlines
alongside the central midfielders. Their tasks is to pressurise the opposition fullbacks, attacking
from wide positions. However, as the position has developed, wingers have increasingly been
called on to score goals, as they have the chance to run from deep positions and cause problems
for defenders.
Notable winger
Cristiano Ronaldo (Portugal)
Striker/Centre forward
The goal of the striker is exactly that - goals. Forward players start out just behind the opponent’s
penalty area, with the number varying from one to three.
Striker is a forward player with both goalscoring and creative abilities.
52
WORDLIST
breach [bríč] of the
defensive line
průnik defenzivní linie
opposition
soupeř
counter-attack
protiútok
offence
přestupek
pass
přihrát, nahrát - míč,
puk ap.
choice
volba
dribbling
driblování, kličkování
coin toss
hod mincí
dribble
driblovat, kličkovat
Central
defender/Centre-half
střední obránce
move forward
pohyb dopředu /
vyrážet / vybíhat
dopředu
Fullback/Wingback
obránce/křídlo
support
podpora / podporovat
Central midfielder
střední záložník
behaviour
chování
Striker/Centre forward
útočník
conduct
chování
53
ICE-HOCKEY
Ice hockey is one of the most popular sport games in the world. The best national teams in the
history are in Russia, Canada, the Czech Republic, Sweden, Finland, Slovakia and USA and ice
hockey is very popular in these countries.
Ice hockey is played with two opposing teams wearing ice-skates.
Each team has six players on the ice rink. The aim of the game is to knock the hockey puck into
the opposing team's net. The net is guarded by the goalie (goalkeeper).
History
Games where some players hit a ball (or something similar) with a stick can be found in Ancient
Egypt (4000 years ago) and in many other civilizations like Ancient Persia, Ancient Greece, Aztec
empire, etc. Game similar to golf on an ice-covered surface, was popular in the Netherlands and
Benelux countries in the Middle Ages. A similar game had been played for a thousand years or
more by the Vikings, as documented in the Icelandic sagas.
Modern hockey has evolved from outdoor stick-and-ball games adapted to the icy conditions of
Canada during the 19th century.
The games of British soldiers and immigrants to Canada (influenced by First Nations stick-and-ball
games) influenced the game played on ice skates (often with a puck) with sticks made by the
people of Nova Scotia (Canada).
In North America, the National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men, and the most
popular. It is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game is very popular. The first
organized game was played on March 3, 1875, in Montreal, Canada.
54
Stanley Cup Champions 1905
Lord Stanley:
At the Montreal Winter Carnival in 1889, at a match between the Montreal Victorias and the
Amateur Athletic Association, Sir Frederick Arthur Stanley, Governor General of Canada, with his
wife and two children stopped to watch the game. Stanley was taken with the game, and helped to
form a team - the Rideau Rebels and a league, the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) which
formed in 1890.
Two years after the formation of the OHA, Stanley created the concept of a regional competition
and gave a cup for the victor, the Dominion Challenge Trophy. In 1893, it was decided that the cup
would never become the property of any team and was renamed the Stanley Hockey
Championship Cup.
The Stanley Cup is still awarded to the champion of the National Hockey League today.
Ice-hockey basic rules
Each match is played in three 20 minute periods, with a 15 minute break between periods.
Each team can have a maximum of 20 players, including two goal keepers.
Although only six players from each team can be on the ice at any one time, substitutions can be
made at any point (even during active play).
55
The puck is frozen before the game to reduce its bounce and to slide across the ice easier and
faster.
Goals are scored by striking the puck into the opposing team's net. However if an attacking player
deliberately kicks or strikes the puck with any part of the body (other than the stick) into the net, the
goal is disallowed.
There are only two principal rules in ice hockey – offside and icing.
Offside
Offside is a relatively simple concept. An attacking player isn't allowed to enter the opposition's
defending zone ahead of the puck - so keep an eye on the defence's blue line.
Icing
'Icing' is when a player strikes the puck from his own half across the opposition's goal line (red)
without it deflecting off another player (including a goalkeeper).
Face-off
Face-offs are used to start periods of play and to restart play (for example after a goal or after an
offside ruling).
Contact and Fighting
The rules are explicit when it comes to contact during play (although the speed of the game can
make it tough to apply).
Contact from the side and front is generally OK, though deliberate checking from behind will
usually result in a penalty.
Tripping and 'boarding' (causing another player to violently hit the rink's walls) are also banned,
as is the high use of the stick. Elbowing, charging and using the shaft of the stick to check an
opponent ('cross-checking') will also result in a penalty. Fighting (or 'roughing') is subject to the
most severe penalties, depending on who started the fight - a player who starts 'fisticuffs' is often
dealt with more harshly than someone retaliating to another player's punches.
Officials
The referees (red armband), linesmen (on the ice) and goal judges (behind each goal) are
concerned with offside and goal rulings. The main referee is in charge of the match and has final
decision on any matter.
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Penalties range in severity from a minor penalty, which often results in as little as two minutes off
the ice for the offending player... up to being sent off for the balance of play (in the case of Game
Misconduct and Match penalties - e.g. for fighting).
An ice-hockey rink
An ice hockey team is made up of six players, each with a specific position and job.
The job of offence is to score goals, and the defense is there to protect the goal. The
following list describes each of the hockey positions:
Goalie:
Perhaps the toughest position in all of sports, the goalie is the one player who can control a team’s
confidence. His job is to keep the puck out of the net, and if he’s good, he can take his team a long
way. Good goalies win championships.
Defensemen:
A team at full strength has two — one on the left side and another on the right. Nowadays, there
are three primary kinds of defensemen. One is creative and offensive-minded; he likes to handle
the puck and lead the team up ice, but is not too physical. Another is defensive-minded, a stay-athome bruiser who plays a physical game and doesn’t often venture out of his zone with the puck.
And there are those rare athletes who are a combination of the two.
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Right wing:
He works the right side of the ice for the most part. He needs to be a physical player who is good
along the boards and in the corner. He is responsible for the opposition’s left defenseman in the
defensive zone.
Left wing:
Traditionally a left-handed shot, but the NHL is seeing more right-handers playing this position now,
a practice picked up from the Europeans. A right-hander has a better angle to shoot from when
he’s coming in on his wing. Like the right wing, he needs to be able to dig out the puck from the
corners and battle in front of the net.
Center:
He quarterbacks his club at both ends of the ice. Must be good at face-offs and passing, and it
doesn’t hurt if he's a good shot as well. Coaches want a lot of creativity in this position — and a lot
of hockey smarts.
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VOLLEYBALL
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries
to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a
part of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since 1964.
The complete rules are extensive. But simply, play proceeds is as follows: a player on one of the
teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the
net, and into the receiving team's court. The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded
within their court. The team may touch the ball up to 3 times but individual players may not touch
the ball twice consecutively.
The ball is usually played with the hands or arms, but players can legally strike or push (short
contact) the ball with any part of the body.
A number of consistent techniques have evolved in volleyball, including spiking and blocking
(because these plays are made above the top of the net, the vertical jump is an athletic skill
emphasized in the sport) as well as passing, setting, and specialized player positions and offensive
and defensive structures.
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TENNIS
Tennis is a sport that people usually play individually
between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each
cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over
court. The object of the game is to play the ball in such a
a good return.
against a single opponent (singles) or
player uses a racquet that is strung with
or around a net and into the opponent's
way that the opponent is not able to play
Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages. The sport can be
played by anyone who can hold a racquet, including wheelchair users. The modern game of tennis
originated in England in the late 19th century as "lawn tennis".
The rules of tennis have changed little since the 1890s. A recent addition to professional tennis has
been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point challenge system, which
allows a player to contest the line call of a point.
Tennis is played by millions of recreational players and is also a popular worldwide spectator sport.
The four Grand Slam tournaments (also referred to as the "Majors") are especially popular: the
Australian Open played on hard courts, the French Open played on red clay courts, Wimbledon,
played on grass courts, and the US Open played also on hard courts.
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BASKETBALL
Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court. The
objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 46 cm in diameter and 3.0 m high mounted to a
backboard at each end. Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed
sports.
A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during regular play. A field
goal scores two points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the basket than the
three-point line, and three points if the player is behind the three-point line. The team with the most
points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the game
ends with a draw. The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while walking or running or
throwing it to a team mate. It is a violation to move without dribbling the ball, to carry it or to hold
the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.
Violations are called "fouls". A personal foul is penalized, and a free throw is usually awarded to an
offensive player if he is fouled while shooting the ball. A technical foul may also be issued when
certain infractions occur, most commonly for unsportsmanlike conduct on the part of a player or
coach. A technical foul gives the opposing team a free throw, and the opposing team also retains
possession of the ball.
As well as many techniques for shooting, passing, dribbling and rebounding, basketball has
specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures (player positioning). Typically,
the tallest members of a team will play center, power forward or small forward positions, while
shorter players or those who possess the best ball handling skills and speed play "point guard" or
"shooting guard".
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WORDLIST – SPORTS
aerials
aerobatics
air sports
approach
aquatics
archery
bobsleigh
canoe touring
climbing
combat sports
combat
cross-country skiing
cycleball
diving
dog-sledging
downhill race
dressage
equestrian
event
fencing
figure skating
flat water canoeing
football tennis
giant slalom
half-pipe
handball
hang-gliding
horse racing
hurdles
ice dancing
ice sledge hockey
indoor cycling
luge, skeleton
military
mountaineering
orienteering
pole vault
pursuit
akrobatické skoky na lyžích (disciplina)
letecká akrobacie
letecké sporty
přístup; rozběh
plavecké sporty
lukostřelba
Boby
vodní turistika
lezení
úpolové (bojové) sporty
boj, zápas
běh na lyžích
kolová (sport)
1skoky do vody, 2 potápění
psí spřežení (závody)
závod ve sjezdu (na lyžích)
drezura
jezdectví
1 událost, 2 závod, disciplina
Šerm
krasobruslení
rychlostní kanoistika
nohejbal
obří slalom
U rampa (snowboardová disciplina)
házená
létání na rogalovém křídle
dostihy
překážky (v atletice)
tance na ledě
lední hokej pro postižené sedící na spec.
saních
sálová cyklistika
saně (olympijské discipliny)
závody všestrannosti - jezdecká disciplina
(jízda, běh, parkur)
horolezectví
orientační běh
skok o tyči
stíhací závod
62
relay
road cycling
rowing
sailing
scuba diving
sculling
shooting
shot put
show jumping
sled, sledge
speed skating
steeplechase
track cycling
turf
synchronised swimming
underwater sports
weightlifting
whitewater canoeing
wrestling
štafeta
silniční cyklistika
veslování
jachtink
přístrojové potápění
skulérské veslování
střelba
vrh koulí
parkůr
Sane
rychlobruslení
běh přes překážky (v atletice a v jezdectví)
dráhová cyklistika
dostihy
akvabely; synchronisované plavání
sporty pod vodou
vzpírání
kanoistika na divoké vodě
zápas (sport)
OTHER WORDS
apparatus
adjust
crowd
event
focus on
outcome
nářad
přizpůsobit, seřídit
diváci, dav
1 událost, 2 závod, disciplina
zaměřit se na
výstup, výsledek
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QUIZ – SPORTS
1.
Which sport is called the queen of sports?
a) gymnastics
b) athletics
c) volleyball
2.
Which sport is the most popular in the world?
a) tennis
b) football
c) ice hockey
3.
Which sport typically involves the women's events of uneven bars, balance beam, floor
exercise and vault?
a) gymnastics
b) athletics
c) basketball
4.
Which sport is played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court?
a) volleyball
b) basketball
c) ice hockey
5.
Which sport originated in England in the late 19th century?
a) tennis
b) basketball
c) gymnastics
6.
Which sport is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net?
a) tennis
b) basketball
c) volleyball
7.
A racquet is used in…
a) ice hockey
b) tennis
c) volleyball
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8.
Kick-off, free kick, penalty kick, throw-in, goal kick and corner kick are terms used in…
a) football
b) ice hockey
c) tennis
9.
A game with two teams of eleven players is…
a) ice hockey
b) volleyball
c) football
10.
The objective of this sport is to shoot a ball through a hoop 46 cm in diameter and 3.0 m
high mounted to a backboard at each end. Which sport is it?
a) volleyball
b) basketball
c) tennis
11.
In which sport people usually play individually against a single opponent (singles) or
between two teams of two players each (doubles)?
a) tennis
b) volleyball
c) ice hockey
12.
A goalie, defensemen, right wing, left wing, center are positions we can find in…
a) basketball
b) football
c) ice hockey
13.
The best teams of this sport can be found in Russia, Canada, the USA, the Czech Republic,
Sweden, Finland, Slovakia. Which sport is it?
a) ice hockey
b) football
c) basketball
14.
Which sports involves competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking?
a) gymnastics
b) athletics
c) tennis
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15.
This sport is played over the course of 90 minutes. This period is split into two 45-minute
halves. Which sport is it?
a) tennis
b) volleyball
c) football
16.
The international govering body of association football, futsal and beach soccer is called…
a) AFIF
b) FIFA
c) FFA
17.
A red card in football means…
a) a caution to the player
b) nothing
c) the player is expelled from the match
18.
A game of six players on the ice rink is called…
a) ice skating
b) figure skating
c) ice hockey
19.
Each match is played in three 20 minute periods, with a 15 minute break between periods.
What sport does the definition refer to?
a) tennis
b) handball
c) ice hockey
20.
In ice hockey, face-off means…
a) this term does not exist
b) face-offs are used to start periods of play and to restart play (for example after a
goal or after an offside ruling)
c) when a player strikes the puck from his own half across the opposition's goal line
(red) without it deflecting off another player (including a goalkeeper)
21.
In ice hockey, we distinguish these terms
a) offside, icing, face-off
b) offside, corner kick, throw-in
c) icing, penalty kick, offside
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THE HUMAN BODY
The human body is the most wonderful, complex organism on this planet.
The human body is a single structure but it is made up of billions of smaller structures of four major
kinds: cells, tissues, organs and systems.
The body is composed of ten major systems:
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Endocrine
Urinary
Reproductive
PARTS OF THE BODY
The human body consists of three major areas:
the head
the trunk
the extremities (limbs)
Common names of well-known parts of the human body, from top to bottom, are as follows:
HEAD:
FOREHEAD, EYE, EAR, NOSE, MOUTH, TONGUE, TEETH, JAW, FACE, CHEEK, CHIN, NECK
UPPER LIMB:
SHOULDER, ARM, UPPER ARM, ELBOW, FOREARM, WRIST, HAND, FINGERS,
The term arm often refers to the entire upper limb from the shoulder to the wrist. The segment
between the shoulder and the elbow is the upper arm and the segment between the elbow and
wrist is the forearm.
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The hands are our chief organs for physically manipulating the environment.
Each hand is controlled by the opposing brain hemisphere.
TRUNK:
SPINE, BACK, LOWBACK, CHEST, BREAST, RIBCAGE, ABDOMEN
The spine is the central support for the body. Another word for the spine is the backbone. The
spine is made of separate irregular bones called vertebrae. There is a layer of cartilage (disc) in
between each vertebra that keeps the bones from rubbing against each other. There are twenty six
vertebrae in the spine.
The chest is the region of the body between the neck and the abdomen.
Ribs are the long curved bones, which form the rib cage. Ribs surround the chest and protect the
lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thoracic cavity.
LOWER LIMB: HIP, BUTTOCKS , LEG, THIGH, KNEE, CALF, LOWER LEG, ANKLE, FOOT,
HEEL, TOES
WORDLIST
skeletal
kosterní
organs
orgány
nervous
nervový
muscular
svalový
lymphatic
lymfatický
cardiovascular
kardiovaskulární
digestive
trávící
respiratory
dýchací
urinary
močový (vylučovací)
endocrine
endokrynní
cells
buňky
reproductive
reproduktivní
tissues
tkáně
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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
The human musculoskeletal system consists of the skeleton, made up of bones attached to other
bones with joints, and skeletal muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons. The skeleton of an
adult consists of more than 200 bones of various shapes and sizes.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
The human body contains more than 650 individual muscles which are attached to the skeleton by
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tendons. The main function of all muscles is to provide movement for the body.
The muscular system consists of three different types of muscle tissues: skeletal, cardiac and
smooth. Each of these different tissues has the ability to contract, which then allows body
movements and functions.
Muscles work in pairs to produce movement: when one muscle flexes (or contracts) the other
relaxes, a process known as antagonism.
SKELETAL MUSCLES:
The skeletal muscles make up about 40 % of an adults body weight. The nervous system controls
the contraction of the muscle. Many of the skeletal muscle contractions are automatic. However
we still can control the action of the skeletal muscle.
SMOOTH MUSCLES:
Most of our internal organs are made up of smooth muscles. They are found in digestive tract or in
arteries and veins. The smooth muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and
hormones. We cannot consciously control the smooth muscles.
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CARDIAC MUSCLE:
The cardiac muscle - its function is to "pump" blood through the circulatory system by contracting.
Unlike skeletal muscle, which contracts in response to nerve stimulation, cardiac muscle’s function
is based on self-excitable stimulating contraction without an electrical impulse coming from the
central nervous system.
SPORT INJURIES
WORK IN PAIRS AND TRY TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. A CLASS
DISCUSSION SHOUD FOLLOW.
Do you have any experience with sport injuries?
If so, how many sport injuries have you experienced so far?
What was the most serious injury you have ever had?
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Can you describe it? Add some information about how it happened, add a few
comments about the symptoms and treatment.
What do you do to avoid injuries while doing sports?
Sports injuries occur during sports or exercise. Some sports injuries result from accidents, others
are due to poor training practices, improper equipment, lack of condition, or insufficient warm-up
and stretching.
A strain is an injury which occurs to a muscle in which the muscle fibers tear as a result of
overstretching. Strains are also known as pulled muscles.
Typical symptoms of a strain include localized pain, stiffness and swelling around the strained
muscle.
A sprain is an injury which occurs to ligaments caused by a sudden overstretching.
The typical symptoms of a sprain are localized pain, swelling, and loss of function. Although any
joint can experience a sprain, some of the more common joints include the ankle, knee, and
fingers.
A bone fracture is a medical condition in which a bone becomes cracked, splintered, or bisected
as a result of physical trauma.
Stress fractures occur in the weight-bearing bones, such as the tibia or fibula and bones of the
foot, and are common in sports that require repetitive impact - primarily running/jumping sports
such as gymnastics or track and field. Running creates forces two to three times a person's body
weight on the lower limbs. Stress fractures may be a result of an overtraining.
Joint dislocation takes place when bones in a joint become displaced. The ligaments almost
always become damaged as a result of a dislocation.
Contact sports such as football and basketball, as well as high-impact sports and sports that can
result in excessive stretching or falling, cause the majority of dislocations. The shoulders, fingers,
and wrists are all common places for a dislocation to occur.
Injuries can be prevented by proper use of safety equipment (wrist, ankle guards), warm-ups and
cool-downs (including stretching), being aware of your surroundings and maintaining strength and
flexibility.
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FILL IN THE TEXT USING AN APPROPRIATE WORD.
Do you have any experience with sport injuries?
Edith:
Yes, I do, unfortunately. I really like downhill skiing and snowboarding. Two years
ago, I b______________________ my leg while snowboarding. It was an accident, I am good at
snowboarding. Anyway, my parents called the ambulance and they took me to the municipal
hospital. The f _________________ was serious so that an operation was necessary.
Peter:
No, I don't. Sport is my passion, I do sports every day. My favourite sport is rowing. I
have never had any serious injury. However, I do have some experience with minor sport injuries
like p______________ m__________________. I have also experienced a s_______________
wrist.
Kelly:
Yes, I do. I have had quite a lot of sport injuries so far. I have experienced for
example
a
m__________________
strain
due
to
o__________________,
a
s__________________ ankle, which happened while I was ice skating and a b_______________
f______________ (a broken arm).
WORDLIST
improper equipment
nevhodné vybavení
occur
objevit se
injury
zranění
sprain
výron
insufficient
nedostatečný
stiffness
zatuhlost
joint
vykloubení
strain
natažený sval
lack
nedostatek
swelling
opuchlina
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OVERTRAINING
Overtraining occurs when the volume and intensity of an exercise exceeds the organism’s
recovery capacity. Improvements in strength and fitness occur only during the rest period following
the training. This process takes at least 36 hours to complete. If sufficient rest is not available then
complete regeneration cannot occur. If this imbalance between excess training and inadequate
rest persists then the individual's performance will plateau and decline.
Overtraining may be accompanied by one or more of the following symptoms:
persistent muscle soreness
persistent fatigue
elevated resting heart rate
increased susceptibility to infections
increased incidence of injuries
irritability
depression and loss of motivation
Fortunately, most sports injuries can be treated effectively, and most people who suffer injuries can
return to a satisfying level of physical activity after an injury. Even better, many sports injuries can
be prevented if people take the proper precautions.
WORDLIST
overtraining
přetrénování
excess training
nadměrný trénink
improvement
zlepšení
rest
odpočinek
plateau [ple-tó]
fáze plató – ústálení výkonnosti
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PRINCIPLES OF SPORT TRAINING
Sport training is a process of preparation for a sport performance.
It consists of four parts:
Conditioning training – strength training, endurance training, flexibility training
Training of technique – technical preparation
Training of tactics – tactical preparation
Psychological training – mental preparation
PHYSICAL FITNESS
Exercise is a mean of improving motor skills, fitness, muscle and bone strength, and joint function.
Developing fitness will depend on how the components of fitness can be added into a training
program.
Physical fitness involves the performance of the cardiorespiratory system - the heart and lungs,
and the muscular system of the body.
From a sporting perspective there are 3 basic components of fitness:
endurance
speed and strength
flexibility
Endurance is the ability of the heart and lungs to supply fuel to working areas of the body during
sustained physical activity. To improve your cardiorespiratory endurance, it is necessary to perform
activities that elevate your heart rate for a sustained length of time.
Strength is the ability of the muscles to generate force in a short period of time. When you
increase your strength, you're often also increasing the size of your muscles, however, athletes
should develop their muscular strength and endurance in a manner that will improve performance,
and will not simply build larger muscles.
Speed is the ability to perform a movement quickly. Athletes need speed to accelerate, change
direction and react quickly to changes in the play.
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Flexibility is the ability to move a joint through its full range of movement without any pain or
discomfort. Increased flexibility will allow the athlete to maximize improvements in endurance,
strength and speed.
Overload
To bring about positive changes in an athlete’s state, an exercise overload must be applied. The
training adaptation takes place only if the magnitude of the training load is above the habitual level.
During the training process, there are two ways to induce the adaptation.
1.
One is to increase the training load (intensity, volume) while continuing to employ the same
drill (e.g. endurance running).
2.
The other is to change the drill, providing the exercise is new and the athlete is not
accustomed to it.
Experts recommend ten concepts as the backbone of any successful training program:
1.
Define your goals
You may have one primary goal and several minor ones.
2.
Match your sport to your goals and your abilities
Carefully evaluate your physical, emotional, and social needs and abilities.
3.
Set intermediate goals
You should have several sets of goals: general goals, long-range goals, season goals,
monthly, weekly, even daily goals.
4.
Plan your workout
Divide your workout into four phases: warm-up, skills practice, match-related practice, cooldown.
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5.
Get professional coaching help
Ask your coach to analyse your game, correct your form, and help you plan your workouts.
6.
Join a club or sports organization
Not only will you enjoy working out with others, you will also learn from them.
7.
Maintain year-round fitness
The off-season should be used to rest and to work on building your strength, endurance, or
aerobic capacity.
8.
Prevent injuries
In addition to avoiding sport-specific injuries, you should devote part of each workout to
general injury prevention. Warming up, stretching, and cooling down are the key stones of
injury prevention. Don’t forget that protective equipment is as much part of the game as the
rules.
9.
Use sport-specific training
Sport-specific training is the best way to develop the fine neuromuscular coordination and
judgement we call skill. Depending on your sport, you will also develop some cardiovascular
fitness, endurance, strength, and speed as you play.
10.
Enjoy yourself
Some of the reasons why athletes stop enjoying their sport might be over-training, poor goal
setting, or unrealistic expectations.
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WORDLIST
endurance
vytrvalost
endurance sports
vytrvalostní sporty
overload
zatížení / zátěž
physical fitness
fyzická zdatnost
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HEALTHY DIET
A healthy lifestyle should be an essential part of a sport career. The text, which follows, represents
a diet of a very famous sportsman.
Breakfast:
Three fried-egg sandwiches loaded with cheese, lettuce, tomatoes, fried onions and mayonnaise +
two cups of coffee + one five-egg omelet + one bowl of grits + three slices of French toast topped
with powdered sugar + three chocolate-chip pancakes.
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Lunch:
One pound of enriched pasta. Two large ham and cheese sandwiches with mayo on white bread.
Energy drinks packing 1,000 calories.
80
Dinner:
One pound of pasta. An entire pizza. More energy drinks.
QUESTIONS:
Can you guess whose diet is presented in the text and pictures? Which sportsman
is it?
How would you define his diet – is it healthy or unhealthy? Why?
What do you think about the quantity? Does the person eat too much?
Divide the food into two groups – healthy and unhealthy items – and make a
comment about it.
Which of the above presented items would you choose to eat and why?
DO YOU EAT HEALTHY? – QUIZ
Work in pairs, ask your friend the following questions and take notes. If your partner says “yes”,
take a note and give him a point. Then, change roles.
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QUESTION 1: Do you eat at least five times a day?
QUESTION 2: Do you have breakfast every day?
QUESTION 3: Is the frequency between your meals less than five hours?
QUESTION 4: Do you eat a lot of fruits and vegetables every day?
QUESTION 5: Do you eat small portions?
QUESTION 6: Do you drink a mineral water?
QUESTION 7: Do you drink at least two litres a day?
QUESTION 8: Do you eat sweets every day?
QUESTION 9: Do you go to a fast food restaurant at least once a week?
QUESTION 10: Do your parents eat healthy products?
How many points did you get?
0-3
points – bad. You prefer unhealthy food. You should be more interested in a healthy lifestyle
otherwise you might have serious health problems in your future life.
4-5 points – average
6-7 points – good
8-10 points – excellent
Compare your result with your partner and take part in a class discussion!!!
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1: Work in pairs. Your friend needs to lose some weight. Try to make a diet plan for
him/her. Then, compare your plan with your schoolmates and discuss it in class.
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ACTIVITY 2: Look at the food pyramid and discuss it in class.
WORDLIST
Translate these expressions into Czech.
energy –
nutrients –
carbohydrates –
fibre –
fat –
sugar –
minerals –
proteins –
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Match the English expressions with their Czech equivalents.
cauliflower
pórek
leek
broskev
cabbage
brokolice
broccoli
meloun
grapes
zelí
watermelon
květák
peach
hrozny
SUMMARY
Food is very important for us and our health. When you do some sports, you should be very careful
about what you eat because the food you choose to eat might influence your health as well as your
sport achievements. Not only sportsmen, but also other people should be interested in a healthy
lifestyle. The rules of a healthy lifestyle are the following:
1.
eat five or six times a day
2.
eat small portions
3.
have breakfast every day
4.
eat a lot of fruits and vegetables
5.
drink still water
6.
try to avoid fatty food
7.
stop eating sweets
8.
do sports
9.
plan your food
10.
eat balanced diet
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WORDLIST
bowl
miska
fibre
vláknina
broccoli
brokolice
grits
kukuřičná kaše
cabbage
zelí
leek
pórek
carbohydrates
uhlohydráty
lettuce
salát
cauliflower
květák
minerals
minerály
diet
jídlo, strava, jídelníček
nutrients
živiny
energy
energie
omelet
omeleta
entire
celý, úplný
proteins
proteiny
essential
nezbytný
sugar
cukr
fat
tuk
85
SPORT IN THE REGION
When speaking about doing sports in Jihlava, it is important to say that there are a lot of activities
you can do in this city. The following text is divided into three parts. The first part presents some
sport centres and sport halls which you can find in Jihlava. The second part deals with some indoor
sport activities you can do in Jihlava while the third part deals with some outdoor sport activities
which Jihlava offers.
SPORT CENTRES AND SPORT HALLS
Below, there is a list of some sport centres and sport halls situated in Jihlava. It is important to say
that these are not all of them but only the most popular sport centres and sport halls are presented.
Which is which?
FC Vysočina Jihlava
TJ Sokol Jihlava
Horácký Ice Arena
Tennis Center Jihlava
TJ Sokol Bedřichov
Vodní Ráj Jihlava
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INDOOR SPORT ACTIVITIES
There are a lot of indoor sport activities you can do in Jihlava and it is not possible to discuss all of
them here. The following text presents only some of them – ball games, swimming, bodybuilding,
various dances, ice hockey and skating.
BALL GAMES
TENNIS + SQUASH + BADMINTON
If you like playing tennis, squash or badminton, you should go to the tennis center. There are 8
outdoor clay courts, 5 indoor artificial courts in tennis halls for tennis, 2 indoor courts for squash, 4
indoor courts for badminton. Rackets and balls on loan.
BASKETBALL
If you are interested in playing basketball, you should be aware of the existence of a basketball
club Jihlava.
87
VOLLEYBALL
Volleyball is a very popular ball game as well and thus there are also good conditions for playing
volleyball. There are two main volleyball clubs in Jihlava - Sokol Bedřichov and SK Demlova. Many
people meet in school gyms to play volleyball for fun and can take part in many amateur
tournaments.
FLOORBALL
Floorball school Jihlava was founded with basic target to develop and train floorball potencial children, youth and adults of all-ages cathegory. At present, floorball team SK Jihlava is divided
self-contained club, which plays in Women's highest floorball league.
SWIMMING
There is a swimming and a triathlon club in Jihlava. If swimming is your favourite sport, you can do
it as an indoor as well as an outdoor activity. Swimming as an indoor activity can be realized in a
swimming pool which is situated at the Primary School of Evžen Rošický. Swimming as an outdoor
activity can be realized in Vodní ráj in Jihlava, which is a very nice aquapark.
BODYBUILDING
Doing bodybuilding is also a very popular sport activity. There are quite a lot of good fitness
centres in Jihlava. Among the most popular we can mention for example Fitness Center M&M,
Fitness Factory or Fit People.
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DANCING
If you are good at dancing, you can try Latin American Dances, Oriental Dances, Rock&Roll or
Street Dance. Most of the modern dances are provided by TJ Sokol Jihlava or by some private
dancing studios.
ICE HOCKEY AND SKATING
There are two ice arenas in Jihlava. The main arena is called Horácký Ice Arena and this is the
place where ice hockey matches take place. The second arena is smaller and it is used by ice
hockey players and figure skaters mostly for trainings. Some lessons are also scheduled for the
public. The ice-hockey club – HC Dukla Jihlava is one of the most famous and successful icehockey teams in the Czech Republic – the holder of 12 titles – the republic champion.
OUTDOOR SPORT ACTIVITIES
As regards sport activities you can do outside, the most popular ones are football, jogging, biking,
rollerblades, skiing and orienteering.
JOGGING
If the weather is warm and sunny, you would definitely appreciate going jogging. There are many
beautiful places where to go, e.g. cycle routes.
89
FOOTBALL
It is said that football and ice hockey are the two major sports in Jihlava. There is a newly rebuilt
football stadium FC Vysočina. Its capacity is 4.025 viewers. The football club FC Vysočina is very
popular in Jihlava, takes part in the highest football competition.
SKIING
There are good conditions for both – cross-country skiing as well as downhill skiing. Čeřínek or
Šacberk are the most popular destinations.
BIKING AND IN-LINE SKATING
Riding a bike and in-line skating are very popular in Jihlava too. There is a good cycle route near
Kaufland which can be used also by those who prefer in-line skating to cycling.
90
QUESTIONS TO DISCUSS:
Which of the places mentioned above have you ever visited?
Which of the places mentioned above would you like to visit?
Which places would you add to the list presented in the text?
What is your favourite place in Jihlava for doing sports?
Is there anything (sport centres, halls, wellness centres…) you really miss in
Jihlava?
91
SUCCESFUL CZECH ATHLETES
Sport is very popular in the Czech Republic, it has always been a part of daily life ot the people
there and has a long tradition and much success. The Czechs are excellent sportsmen, the Czech
Republic enjoys a good reputation around the world thanks to its successful athletes.
The two leading sports in the Czech Republic are football and ice-hockey. The many other sports
with professional leagues and structures include basketball, volleyball, handball, athletics, floorball,
tennis and others.
The events considered the most important by Czech fans are: the Ice Hockey World
Championship, the Olympic ice hockey tournament, the European football championship, the
foorball World Cup and qualification matches for such events.
There are many famous track and field athletes, tennis players, footballers, ice-hockey players and
other sportsmen.
92
ATHLETICS
Emil Zátopek (1922 – 2000)
Endurance runner, the most famous Czech sportsman,
Zátopek won the Olympic games four times, he was the
best world sportsman of 1949, 1951 and 1952,
multiple-time world-record holder and holder of several
titles of European and world champion. In 1997 he was
voted the best athlete of the 20th century and the
Olympian of the century.
Jan Železný (born June 16, 1966)
This javelin thrower holds six world records and four
Olympic medals, three of which are gold. He was
declared the best athlete of Europe in the years 1996
and 2000, and even the best athlete of the world in
2000. He has also been declared several times also
Czech Athlete of the Year. His last world record of
98.48 meters in 1996, which he created at the contest
in Jena, has yet to be beaten. After ending his
professional career, he turned to coaching.
Barbora Špotáková (born 30 June 1981)
Czech javelin thrower, she is the Olympic champion, as
well as the world record holder. In 2007, she won the
gold medal at the World Championships in Osaka. At
the end of the 2008 season, she won the World
Athletics Final in Stuttgart. She won the gold medal at
the Beijing Summer Olympics in 2008.
Jarmila Kratochvílová (born 1951)
The most successful Czech runner of all time. In her
sports career, Kratochvílová achieved many excellent
93
results. At the 1980 Olympic games she won the silver
medal. Her best year was in 1983 when Kratochvílová
became world champion in the 400-meter and 800meter events and then went on to set world records for
both distances. Her personal best of 1:53:28 in the 800
meters is still a world record. When she finished her
active career, she started to work as a trainer.
Šárka Kašpárková (born 20 May 1971)
Triple jumper Šárka Kašpárková won the bronze medal
at the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta. A year later, she won
the World Championships in Athens.
Roman Šebrle (born 26 November 1974)
Decathlete. He won the silver medal in the decathlon at
the Sydney Summer Olympics (2000). He won the gold
medal at the 2004 Olympics in Athens, where he also
set a new Olympic record of 8,893 points. In Götzis
(Austria) in 2002, he became the first decathlete to
break the 9,000 point barrier (9,026). He won gold at
the 2006 European Outdoor Championships in
Gothenburg and at the 2007 European Indoor
Championships in Birmingham. In 2007, he also won
the World Championships in Osaka, Japan.
GYMNASTICS
Věra Čáslavská (born 3 May 1942)
Věra Čáslavská was generally popular with the public
and won a total of 22 international titles including seven
Olympic gold medals, all in individual events.
94
Čáslavská is the most decorated Czech gymnast in
history and is one of only two female gymnasts to win
the all-around gold medal at two consecutive Olympics.
She was also the 1966 all-around World Champion and
the 1965 and 1967 all-around European Champion.
Caslavska scored two perfect scores of 10 in event
finals at the 1967 European Championships.
ICE-HOCKEY
Jaromír Jágr (born 15 February 1972)
Elite Czech ice-hockey player, regarded as one of the
best players in the world. Jágr began skating at the age
of three, and he immediately showed exceptional
abilities. At the age of 16, he was playing at the highest
level of competition in Czechoslovakia for HC Kladno.
At the age of 18 he started to play at NHL in USA – he
was taken by Pittsburg Penguines, the further NHL
clubs were Washington Capitals, New York Rangers,
Philadelphia Flyers, Dallas Stars, Boston Bruins and
New Jersey Devils (2013–present). At the beginning of
2006, he became the most successful European ever
to play in the NHL when he scored his 1,400th point.
He is one of a small group of hockey players to have
won the Stanley Cup (1991, 1992), the Ice Hockey
World Championship (2005, 2010), and the Olympic
gold medal in ice hockey (1998). This is known as the
Triple Gold Club, and Jágr is one of only two Czech
players (the other being Jiří Šlégr) in the Triple Gold
Club to complete it.
Dominik Hašek (born 1965)
Hašek became one of the league's finest goaltenders,
earning him the nickname "The Dominator". His strong
play has been credited with establishing European
goaltenders in a league previously dominated by North
Americans. He has played for clubs in Pradubice and
Jihlava, in 1990 he left to play in the NHL where he
played for the Chicago Black Hawks, the Buffalo
Sabres, Detroit Red Wings and the Ottawa Senators. At
the beginning of the 2006/2007 season he returned to
95
play for Detroit. Hašek has won a silver medal at the
World Championship in 1983 and a gold medal at the
Olympic games in Nagano in 1998. He won the NHL’s
Hart Trophy for Most Valuable Player in 1997 and 1998
and he has won the Vezina Trophy as the league’s best
goalie six times.
FOOTBALL
Petr Čech (born 20 May 1982)
The famous goalkeeper, in 2002 Čech helped the
Czech Republic become European champions at the
European Under 21 Championships. Later he showed
an excellent performance in the Czech football
representation and participated in the excellent
performance of the Czech Republic at the Euro 2004
contest in Portugal, where the Czech team ended third.
Currently, he is No. 1 goalie in the English club
Chelsea.
In the fall of 2006 Čech was seriously injured during
Chelsea’s Premier League game against Reading.
After a collision with an opposing player, he had to
undergo an operation for a fractured skull. In February
of 2007 he returned to the pitch.
Pavel Nedvěd (born 30 August 1972)
This elite midfielder became the Czech league’s topscorer in 1996 and put in an excellent performance with
the national team at the UEFA Euro 1996 in England,
where he attracted the attention of foreign clubs. He
spent five seasons with Lazio, winning the Coppa Italia
with them in 1997/1998. In 1999, he was part of the
Lazio team which won the last ever UEFA Cup Winners’
Cup. In 2002, he joined Juventus. With the national
team, he won the silver medal at the Euro 1996 and the
bronze medal at the Euro 2004 in Portugal. In 2003 he
was presented with the European Footballer of the Year
award. He retired from international football on 16
August 2006 in a friendly match against Serbia in
Uherské Hradiště.
96
Antonín Panenka (born 2 December 1948)
Czechoslovak international footballer. He converted the
winning penalty in the 1976 European Championship
final to make Czechoslovakia European Champions.
TENNIS
Ivan Lendl (born July 3, 1960)
The Czech American has become an icon of men’s
tennis. In 1980, he was, as a 20-year-old at that time, a
member of the Czechoslovak team a team that won the
Davis Cup. Lendl is in third place for the number of
consecutive weeks spent as the World No. 1. From
1985 to 1988 he held on to this ranking for 158 weeks.
In total, Lendl spend a combined time of 270 weeks as
World No. 1. He has won both the French Open and
the U.S. Open three times, while winning the Australian
Open twice in 1989 and 1990. The only victory he has
never achieved is Wimbledon. After his tennis career,
Lendl is successfully pursuing golf.
Martina Navrátilová (born October 8, 1956)
Martina Navrátilová will always remain a tennis legend.
She won 18 Grand Slam singles titles, 31 major
women's doubles titles (an all-time record), and 10
major mixed doubles titles. She reached the
Wimbledon singles final 12 times, including nine
consecutive years from 1982 through 1990, and won
the women's singles title at Wimbledon a record nine
times. She and King each won 20 Wimbledon titles, an
all-time record. Navratilova is one of just three women
to have accomplished a career Grand Slam in singles,
women's doubles, and mixed doubles. In 2006,
Navrátilová definitively ended her tennis career.
97
Petra Kvitová (born 8 March 1990)
Kvitová is a Czech professional tennis player. Known
for her powerful left-handed shots and variety, she has
won eleven career singles titles. She reached her
career-high ranking of world no. 2 in October 2011. Her
current clothing sponsor is Nike. Kvitová won the 2011
Wimbledon Championship and the 2011 WTA Tour
Championship singles titles, beating Maria Sharapova
and Victoria Azarenka respectively, becoming the first
Gran Slam event winner of either gender born in the
1990s, and the third player to win the WTA
Championships in her first attempt. She has also
reached the semifinals of the 2012 Australian Open and
the 2012 French Open.
CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING
Kateřina Neumannová (born February 2, 1973)
The Czech cross-country skier has collected six
Olympic medals and five World Championship medals
during her career. Her most coveted medal came at the
2006 Winter Olympics in Turin when she won gold in
the 30 kilometer freestyle event. Neumannová was
world champion in both 2005 and 2007 winning the 10
kilometer freestyle events in Oberstdorf and Sapporo,
respectively. During her career, Neumannová was on
the medal podium a total of 48 times. In 2006 she was
named as Sportsperson of the year. She took third
place in the overall World Cup rankings for the
2006/2007 season. She finished her professional
career in March 2007 after a race in Falun.
ALPINE SKIING
Šárka Záhrobská – Strachová (born February
11, 1985)
The Czech Republic now claims a world champion in
alpine skiing. Šárka Záhrobská won the 2007 World
98
Championships in the slalom event held in Aare,
Sweden. She also added to the medals she collected in
2005 when she became junior world champion at
Bardonecchia and then won a bronze medal in the
women’s race. Záhrobská had much success during
the 2006/2007 World Cup season when she finished
third overall in the slalom discipline.
FREE-STYLE SKIING
Aleš Valenta (born 1973)
In the finals of the Olympic contest in Salt Lake City,
Aleš Valenta won a gold medal. In the second round,
he completed the most difficulty jump – a triple flip with
five twists. He became the first professional acrobat on
skis to jump a triple flip in an official contest. On top of
that, Valenta can do even a quadruple flip while
jumping into water. At the Olympic Games in Nagano in
1998, he was fourth. Since the summer 2001, he is,
together with his trainer Pavel Landa, part of the
European international team.
SPEED SKATING
Martina Sáblíková (born May 27, 1987)
In two years, Martina Sáblíková raised the profile of
speed skating in the Czech Republic as a respected
sport in spite of having to train abroad. There are no
speed skating rinks in the Czech Republic. She
attracted a lot of attention at the Winter Olympic in
Turin after finishing fourth in the 3000 meter event. She
hit her stride in 2007 when she won the combined
event at the European Championships, took first place
on the long track in the World Cup, became a two-time
world champion and set new world records in the 5 and
20 kilometer disciplines.
99
WATER SPORTS
Martin Doktor (born 21 May 1974)
Flatwater canoer. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in
Atlanta he won gold medals in the C1 500 and 1,000
metres. During his career, he won important World and
European Championship races, and the World Cup on
multiple occasions.
Štěpánka Hilgertová (born 10 April 1968)
Czech slalom canoer. One of Štěpánka Hilgertová’s
greatest achievements is the two Olympic gold medals
she won in Atlanta (1996) and Sydney (2000). She won
the 2000 European Championships in Mezzana, Italy.
Lukáš Pollert (24 March 1970)
Czech slalom canoer. He won gold at the Barcelona
Olympics (1992) and silver at the Atlanta Olympics
(1996).
HORSE RACING
Josef Váňa (born 20 October 1952)
Josef Váňa is a Czech steeplechase josckey, horse
breeder and trainer. As the eight-time winner of the
Velká Pardubická Steeplechase he is considered one of
the greatest personalities of the Czech horse racing
sport.
100
QUESTIONS TO DISCUSS:
Who is your favourite sports person? Why? Describe his / her sport discipline and
personality.
Which sportsman is your model?
Have you ever met a famous sportsman? If so, can you describe it?
Is there any sportsman you would like to meet?
Would you like to be a professional sportsman? Why? Why not?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of being a famous person, a
sportsman?
101
OLYMPIC GAMES
The modern Olympic Games are the leading international sporting event featuring summer and
winter sports competitions in which more than 200 nations with thousands of athletes participate in
a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and
Winter Games alternating. Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were
held in Olympia, Greece from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Up until 1994 the Olympics
were held every four years. Since then, the Winter and Summer games have alternated every two
years.
The founder of the modern Olympic Games was Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937), who
founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894.
The Olympic motto is Citius, Altius, Fortius, which is Latin for "Faster, Higher, Stronger".
102
OLYMPIC SYMBOLS
FLAG
The flag has a white background, with five rings in the centre. This design represents the five
inhabited continents of the world, united by Olympism and sport.
FIVE RINGS
The symbol of the Olympic Games is composed of five rings, known as the "Olympic rings".
The rings represent the five major regions of the world – Africa, America, Asia, Europe and
Australia, and every national flag in the world includes one of the five colours, which are (from left
to right) blue, yellow, black, green, and red. The symbol was originally designed by Baron Pierre de
Coubertin.
OLYMPIC FLAME
The Olympic flame is lit at the ancient site of Olympia by women wearing ancient-style robes and
using a curved mirror and the sun. The Olympic Torch is then passed from runner to runner from
the ancient site of Olympia to the Olympic stadium in the hosting city. The flame is then kept alight
until the Games have concluded. The Olympic Torch relay represents a continuation from the
ancient Olympic Games to the modern Olympics.
103
MEDALS
The Olympic medals awarded to winners are another symbol associated with the Olympic Games.
The medals are made of gold-plated silver, silver, or bronze, and awarded to the top 3 finishers in a
particular event. Each medal for an Olympiad has a common design, decided upon by the
organizers for the particular games.
Hymn
The Olympic Hymn, played when the Olympic Flag is raised, was composed by Spyros Samaras
and the words added by Kostis Palamas. The Olympic Hymn was first played at the 1896 Olympic
Games in Athens.
Interesting facts about Olympic Games
The first Winter Olympic Games were held in Chamonix, France in 1924.
The three continents Africa, South America, and Antarctica have never hosted the
Olympic games..
Ancient Olympic athletes competed nude.
In 1912 the last gold medal made entirely out of gold was awarded.
The Olympics once lasted 187 days. In 1908, the London Olympics went on for 187
days...
There's a 62-year age difference between the oldest and youngest Olympians ever.
The youngest Olympian ever was Dimitrios Loundras, a Greek gymnast in the 1896
Athens Olympics. He was 10. The oldest Olympian ever was Oscar Swahn, a
Swedish shooter in the 1920 Antwerp, Belgium, Olympics. He was 72.
The first Olympic drug suspension wasn't until 1968. At the 1968 Mexico City
games, Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall, a Swedish pentathlete, was suspended because
he tested positive for a banned substance. That substance: Alcohol. He drank
several beers before the pentathlon... which was against the rules... so he was
suspended.
104
The Summer Olympic Games in London 2012 were the 30th to be held, the Winter
Olympic Games in Sochi – Russia 2014 are the 22th.
PARALYMPIC GAMES
The Paralympic Games is a major international multi-sport event, involving athletes with a
range of physical and intellectual disabilities, including mobility disabilities, amputations,
blindness, and cerebral palsy. There are Winter and Summer Paralympic Games, which
are held immediately following the respective Olympic Games since the 1988 Summer
Games in Seoul, South Korea. The Paralympics have grown from a small gathering of
British World War II veterans in 1948 to become one of the largest international sporting
events by the early 21st century. Paralympians strive for equal treatment with non-disabled
Olympic athletes, but there is a large funding gap between Olympic and Paralympic
athletes.
WORDLIST
founder
zakladatel
inhabited
osídlený
associated with
spojený s
QUESTIONS:
How often are the Olympic Games held?
Who was the founder of the modern Olympic Games?
What is the Olympic motto?
What are the Olympic symbols?
What is the name of the games in which disabled athletes compete?
105
WORDLIST
accomplish an
ultimate goal
dosáhnout
vrcholného výsledku
account for
accountancy
adjust
aerials
mít podíl, tvořit
účetnictví
přizpůsobit, seřídit
akrobatické skoky
na lyžích (disciplina)
aerobatics
agility
achievement
air sports
alienate
apparatus
approach
aquatics
archery
arrange
letecká akrobacie
hbitost
úspěch, výsledek
letecké sporty
znepřátelit
nářad
přístup; rozběh
plavecké sporty
lukostřelba
zařídit / domluvit /
sjednat
zařídit, dojednat
spojený s
zápas venku
zázemí
kladina
chování
boby
miska
být oddaný jedné
značce
průnik defenzivní
linie
brokolice
rozpočet
zaneprázdněný
zelí
vodní turistika
uhlohydráty
arrange
associated with
away game
background
balance beam
behaviour
bobsleigh
bowl
brand loyal
breach [bríč] of the
defensive line
broccoli
budget
busy
cabbage
canoe touring
carbohydrates
cardiovascular
cauliflower
cells
Central
defender/Centre-half
Central midfielder
climbing
coin toss
colleague
combat
combat sports
compete
competitor
complimentary
concern
conduct
consent
constraint
consumer
contest
coordinate
counter-attack
cover
cross-country skiing
crowd
cycleball
deal
deal with
dedication
demanding
depend on
diet
digestive
direct-mail
kardiovaskulární
květák
buňky
střední obránce
střední záložník
lezení
hod mincí
kolega
boj, zápas
úpolové (bojové)
sporty
soutěžit
konkurent
pochvalný
zabývat se
chování
souhlas
omezení
spotřebitel
soutěž, závod
koordinovat
protiútok
pokrýt, pokrývat
běh na lyžích
diváci, dav
kolová (sport)
dohoda, obchod
jednat s
oddanost
náročný
záviset na
jídlo, strava,
jídelníček
trávící
reklamní leták
106
diving
dog-sledging
downhill race
dressage
dribble
dribbling
emerge
endocrine
endurance
endurance sports
end-user
energy
engine
entail
entire
equally
equestrian
essential
ethical
event
event
exception
exceptional player
excess training
expand
expect
expect
explain
fat
fencing
fibre
field
figure skating
flat water canoeing
floor exercise
1skoky do vody, 2
potápění
psí spřežení
(závody)
závod ve sjezdu (na
lyžích)
drezura
driblovat, kličkovat
driblování, kličkování
objevit se
endokrynní
vytrvalost
vytrvalostní sporty
koncový uživatel
energie
hnací síla
mít za následek
celý, úplný
stejně
jezdectví
nezbytný
mravní, morální
1 událost, 2 závod,
disciplina
1 událost, 2 závod,
disciplina
výjimka
vyjímečný hráč
nadměrný trénink
rozrůst, rozšířit se
očekávat
očekávat
vysvětlit
tuk
šerm
vláknina
pole působnosti
krasobruslení
rychlostní kanoistika
prostná
focus on
focus on
football tennis
founder
Fullback/Wingback
giant slalom
giveaway
goal
grace
graduate
grits
half-pipe
handball
hang-gliding
health-conscious
high bar
horse racing
hurdles
choice
ice dancing
ice sledge hockey
illegal substances
improper equipment
improvement
include
increase participation
indoor cycling
inhabited
injury
insufficient
introduce
involve
joint
zaměřit se na
zaměřit se na
nohejbal
zakladatel
obránce/křídlo
obří slalom
reklamní dárek
cíl
ladnost
absolvent,
absolvovat
kukuřičná kaše
U rampa
(snowboardová
disciplina)
házená
létání na rogalovém
křídle
být si vědom svého
zdraví
hrazda
dostihy
překážky (v atletice)
volba
tance na ledě
lední hokej pro
postižené sedící na
spec. saních
zakázané látky
nevhodné vybavení
zlepšení
zahrnovat
zvýšit účast
sálová cyklistika
osídlený
zranění
nedostatečný
představit (se)
zahrnovat
vykloubení
107
lack
leek
legal
lettuce
license
losing streak
luge, skeleton
lymphatic
mainly
maintain
military
minerals
mountaineering
move forward
muscular
negotiate
nervous
nutrients
occur
offence
off-season
omelet
opposition
organs
orienteering
outcome
outscoring
overload
overtraining
parallel bars
participants
pass
permission
nedostatek
pórek
právní, zákonný
salát
dát povolení
série proher
saně (olympijské
discipliny)
lymfatický
hlavně
udržovat
závody
všestrannosti jezdecká disciplina
(jízda, běh, parkur)
minerály
horolezectví
pohyb dopředu /
vyrážet / vybíhat
dopředu
svalový
vyjednávat
nervový
živiny
objevit se
přestupek
mimo sezónu
omeleta
soupeř
orgány
orientační běh
výstup, výsledek
vyskórovat
zatížení / zátěž
přetrénování
bradla (muži)
účastníci
přihrát, nahrát - míč,
puk apod.
povolení
physical fitness
plateau [ple-tó]
fyzická zdatnost
fáze plató – ústálení
výkonnosti
playing season
playing strategy
pole vault
pommel horse
practice schedule
preparation
promotion
proteins
provide
purchase
purchase
pursuit
reach
receive
refer to
regardless
relay
rely on
reproductive
require
respiratory
responsibility
rest
revenue stream
rights
road cycling
rowing
sailing
scuba diving
sculling
shooting
shot put
show jumping
sign
sign a contract
hrací sezóna
herní strategie
skok o tyči
kůň na šíř (s madly)
rozvrh tréninků
příprava
reklama
proteiny
poskytnout
zakoupit, nakoupit
nákup
stíhací závod
dosáhnout
obdržet
vztahovat se k
bez ohledu na
štafeta
spolehnout se na
reproduktivní
vyžadovat
dýchací
zodpovědnost
odpočinek
zdroj příjmů
práva
silniční cyklistika
veslování
jachtink
přístrojové potápění
skulérské veslování
střelba
vrh koulí
parkůr
podepsat smouvu
podepsat smlouvu
108
significantly
skeletal
sled, sledge
sophisticated
speed skating
sprain
steeplechase
stiffness
still rings
strain
strength
Striker/Centre forward
subdivision
sugar
support
suppose
swelling
synchronised
swimming
tactic
take advantage of
take turns
výrazně, významně
kosterní
sane
důmyslný,
propracovaný
rychlobruslení
výron
běh přes překážky (v
atletice a v
jezdectví)
zatuhlost
kruhy
natažený sval
síla
útočník
(pod)sekce
cukr
podpora /
podporovat
předpokládat
opuchlina
akvabely;
synchronisované
plavání
taktika
využít, využívat
střídat se
target
target
team-mate
technique
tend to
tissues
to be altered by
to be directly related
to
to be divided into
to be linked with
to meet the needs
and wants of the
consumer
track cycling
turf
underwater sports
uneven bars
urinary
vault
weightlifting
whitewater canoeing
wrestling
cílový
cíl
spoluhráč
technika
klonit se k něčemu
tkáně
změněný (čím)
primo se vztahovat k
něčemu
být rozdělený do
být spojen s
uspokojit potřeby a
přání spotřebitele
dráhová cyklistika
dostihy
sporty pod vodou
bradla (ženy)
močový (vylučovací)
přeskok
vzpírání
kanoistika na divoké
vodě
zápas (sport)
109
REFERENCES
SPORT MANAGEMENT
Alexander Richard, Jones Leo: New International Businesses English; Cambridge University
Press, 1996.
Brieger Nick, Comfort Jeremy: Early Business Contacts; Prentice Hall Europe, 1998.
http://www.sportbiz.cz/category/marketing/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_management
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http://www.thesportmarket.biz/glossary.htm
http://www.jobsinsports.com/blog/post.cfm/sports-business-terminology-speaking-the-lingo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_marketing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Media_and_Sports
https://www.princetonreview.com/Careers.aspx?cid=148
http://www.brianmac.co.uk/styles.htm
http://www.mts.net/~cglass/Coaching%20Styles.pdf
http://sportscienceandhealth.com/coaching-styles/
SPORT
http://www.ftvs.cuni.cz/eknihy/jazyky/sportstudiesfundamentalterminologyinenglish/Texts/2Concept.html#1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Individual_sports
110
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_sport
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_sports
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_sports
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_sport
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_%28sport%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football
http://www.talkfootball.co.uk/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey
http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/stanley_f/stanley_f.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball
http://www.ftvs.cuni.cz/eknihy/jazyky/sportstudiesfundamentalterminologyinenglish/Texts/4Human.html
http://www.ftvs.cuni.cz/eknihy/jazyky/sportstudiesfundamentalterminologyinenglish/Texts/7Principles.html
https://www.google.cz/imghphl=cs&tab=wi&ei=kYDzUvvnGsLa4wSKnYLwCQ&ved=0CAQQqi4oAg
http://www.jihlava.cz/
http://www.rutina.cz/
111
http://www.eu2009.cz/en/czech-republic/sport/famous-sportsmen/famous-czech-athletes-459/
http://www.czech.cz/en/Discover-CZ/Lifestyle-in-the-Czech-Republic/Sport-and-leisure/FamousCzech-sportsmen
http://www.expats.cz/prague/article/sports-fitness/top-10-czech-sports-legends/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Petra_Kvitova_Rosewater_dish.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_V%C3%A1%C5%88a
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games
112