INTEREST GRABBER – NOTEBOOK #1
AN IMPORTANT PROCESS
While walking along a dusty path, you begin to cough. As you
continue your walk, a small insect comes flying toward you.
You blink and then duck so that it misses you. These actions
are just a few examples of homeostasis. Homeostasis is the
process by which organisms keep internal conditions
relatively constant despite changes in their external
environments.
1. List three other examples of
homeostasis that occur in organisms.
2. Why is homeostasis important to an
organism?
INTEREST GRABBER
1. List three other examples of homeostasis that
occur in organisms.
Accept all reasonable student examples that
show an understanding of homeostasis.
2. Why is homeostasis important to an organism?
Homeostasis allows an organism to remain in
balance with its environment. If homeostasis is
not maintained, it can harm the organism or
result in the death of the organism.
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN A
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Complete organism
NERVOUS SYSTEM - controls and coordinates
functions throughout the body and responds to internal
and external stimuli
Nervous System
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Circulatory System
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Structures: Brain, spinal cord,
peripheral nerves
Function: Recognizes and coordinates
the body’s response to changes in the
internal and external environments
NERVOUS SYSTEM - THE SYNAPSE
Direction of Impulse
-chemical messages
(neurotransmitters)
are sent to the
synapse
Dendrite of
adjacent neuron
Axon
Vesicle
Receptor
Axon
terminal
Synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitter
THE BRAIN- left side of the body is controlled by the
right side of the brain and the right side of the body is
controlled by the left side of the brain
Cerebrum
Thalamus
Pineal
gland
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Pituitary gland
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM – serves as a barrier
against infection and injury (skin.)
Nervous System
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Circulatory System
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Helps regulate body temperature, removes
waste products from the body, and provides
protection from the radiation from the sun.
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
SKELETAL SYSTEM – supports the body, protects internal
organs, provides for movement, stores mineral reserves.
206 Bones in the human body.
Nervous System
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Circulatory System
SKELETAL SYSTEM – site for blood formation
SKELETAL SYSTEM – BONE STRUCTURE
NOTEBOOK #2
1. What are the levels of organization in the human body?
2. What is the job of the nervous system?
3. What is a neurotransmitter?
4. What is the synapse?
5. What is the integumentary system?
6. What are some of the jobs of the integumentary
system?
7. What is the job of the skeletal system?
8. What important tissue is manufactured in the bone
marrow?
MUSCULAR SYSTEM – three types of muscle
tissue allow for movement in the body
Nervous System
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Circulatory System
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Cardiac – found only in the heart
Skeletal – usually attached to bone, responsible for voluntary movement
Smooth – usually involuntary, found in internal organs (ex. Digestive tract)
MUSCULAR SYSTEM – MUSCLE TISSUE
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM – consists of the heart
and a series of blood vessels
Nervous System
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Circulatory System
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Arteries carry blood
AWAY from the
heart (oxygenated.)
• Veins carry blood
TO the heart
(deoxygenated.)
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Arteries have a pulse and are under great pressure.
• Veins have valves to stop the back-flow of blood.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
INTERESTING FACT
Red blood cells have no nucleus, so they have no DNA.
How can DNA tests be performed on a blood sample?
When a DNA laboratory receives a sample of blood in a
test tube, the sample is put in a centrifuge to spin to
separate the red cells from the rest of the blood. The
DNA is extracted from the fraction containing the white
blood cells.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – brings the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood, air, and
tissues
Respiratory System
Endocrine System
Digestive System
Reproductive System
Excretory System
Lymphatic/Immune Systems
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Larynx – contains vocal cords – found at the top of the
trachea
Trachea – windpipe
Bronchi – lead to the lungs
Alveoli – tiny air sacs, allow gas exchange
Diaphragm – flat muscle that pulls air into the lungs
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
NOTEBOOK #3
1. What are the three kinds of muscle tissue?
2. Where do you find cardiac muscle?
3. Where do you find skeletal muscle?
4. Where do you find smooth muscle?
5. What organelle is found in large numbers in muscle
tissue?
6. What organs make up the circulatory system?
7. What is the difference between veins and arteries?
8. What is the job of the respiratory system?
9. What is the job of the alveoli?
10.What is the job of the diaphragm?
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM – helps convert foods into simpler
molecules that can be absorbed and used by the cells of the body
Respiratory System
Endocrine System
Digestive System
Reproductive System
Excretory System
Lymphatic/Immune Systems
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• Includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, and small intestine
• Accessory organs include the salivary
glands, the pancreas and the liver
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Peristalsis – food
travels down the
esophagus by a
rhythmic
contraction of
smooth muscle
EXCRETORY SYSTEM – eliminates waste products
from the body in ways that maintain homeostasis
Respiratory System
Endocrine System
Digestive System
Reproductive System
Excretory System
Lymphatic/Immune Systems
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
• Includes the skin, lungs, kidneys,
ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM – controls growth development
and metabolism; maintains homeostasis
Respiratory System
Endocrine System
Digestive System
Reproductive System
Excretory System
Lymphatic/Immune Systems
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• Includes the hypothalamus,
pituitary gland, thyroid,
parathyroids, adrenals,
pancreas, ovaries, and testes
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
NOTEBOOK #4
1. What is the job of the digestive system?
2. Name several organs in the digestive system.
3. What is peristalsis?
4. What is the job of the excretory system?
5. What are some organs in the excretory system?
6. What is the job of the endocrine system?
7. Name some organs in the endocrine system?
8. Where is the pituitary gland found?
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM –produces reproductive cells
(egg and sperm)
Respiratory System
Endocrine System
Digestive System
Reproductive System
Excretory System
Lymphatic/Immune Systems
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Includes the testes, epididymis, vas
deferens, urethra, penis, ovaries,
fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - PLACENTA
• connects the fetus to
the uterine wall to
allow for nutrient
uptake, waste
elimination and gas
exchange via the
mothers blood supply.
LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE SYSTEM – helps protect the body
from disease; collects fluid lost from blood vessels and returns the
fluid to the circulatory system
Respiratory System
Endocrine System
Digestive System
Reproductive System
Excretory System
Lymphatic/Immune Systems
LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE SYSTEM
• Includes the
white blood
cells, thymus,
spleen, lymph
nodes, lymph
vessels
LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE SYSTEM
LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE SYSTEM
Spleen- removes old red blood cells,
stores blood, and recycles iron
NOTEBOOK #5
1.What is the job of the reproductive system?
2.What are some of the organs of the
reproductive system?
3.What is the job of the placenta?
4.What is the lymphatic/immune system?
5.What are some organs of the lymphatic/
immune system?
6.What is the job of the spleen?