Name: ______________________
Matter and Energy Test Study Guide
Scientific Method Review (SCI 6.1)
1. List the three main types of data graphs and the purpose for each:
Type
Purpose
2. Explain why it is important that scientists around the world use the International System of
Units to report data. ________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Matter & Energy (SOL 6.2, 6.4, & 6.9)
Essential Question: What is the relationship between matter and energy?
Textbook Help: pgs.
3. What is matter? ____________________________________________________________
4. What is matter made of? _____________________________________________________
5. What is energy? ___________________________________________________________
6. Why does matter need energy? ________________________________________________
Essential Question: What is the basic structure of an atom?
Textbook Help: pgs.
7. What is an element? _________________________________________________________
8. Name the 3 subatomic particles that make up an atom. _______________________________
9. Atomic Structure: Use the information in the Periodic Table to draw and label a model of an
atom of the following elements.
BORON
LITHIUM
Essential Question: How are the atoms of two elements alike and different?
Textbook Help: pgs.
10. What subatomic particle determines an element’s position in the periodic table? __proton__
11. What do we call this number when it appears on the periodic table? ____atomic #____
12. What subatomic particle can you count in a model of an atom to determine the name of the
element? _____protons____________________________________________
13. Is it possible to have an atom of two different elements with the same number of protons?
Explain why or why not. No, because protons are unique to each type of element- that is why that
number is used for the atomic #- it never changes for atoms of the sam e element___________
14. Using the Periodic Table, identify the atomic number and atomic mass for the following elements:
Silicon:
_________ Atomic Number
Aluminum:
_________ Atomic Mass
_________ Atomic Number
_________ Atomic Mass
15. What subatomic particles make up the atomic mass? ______protons and neutrons____________
16. Explain how to determine the number of neutrons in an atom. ____mass - protons= neutrons _
17. Explain how to determine the number of electrons in an atom. ______same as protons_______
Essential Question: Which elements are the most abundant on Earth?
Textbook Help: pgs.
18. Write the name and symbol and for each common Earth element, and where it is commonly found.
Name
Symbol
Hydrogen
H
Argon
Ar
Magnesium
Mg
Calcium
Ca
Sulfur
S
Carbon
C
Iron
Fe
Silicon
Si
Oxygen
O
Aluminum
Al
Nitrogen
N
Potassium
K
Phosphorus
P
Chlorine
Cl
Sodium
Na
Location(s) Found
19. Which common element is the most abundant on Earth? ______oxygen_____________
Essential Question: How are chemical formulas and chemical equations used to model
basic chemical reactions?
Textbook Help: pgs.
20. What is a molecule? _________________________________________________________
21. What is a compound? ________________________________________________________
22. How is a molecule different from a compound? _____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
23. What is the difference between a molecule of an element and a molecule of a compound?
_________________________________________________________________________
24. How is a mixture different from a compound? _____mixtures are not chemically bonded, not all
the same type of substance ______________________________________________
25. What information does a chemical formula give? __it tells what a molecule of a substance is made
of using chemical symbols and numbers- it tells which elements its made of and how many atoms
of each element there are in the molecule __________________________
26. In this chemical formula, 2H2O, what information does the subscript (small #) give?
_____it means there are 2 hydrogen atoms in the molecule __________________________
27. In the formula above, what information does the coefficient (large #) give?
____ it means there are 2 molecules of H2O _____________________________________
28. Review the formulas provided in the chart below. Explain what each molecule is made of by listing
the types of atoms (element) and amount of each in the formula. Identify each formula
(substance) as an element or a compound.
Formula
Name each element and # of atoms for each
Compound or Element
3O2
Oxygen=6
Element
CaCl3
Calcium=1 chlorine=3
Compound
Ca2SO4
Calcium=2 sulfur=1 oxygen=4
compound
29. Draw and label a diagram of the molecule(s) 2CO2 and CaSO4.
30. What is the purpose of a chemical equation? _to show how substances change in chemical reactions _
31. Why does a chemical equation need to be balanced? ________because matter cannot be created
or destroyed in a chemical reaction, so all present atome at the beginning will exist at the end in
the same quantities ______________________
32. How do you know if an equation is balanced? _____there should be the same number of atoms of
each element on both sides of the equation
__________________
33. Are the following equations balanced?

YES
NO
2S + 3O2 
SO3
What coefficient could you add to SO3 to balance it? __2_ SO3

YES
NO
2NaCl + F2 
NaF +
Cl2
What coefficient(s) could you add to NaF and/or Cl2 to balance it? __2_ NaF + ___Cl2
Essential Question: What is the difference between the basic forms of energy?
Textbook Help: pgs.
34. Define Potential Energy. _______stored energy, waiting to be used ____________________
35. Define Kinetic Energy. _______energy in action or actively working______________________
36-43. Label potential or kinetic and provide a brief definition/explanation for each type of energy
and give an example for each:
Type of Energy
Potential or
Definition/Explanation
Example
Kinetic?
36. Mechanical
K
The energy of movement or the motion of
an object
37. Thermal
38. Electromagnetic
39. Electrical
40. Gravitational
K
K
K
P
Potential
41. Elastic Potential
42. Chemical
P
P
Sound, jumping,
breathing
Energy in the motion of molecules, felt as
Heat from sun,
heat
heater, fire
Energy that travels in waves (radiant
Visible light,
energy)
microwaves, xrays
Energy in moving electrons (electric
Lightning, static
charges)
shock, power lines
Energy an object has based on its height
Leaves, rain,
above the ground (potential to fall)
airplane in flight
Energy of an object in a bent, stretched
Ball, rubber band,
or compressed position
trampoline, spring
Energy held in the chemical bonds of
Food and fuels
molecules
43. Nuclear
P
Energy that holds an atom together- it is
Nuclear power
stored in the nucleus
plant, stars
44. Potential or Kinetic?: Read each description of matter and tell what form of energy describes it
best. Use the letters GP for gravitational potential, EP for elastic potential, and K for kinetic.
a. __EP_____ A jack-in-the-box closed and ready to pop up.
b. __K_____ Electrons traveling through a wire in an electrical current.
c. __GP_____ A bowling ball set at the top of a staircase.
d. __EP_____ A person who just landed on a trampoline.
e. A rock resting on the top of a hill changes from __GP_______ energy to
___K______ energy when it begins to roll down.
Essential Question: How do primary energy sources transform into secondary energy
sources?
Textbook Help: pgs.
45. Define the Law of Conservation of Energy. _______Energy cannot be created or destroys, it can
only be moved(transferred) or changed(converted/transformed) ______________
46-49. Fill in the correct form of energy. Use electromagnetic(light), mechanical(motion),
thermal(heat), chemical, electrical and nuclear.

In plants, ____electromagnetic (light)_ energy from the sun is converted to
____chemical______ energy in the plant.

When you turn on the TV, ____electrical____ energy is converted to
____electromagnetic_ and __mechanical_ energy.

When I tripped and skinned my knee, ___mechanical_______ energy was
converted to ______thermal_________ energy when my knee hit the ground.

The sun converts ____nuclear___________ energy to
_____thermal____________ and _______electromagnetic______ energy when
it fuses atoms.
Essential Question: How do most energy resources on Earth transform from solar
radiation?
Textbook Help: pgs.
50. Explain one way that energy from the sun (electromagnetic energy) can be converted into
electricity.
Example: Electromagnetic energy from the sun heats the ground creating wind. The mechanical
energy from the wind spins a wind turbine. The turbine spins a generator which converts the
mechanical energy into electrical energy.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Essential Question: What are the differences between renewable and nonrenewable
resources?
Textbook Help: pgs.
51. Explain what a renewable resource is. ___a resource that is naturally replaced as it is used
___________________________________________________________________
52. Explain what a nonrenewable resource is. _____a resource that cannot be replaced after use or it
is used faster than it can replenish itself _________________________________________
Essential Question: How do energy resources change over time?
Textbook Help: pgs.
53-61. Fill in each blank with the correct word from the word bank concerning our energy resources.
Some terms may be used more than once.
Earth’s heat (geothermal)
solar
fossil fuels
nonrenewable
wood (biomass)
thermal
sun
atomic fuel(uranium)
renewable
water
nuclear
a. We are running out of coal, oil, and natural gas, which are called_____fossil fuels
____,
because they form from ancient plants and animals. They are also considered to be
_______nonrenewable___ resources because of the time it takes for them to form.
b. In addition to fossil fuels, ___atomic fuel(uranium)__ is also considered non-renewable because
using it in a power plant destroys atoms which cannot be remade by the earth.
c. By harnessing the energy of the tides or a river, you are using moving _____water________ as
an energy resource.
d. The heat that comes from magma, which is warming the area just below the surface of the earth,
is called ___earth’s heat (gepthermal)___.
e. Splitting an atom is called fission and is used to release ______nuclear________ energy from
the atom. When it is released it transforms into electromagnetic, mechanical and
____thermal____ energy, which is used in power plants.
f. The source of most energy on earth comes from the ______sun______ either directly or
indirectly.
g.
Biomass/Wood____ can be used to burn in power plants and does not take long to grow.
Garbage, and corn are also examples of biomass that can be used in either power plants or to
make fuel for cars.
h. Windmills or wind turbines can be used to generate electricity. Wind energy is considered to be a
____renewable___ resource because the sun rises every day, making wind.
i.
In addition to wind, __solar_________, ____water_______, ____biomass_______, and
____geothermal___ are also renewable resources.
Essential Question: How can energy conservation impact your daily life?
Textbook Help: pgs.
62. Why is it important to conserve our energy resources?
____the most heavily used resource is fossil fuels, which are running out- they are used faster
that the earth can make them ___________________________________
63. List three things that you can do to protect our energy resources.
___turn off electronics and lights when not in use ____________________________
Carpool, walk or ride a bike as often as you can_____________________________
Recycle, because ituses less energy to remake products than make new ones from new
materials ____________________________