William V. Ganis, PhD

B.C.=before Christ
B.C.E.=before the Common Era
A.D.=
(the year of our Lord)
C.E.=Common Era c. or ca.= circa C.=century

Pebble resembling a human face from Makaspansgat South Africa ca. 3,000,000 B.C.E. reddish brown jasperite approximately 2 3/8 in. wide

Apollo 11 Cave
Namibia ca. 23,000 B.C.E. charcoal on stone
5 in x 4 3/4 in.

Human with Feline Head from Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany ca. 30,000-28,000 B.C.E. mammoth ivory
11 5/8 in. high

Human with Feline Head from Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany ca. 30,000-28,000 B.C.E. mammoth ivory
11 5/8 in. high

Venus of Willendorf from Willendorf, Austria ca. 28,000-25,000 B.C.E. limestone
4 1/4 in. high

Woman of Lespugue from cave of Les Rideaux, France ca. 20,000 B.C.E. mammoth ivory
5 3/4 in. high

Various European “ Venus ” figures

Woman of Laussel from a cave in
Laussel, Dordogne, France ca. 25,000-20,000 B.C.E. painted limestone approximately 18 in. high

Bison reliefs from a cave at Le Tuc d’Audoubert,
Ariége, France ca. 15,000-10,000 B.C.E. clay each approximately 2 feet long

Figure 1-8 Bison with turned head, fragmentary spearthrower, from La Madeleine, France, ca. 12,000 BCE. Reindeer horn, 4” long.
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Altamira Cave paintings
Santander, Spain ca. 12,000-11,000 B.C.E. pigment on stone

Figure 1-9 Bison, detail of a painted ceiling in the cave at
Altamira, Spain, ca. 12,000 –11,000
BCE. Each bison 5’ long.
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Pech-Merle Cave paintings
Lot, France ca. 22,000 B.C.E. pigment on stone

Figure 1-10 Spotted horses and negative hand imprints, wall painting in the cave at Pech-Merle, France, ca. 22,000 BCE. 11’ 2” long.
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Figure 1-11 Hall of the Bulls (left wall) in the cave at Lascaux, France, ca. 15,000 –13,000 BCE. Largest bull 11’
6” long.
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Lascaux Cave paintings
Lascaux, Dordogne, France ca. 15,000-13,000 B.C.E. pigment on stone

Figure 1-13 Rhinoceros, wounded man, and disemboweled bison, painting in the well of the cave at Lascaux, France ca. 15,000 – 13,000 BCE. Bison 3’ 8” long.
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Chauvet Cave paintings
Vallon-Pont-d’Arc, Ardèche, France ca. 30,000-28,000 B.C.E. pigment on stone

Figure 1-12 Aurochs, horses, and rhinoceroses, wall painting in Chauvet Cave, Vallon-Pont-
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30,000 –28,000 or ca. 15,000–13,000 BCE.

Mammoth bone dwelling from Ukraine ca. 16,000-10,000 B.C.E.

Great Stone Tower of Settlement
Wall
Jericho, Israel/Gaza ca. 8,000-7,000 B.C.E.

Human Skulls with
Restored Features from Jericho, Israel/Gaza ca. 7,000-6,000 B.C.E. skulls, plaster, shells

Human figure
From Ain Ghazal, Jordan ca. 6,750-6,250 B.C.E. plaster, painted and inlaid with cowrie shell and bitumen

Figure 1-16 Restored view of a section of Level VI, Çatal Höyük, Turkey, ca. 6000 –5900 BCE
(John Swogger).
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Çatal Höyük
Turkey ca. 6,000-5,900 B.C.E.

Deer Hunt detail of a wall painting from
Level III
Çatal Höyük, Turkey ca. 5,750 B.C.E.

Çatal Höyük
Turkey ca. 6,000-5,900 B.C.E.

Landscape with Volcanic Eruption
Ç atal Höyük, Turkey ca. 6150 watercolor copy of a wall painting

Figures of Man and
Woman
From Cernavoda,
Romania ca. 4,000-3,500 B.C.E. ceramic
4 1/2 in. high

Menhir alignments at
Ménec,
Carnac, France ca. 4,250-3,750 B.C.E.

various Menhirs
Ireland, Scotland, England, France

Dolmens
Ireland, Scotland, England, France

Figure 1-19 Gallery leading to the main chamber of the passage grave, Newgrange, Ireland, ca.
3200 – 2500 BCE.
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Stonehenge
Salisury Plain, Wiltshire, England ca. 2,550-1,600 B.C.E. sarsen and bluestone

Figure 1-20 Aerial view of Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain, England, ca. 2550 –1600 BCE. Circle is 97' in diameter; trilithons 24' high.
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