Welcome and Namaste
In
Training of Trainer in ICT and e-governance
Myself
Suwarn Kr. Singh
MCMIS- Netherlands, EMBA-Pokhara University,
MscIT-Manipal University
Director of Studies, NASC
10 + yrs of work experience as an IT and Management
Professional
Let’s know each other
Find someone
Agenda
 Basics of computer and ICT
 Observe where we are: Organizational reality
 ICT for developing/ developed nation
 Knowing basics of ICT
 Drafting our roadmap for ICT
The History of Computing
• 3000 B.C.: The Abacus
– The original mechanical counting device
1642: The Pascaline
– A counting-wheel design
• A single revolution of one wheel would engage
gears that turned the wheel one tenth of a
revolution to its immediate left
Jacquard Loom Salesman’s
Model
1842: Bassage’s Difference Engine and the
Analytical Engine
Diagram Showing Method
A Pantograph Punch
1942: The First Eletcronic Digital Computer:
The ABC
1946: The Electronic ENIAC Computer
– Used vacuum tubes
– ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
1951: The UNIVAC I and the First
Generation of Computers
– Used vacuum tubes in the first generation of
computers (1951-1959)
1963: The PDP-8 Minicomputer
– In 1963 Digital Equipment Corporation introduced the
PDP-8
– The first successful minicomputer
1964: The IBM System/360 and the Third
Generation of Computers
– The third generation was characterized by computers
built around integrated circuits
1981: The IBM PC
– IBM tossed its hat into the personal computer ring with
its announcement of the IBM Personal Computer
1989: The World Wide Web
– Berners-Lee and a small team of scientists conceived
HTML (the language of the Internet), URLs (Internet
addresses), and put up the first server supporting the
neq World Wide Web format
1996: The Handheld Computer
– The Palm Pilot handheld computer was introduced by
Palm Computing, Inc.
Personal Computers to Supercomputers
• Personal Computer (PC)
– Desktop PC
Notebook PC
Tablet PC
Wearable PC
Handheld Computer
Workstation
– To visualize and solve complex, technical
problems.
Server Computers
– Applications in business financial, customer
management solutions, decision support data
warehouse, e-commerce, and enterprise
resource planning
Supercomputer
Information Systems
• Data processing systems
– Transaction handling, record keeping
– Primarily for clerical personnel and
operational-level managers
Artificial intelligence
– Expert systems, simulation of human sensory
capabilities, neural networks, intelligent agents,
robots and robotics
Virtual reality
– Combines computer graphics with special
hardware to immerse users in an artificial
three-dimensional world
Checking our understanding on ICT
Select on of these that suits your knowledge about ICT:
• Integral part of our lifestyles. Tools to transform the way we live,
work and play
• ICTs are basically information handling tools
• Technologically advanced hardware, software, network, data and
information and people put together to work at great speed
• Clear institutional mandate for change
• Tools to achieve reach/cater new market segment
• Tendency to define the public face of the organization
• Growing tomatoes
Observe where we are: Organizational reality
Digital Age
• With the development of
Information Communication
Technology,
– e-plus functions have
been gradually replacing
traditional activities
• e-Business, e-Government,
e- Banking, e-Education, eLearning and many more
ICT Changing the Way of Life
• The Way we do business
– (E-commerce, E-procurement, Online Banking)
• The Way of communicate
– (Mobile, SMS, video conference)
• The Way of Government Function
– (E-governances, digital Signature, e-democracy)
• The Way we entertain
– (Online Game, Internet, Video)
• The Way we share Information
– (Internet, Virtual Library)
• The Way we Delivered
– (e-health, E-learning, Shopping, Online Banking)
"I think there is a world market for
maybe five computers."
--Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943
"Computers in the future may weigh no more
than 1.5 tons."
--Popular Mechanics, forecasting the relentless march of
science, 1949
“The illiterate of the 21st century will not
be those who cannot read and write, but
those who cannot learn, unlearn, and
relearn. ” ― Alvin Toffler
ICT for 21st Century:
Information and communication technology can help all
kinds of businesses:
• improve the efficiency and effectiveness,
• managerial decision making,
• workgroup collaboration,
• strengthening their competitive positions in a rapidly
changing marketplace.
What is an Information System?
Any organized combination of:
– people,
– hardware,
– software,
– communications networks,
– and data resources
that stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in
an organization.
Complex but Efficient…….
Smart and Portable….
But it always consists enables to
process data to convert into
meaningful information which helps
managers to make managerial
decisions…
Trends in Information Systems
One of the most significant trends identified in the report finds that the age of
“viewing everything through an application lens is coming to an end.”
Information technology is evolving from a world that is server-centric to one
that is service-centric.
The fortress mentality, in which all IT has to be architected to be foolproof, is giving
way to a security architecture that responds proportionately to threats when and
where they happen.”
Accenture also sees a new conversation emerging around cloud computing, which
will become so pervasive that the term itself becomes superfluous. According to the
report, hybrid clouds – software-as-a-service (SaaS) and platform-as-a-service (PaaS)
in combination with internal applications – will “cement IT’s role as a driver of
business growth.”
Companies that continue to view analytics as a simple extension of business
intelligence will be “severely underestimating analytics’ potential to move the
needles on the business.”
The report also predicts the evolution of social media into social platforms. This
means company websites may no longer be the first port of call for customers.
Information technology is evolving from a world that is server-centric to
one that is service-centric.
Today, business process design is driven by the need for optimization and
cost reduction. Tomorrow it will be driven by the need to create superior
user experiences that help to boost customer satisfaction
Types of Information Systems
Data, Information and Knowledge
Processed
DATA
INFORMATION
Relevant
and
actionable
KNOWLEDGE
Relevant and actionable
Data refers to an elementary description of things, events, activities and transactions that
are recorded, classified, and stored, but not organized to convey any specific meaning. A
sample form of data can be numeric, alphanumeric, figures, sounds or images.
Information is data that has been organized so that it has meaning and value to the recipient. A
recipient may be able to interpret the meaning and draw appropriate conclusions or
implications from the information.
Knowledge consists of data or information that has been organized and processed to convey
understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as it applies to a current
problem or activity. It is a combination of rules, ideas, and procedures that guide individual
/organization actions and decisions.
Competing with Information Technology
Challenges Vs Opportunity
Opportunities
Increasing Speed of Uptake of Technology
35 Year
13 Year 5 Year
50 Million
100 Million in 6 Month
1 Year
Opportunities
Mobile and Internet in Nepal
92.68%
२ करोड ४५ ऱाख ५६ हजार
Tele Density (२६४९५५०४ मध्ये)
33.15%
८७ ऱाख ८३ हजार
Internet Penetration
MIS Report of NTA, Ashad 2071
Opportunities
Opportunities
Challenges
Digital Divide: Many of us think
of the internet as a global
community. But two-third of the
world’s population does not yet
have internet access.
Vision for tomorrow…….
Thank You