Student Name……………………………
VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1−Heredity
Student Answer Sheet
Answer each Multiple Choice question by circling the appropriate letter. Use a pencil. If you
make a mistake erase and enter the correct answer. Marks will not be deducted for incorrect
answers.
Write your answers to Short Answer Section in the space provided directly below the
question.
Multiple Choice
Question 1
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B
C
D
Question 2
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B
C
D
Question 3
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B
C
D
Question 4
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B
C
D
Question 5
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B
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D
Question 6
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B
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D
Question 7
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B
C
D
Question 8
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B
C
D
Question 9
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B
C
D
Question 10
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B
C
D
Question 11
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Question 12
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Question 13
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Question 14
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B
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D
Lisachem Materials VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1–Heredity
VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1−Heredity
Multiple Choice Section
Use the following information to answer questions 1 and 2.
The semi-aquatic plant Triglochin procera is found in Northern Victoria and has a diploid
number of 16. However, scientists have found that some forms of this plant can have multiple
sets of chromosomes such as 32 or 64 chromosomes. As well, the plants with multiple sets of
chromosomes can produce fertile offspring.
Question 1.
The forms of plant that have multiple sets of chromosomes are an example of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
polygenics.
polymorphism.
polyploidy.
polyteny.
Question 2.
Which statement best describes how the plants with multiples sets of chromosomes can
produce fertile offspring. The plants with multiple set of chromosomes:
A.
B.
C.
D.
are more fertile than plants that are diploid.
undergo non-disjunction during meiosis.
undergo disjunction during meiosis while plants that are diploid do not.
are able to form homologous pairs during meiosis, which leads to the production of
gametes that can unite during fertilization.
Question 3.
Which one of the following pedigrees most likely represents a sex-linked dominant pattern of
inheritance? Shaded individuals have the trait.
Lisachem Materials VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1–Heredity
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Question 4.
The table in Figure 1 below shows the results of many crosses between homozygous red
flowered snapdragon plants and homozygous white flowered snapdragon plants.
Flower colour
No. of offspring
Red flower
Pink flower
26
50
White flower
24
Figure 1
From the above information in Figure 1, one could conclude that pink flower colour in
snapdragon plants is the result of:
A.
complete dominance.
B.
co-dominance.
C.
incomplete dominance.
D.
differentiation.
Question 5.
The process by which the cytoplasm of a cell divides is referred to as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
cytogenetics.
cytoplasmic inheritance.
cytokinesis.
cytolysis.
Use the following information to answer questions 6, 7 and 8.
In humans, there is a sex-linked recessive disorder in which the kidneys fail to respond to the
hormone vasopressin. As a result, the kidney does not reabsorb water efficiently and large
amounts of dilute urine are produced. Figure 2 below shows a pedigree of a family displaying
the disorder and shaded individuals have the genetic disorder.
Figure 2
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Lisachem Materials VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1–Heredity
Question 6.
What feature of the pedigree in Figure 2 provides evidence that this genetic disorder is a sexlinked recessive one?
A.
B.
C.
D.
it is not possible for females to show a sex-linked recessive disorder.
the high incidence of males that are affected by this genetic disorder.
not all sons of a female affected by the genetic disorder will have the genetic
disorder.
not all of the children of a male and female with the genetic disorder will have
the genetic disorder.
Question 7.
With regard to this genetic disorder, individual II-4 in the above pedigree must be:
A.
B.
C.
D.
heterozygous.
homozygous recessive.
homozygous dominant.
cannot be determined from the information given.
Question 8.
If individual III-1, who has no family history of this genetic disorder, has children with
individual III-2, what is the chance that their children will have this genetic disorder?
A.
B.
C.
D.
0.
¼
½
1.
Question 9.
Following birth, each baby has a sample of blood that is taken to test for the genetic condition
known as phenylketonuria. This condition affects both genders equally and can be found in
babies of parents who do not show the condition. Which of the following best describes the
mechanism of inheritance for phenylketonuria?
A.
B.
C.
D.
sex-linked recessive.
sex-linked dominant.
autosomal dominant.
autosomal recessive.
Question 10.
People suffering from Patau syndrome have three copies of chromosome 13, rather than two.
The extra chromosome present is most probably the result of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
crossing over during meiosis.
non-disjunction during meiosis.
independent assortment during meiosis.
continuous variation among individuals.
Lisachem Materials VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1–Heredity
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Question 11.
An individual nucleotide found in DNA is made up of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
a nitrogen containing base, ribose sugar and a phosphate group.
uracil, deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group.
a nitrogen containing base, deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group.
nucleoside, deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group.
Question 12.
Figure 3 below is the results of DNA fingerprinting in a paternity case.
Individuals
Male A
Male B
Male C
Male D
Mother
Child
Figure 3
From the DNA fingerprinting results in Figure 3 above, which male could be the biological
father of the child? Male:
A.
B.
C.
D.
D.
C.
B.
A.
Question 13.
The transfer of plasmids, which contain foreign DNA, into a bacterial cell is referred to as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
4
transformation.
transgenic.
transduction.
transamination.
Lisachem Materials VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1–Heredity
Question 14.
In honey bees, Apis mellifica, female bees have 32 chromosomes while male bees have 16
chromosomes. Both sexes are necessary for sexual reproduction to take place. From your own
knowledge and the information provided, one could conclude that:
A.
B.
C.
D.
in males gametes would be formed during meiosis.
in females gametes would be formed during meiosis.
gametes would not be formed by either males or females.
in females gametes would not be formed during meiosis, since female bees
develop from unfertilized eggs.
Lisachem Materials VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1–Heredity
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Short Answer Section
Question 1.
DNA replication needs to occur so that cells can reproduce and be replaced after they die.
Cells also have a mechanism to correct mistakes that can occur during DNA replication. If
however a mistake in DNA replication is not corrected this may result in a spontaneous
mutation.
a.
b.
Which organs of the human body are at risk of a germline mutation?
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
Name the enzyme that separates the two strands of a DNA molecule prior to its
replication.
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
Figure 4 below is a diagrammatic representation of how scientists believe the processes
involved in turning a particular gene on or off can occur in bacteria. When substance X is
absent a particular protein binds to the operator gene and stops it from functioning. This
results in an enzyme that breaks down substance X not being made.
DNA
molecule
control region
with operator
gene
start of
transcription
protein code
area
stop
transcription
Figure 4
c.
What name is given to the protein that binds to the operator gene?
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
d.
Briefly explain what happens if substance X is present in large enough concentrations.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
6
Lisachem Materials VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1–Heredity
e.
Explain why pre m-RNA is longer than the m-RNA that is released from the nucleus.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
Total = 7 marks.
Question 2.
Biotechnology and modern genetic engineering involves the use of many different types of
techniques; to not only manipulate the DNA of organisms but also to transfer DNA from one
species to a different species.
a.
Name the part within a DNA molecule that forms a specific site for restriction
enzymes to cut.
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
b.
After the restriction enzymes have cut a single piece of DNA into a number of
different sized pieces, explain how these different lengths of DNA can be separated.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
c.
Briefly explain the two different ways that restriction enzymes may cut a section of
DNA molecule.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
d.
Name the vector found in bacterial cells that can carry DNA fragments across cell
membranes.
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
Lisachem Materials VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1–Heredity
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e.
Explain how gene cloning differs from polymerase chain reaction.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
Total = 7 marks
Question 3.
Pure breeding tall tomato plants(T) with hairy stems(H) were crossed with pure breeding short
tomato plants(t) with hairless stems(h). All the F1 offspring were tall and hairy. The two genes
for these two traits are on separate chromosomes.
a.
Write down all the phenotypes of the F2 generation if the F1 generation are
intercrossed.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
b.
How could a student determine if any tall and hairy tomato plants that she may come
across are pure breeding or not pure breeding for both of these traits?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
c.
Explain the meaning of the term crossing-over.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
d.
What is the name given to the chromosomes that result from crossing-over?
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
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Lisachem Materials VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1–Heredity
e.
A student crossed tomato plants with the genotypes ttHH and TThh. Is it possible to
obtain offspring that are homozygous recessive from this cross? Explain.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
Total = 6 marks
Question 4.
Figure 5 below is a pedigree of a family that shows the inheritance of a particular genetic
condition over a number of generations. Shaded individuals in the pedigree have the genetic
condition.
Figure 5
a.
What is the pattern of inheritance of this genetic condition in the pedigree above?
b.
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
Briefly explain your answer to question 4a.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
Lisachem Materials VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1–Heredity
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c.
Using the letters M and/or m write down the genotypes of individuals II-2, II-3 and II4.
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
d.
If individual III-9 has a male partner without the genetic condition, but whose father
did have the same genetic condition as shown in the pedigree. What is the chance that
their children will also have the genetic condition? Explain.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
e.
f.
Once again using the letters M and/or m, explain what the genotype/s of individuals
III-6 and III-7 are likely to be.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
Briefly explain the difference between Y-linked inheritance and the locus of a gene.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
Total = 6 marks
End of Task
10 Lisachem Materials VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1–Heredity
Suggested Answers VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1
Heredity
Multiple Choice Section.
1C
2D
3D
4C
5C
6B
7A
8A
9D
10 B
11 C
12 A
13 A
14 B
Short Answer Section.
Question 1.
a.
Ovaries and testes. (1)
b.
Helicase. (1)
c.
Repressor protein. (1)
d.
When substance X is present in large enough concentrations it will bind to the
repressor protein, releasing the repressor protein from the operator gene. (1) This then
results in m-RNA being transcribed so that the enzyme which is involved in the
breakdown of substance X can be produced. (1)
e.
The pre m-RNA molecule is a single stranded molecule that corresponds to both the
introns and exons of the DNA molecule. (1) However, before the RNA molecule is
released from the nucleus the introns are removed to form the m-RNA which therefore
is not as long as the pre m-RNA molecule. (1)
Question 2.
a.
Recognition sequence or cutting site. (1)
b.
Different size lengths of DNA are separated by a technique called electrophoresis
which enables pieces of DNA to move in an electric field from negative to positive
through a gel. The separation of different size DNA lengths occurs because shorter
lengths travel faster and move further than longer lengths in a given time. (1)
c.
Some restriction enzymes cut the two strands of a DNA molecule at points directly
opposite each other leaving no exposed or overhanging nucleotide bases and form cut
ends of DNA that are blunt. (1) However, other restriction enzymes cut the DNA at
one point while the cut on the second strand is at a different point and not directly
opposite. This results in exposed nucleotide bases on both the ends of the DNA that
are called sticky ends. (1)
d.
Plasmids. (1).
e.
In gene cloning, the gene or piece of DNA to be cloned is inserted into a living
organism such as bacteria using a vector and many identical copies are made of the
gene. (1) With polymerase chain reaction no organism or vector is used but rather a
piece of DNA to be replicated is heated to separate the DNA strands. Then each strand
is used as a template to make a complementary strand. This process is repeated many
times to make many copies of the original piece of DNA.(1)
Question 3.
a.
Tall and hairy, tall and hairless, short and hairy, short and hairless. (1)
b.
The student would perform a test cross by using short and hairless tomato plants.
(1) When crossed with tall and hairy tomato plants, all the offspring would be tall
and hairy if the tomato plants were pure breeding for both traits. If some of the
offspring were not tall and hairy then the tomato plants would not be pure breeding for
both traits. (1)
c.
Crossing-over is the exchange of the same segment or part of a chromatid between
homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. (1)
Suggested Answers VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1–Heredity
1
d.
e.
Recombinant chromosome. (1)
No, it is not possible. Tomato plants with the genotype ttHH will produce gametes that
are all tH while plants with the genotype TThh will produce gametes that are all Th.
Therefore as a result all the offspring will be heterozygous with the genotype TtHh.
(1)
Question 4.
a.
Autosomal recessive. (1)
b.
The genetic condition is recessive because individuals III-1, III-2, III-3 and III-4 show
the genetic condition, but neither do either of their parents. The condition is autosomal
because individual II-4 does not show the condition but his mother does. (1)
c.
II-2 : Mm, II-3 : mm, II-4 : Mm. (1)
d.
If individual III-9 is recessive they will have the genotype mm. Her partner’s father
had the condition therefore her partner’s genotype will be Mm. Therefore the chance
that their children will have the genetic condition is ½. (1)
e.
Since both parents of individuals III-6 and III-7 do not have the genetic condition, but
some of their children do, both parents are heterozygous (Mm). Therefore since
individuals III-6 and III-7 do not show the condition they could both be either MM or
Mm. (1)
f.
Y-linked inheritance refers to traits that are the result of genes located on the Y
chromosome found in human males. The locus of a gene refers to a gene’s specific
position on a particular chromosome. (1)
2
Suggested Answers VCE Biology 2007 Unit 4 Topic Test 1–Heredity