Term paper
Republic of Norway
Composer: Franc Koppel
Elva 2003
(sisukord)
Map and flag of Norway………………………………………………………………3
Geography……………………………………………………………………..………4
People…………………………………………………………………………...……..6
Government……………………………………………………………………………8
Economy……………………………………………………………………………...10
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Map of Norway
National flag
3
Geography
Location: Northern
Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North
Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden
Geographic 62 00 N, 10 00 E
coordinates:
Map references: Europe
Area: total:
324,220 sq km
land: 307,860 sq km
water: 16,360 sq km
Area - slightly larger than New Mexico
comparative:
Land total:
boundaries:
2,544 km
border countries: Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km,
Russia 196 km
Coastline: 21,925 km (includes mainland 3,419 km, large islands
2,413 km, long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor
indentations 16,093 km)
Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 10 NM
territorial sea: 4 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
Climate: temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current;
colder interior with increased precipitation and colder
summers; rainy year-round on west coast
Terrain: glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains
broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline
deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north
Elevation lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m
extremes:
highest point: Galdhopiggen 2,469 m
Natural petroleum, copper, natural gas, pyrites, nickel, iron ore,
resources:
zinc, lead, fish, timber, hydropower
Land use: arable land: 2.94%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.06% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land: 1,270 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards: rockslides, avalanches
Environment - water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely
current issues:
affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from
vehicle emissions
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Environment - party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides,
international
agreements: Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-
Air
Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air PollutionVolatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental
Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic
Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Geography - about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its
note:
much indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea
lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of most rugged
and longest coastlines in world
People
Population: 4,525,116
(July 2002 est.)
years: 20% (male 464,789; female 439,117)
15-64 years: 65% (male 1,491,720; female 1,451,450)
65 years and over: 15% (male 281,551; female 396,489)
(2002 est.)
Population 0.47% (2002 est.)
Age structure: 0-14
growth rate:
5
Birth rate: 12.39
births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Net migration 2.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Death rate: 9.78
rate:
Sex ratio: at
birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Infant mortality 3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
rate:
Life expectancy total
at birth:
population: 78.94 years
female: 82.07 years (2002 est.)
male: 76.01 years
Total fertility 1.8 children born/woman (2002 est.)
rate:
HIV/AIDS - adult NA% (1999 est.)
prevalence rate:
HIV/AIDS - 1,600 (1999 est.)
people living
with HIV/AIDS:
HIV/AIDS - 8 (1999)
deaths:
Nationality: noun: Norwegian(s)
adjective: Norwegian
Sami 20,000
Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 86% (state church), other Protestant
and Roman Catholic 3%, other 1%, none and unknown
10% (1997)
Languages: Norwegian (official)
note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Ethnic groups: Norwegian,
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Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway
conventional short form: Norway
local short form: Norge
local long form: Kongeriket Norge
Government
type: constitutional monarchy
Capital:
Oslo
Administrative
divisions: 19 provinces (fylker, singular - fylke); Akershus, Aust-Agder,
Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og Romsdal,
Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland, Sogn
og Fjordane, Sor-Trondelag, Telemark, Troms, Vest-Agder, Vestfold
Dependent
areas: Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard
Independence:
7 June 1905 Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved; 26
October 1905 Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union
National holiday:
Constitution Day, 17 May (1814); note - on 14 January 1814
Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden; resisting Swedish domination,
Norwegians adopted a new constitution four months later; on 14
August 1814 Norway was proclaimed independent but in union with
Sweden; on 7 June 1905 Norway declared the union with Sweden
dissolved
Constitution:
17 May 1814, modified in 1884
Legal system:
mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law
traditions; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature
when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive
branch: chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir
Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS, son of the monarch
(born 20 July 1973)
head of government: Prime Minister Kjell Magne BONDEVIK
(since 19 October 2001)
cabinet: State Council appointed by the monarch with the approval
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of Parliament
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following parliamentary
elections, the leader of the largest party or the leader of the majority
coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the
approval of the Parliament
Legislative
branch: modified unicameral Parliament or Storting (165 seats; members are
elected by popular vote by proportional representation to serve fouryear terms)
elections: last held 10 September 2001 (next to be held NA
September 2005)
note: for certain purposes, the Parliament divides itself into two
chambers and elects one-fourth of its membership to an upper house
or Lagting
election results: percent of vote by party - Labor Party 24.3%,
Conservative Party 21.2%, Progress Party 14.6%, Socialist Left Party
12.5%, Christian People's Party 12.4%, Center Party 5.6%, Liberal
Party 3.9%, Coastal Party 1.7%, other 3.8%; seats by party - Labor
Party 43, Conservative Party 38, Progress Party 26, Socialist Left
Party 23, Christian People's Party 22, Center Party 10, Liberal Party
2, Coastal Party 1
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the monarch)
Political parties
and leaders: Center Party [Odd Roger ENOKSEN]; Christian People's Party
[Valgerd Svarstad HAUGLAND]; Coastal Party [Steinar
BASTESEN]; Conservative Party [Jan PETERSEN]; Labor Party
[Thorbjorn JAGLAND]; Liberal Party [Lars SPONHEIM]; Progress
Party [Carl I. HAGEN]; Socialist Left Party [Kristin HALVORSEN]
Economy
Economy -
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overview: The Norwegian economy is a prosperous bastion of welfare
capitalism, featuring a combination of free market activity and
government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as
the vital petroleum sector (through large-scale state enterprises). The
country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum,
hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on
its oil production and international oil prices; in 1999, oil and gas
accounted for 35% of exports. Only Saudi Arabia and Russia export
more oil than Norway. Oslo opted to stay out of the EU during a
referendum in November 1994. Growth picked up in 2000 to 2.7%,
compared with the meager 0.8% of 1999, but fell back to 1.3% in
2001. The government moved ahead with privatization in 2000, even
proposing the sale of up to one-third of the 100% state-owned oil
company Statoil. With arguably the highest quality of life worldwide,
Norwegians still worry about that time in the next two decades when
the oil and gas begin to run out. Accordingly, Norway has been
saving its oil-boosted budget surpluses in a Government Petroleum
Fund, which is invested abroad and now is valued at more than $43
billion.
GDP:
purchasing power parity - $138.7 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - real
growth rate: 1.3% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $30,800 (2001 est.)
GDP composition by agriculture: 2%
sector: industry: 31%
services: 67% (2000)
Population below
poverty line: NA%
Household
income or lowest 10%: 4.1%
consumption by highest 10%: 21.8% (1995)
percentage
share:
Distribution of
family income - 25.8 (1995)
Gini index:
Inflation rate
(consumer 3.1% (2001 est.)
prices):
Labor force:
2.4 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by
occupation: services 74%, industry 22%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 4%
(1995)
Unemployment
rate: 3.6% (2001 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $71.7 billion
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expenditures: $57.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(2000 est.)
Industries:
petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper
products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing
Industrial
production -1% (2001 est.)
growth rate:
Electricity production: 141.162 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity production by fossil fuel: 0.49%
source: hydro: 99.31%
other: 0.2% (2000)
nuclear: 0%
Electricity consumption: 112.495 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity exports: 20.259 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity imports: 1.474 billion kWh (2000)
Agriculture products: barley, wheat, potatoes; pork, beef, veal, milk; fish
Exports:
$58 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
Exports commodities: petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment,
metals, chemicals, ships, fish
Exports partners: EU 76.8% (Netherlands 11.4%, Germany 10.3%, France 10.0%,
Sweden 8.4%), US 7.6% (2000)
Imports:
$33.5 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)
Imports commodities: machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs
Imports partners: EU 62.5% (Sweden 14.7%, Germany 11.9%, UK 8.1%, Denmark
6.4%), US 8.2%, Japan 5.2% (2000)
Debt - external:
$0 (Norway is a net external creditor)
Economic aid donor: ODA, $1.4 billion (1998)
Currency:
Norwegian krone (NOK)
Currency code:
NOK
Exchange rates:
Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 8.9684 (January 2002), 8.9917
(2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998), 7.0734 (1997)
Fiscal year:
10
calendar year
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/europe/norway_pol96.jpg
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/no.html
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