Thursday Lab
Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory
The laboratory portion of Biology 201 is a very important aspect of the
course. It is here that you will make the observations and identifications of
structures discussed and relating to concepts covered in lecture. It is
extremely important that you study in advance for your weekly laboratory
experience and that you stay current on your laboratory preparations and
homework. The laboratory portion of your grade will amount to roughly a
third of the points that are possible in the class.
A portion of these points come from completion of the lab exercises
which are due at the beginning of each lab. The answers will be found in
your lab manual and corresponding chapters from the textbook.
The rest of the points will come from weekly quizzes and the two lab
practicals. The quizzes will be given at the beginning of each laboratory
period (with the exception of the first lab period and the two lab periods
when the practicals are given). Your lowest quiz score will be dropped
from your grade prior to the calculation of your quiz percentage. If you
miss a quiz (due to absence or tardy) you will receive a zero on that quiz.
THERE WILL BE NO MAKE-UP QUIZZES.
Please let me know if at any time you do not feel comfortable with some
aspect of the class (specimens, cadaver, etc.). I understand that some
religious and cultural beliefs may oppose some of the things which occur
in class. However, at the same time, the things we do in class may
continue on in your chosen career and may be unavoidable. I will try to
do my best to accommodate you (within certain limits). Good luck and
enjoy the semester.
A final note: You will be required this semester and next to memorize a
large number of unfamiliar terms. Your success will come only if you
review these terms often. Studying five minutes before a quiz will not be
enough—I guarantee you! Decide now that you will study with a study
group and meet at least once a week.
Thursday Lab
Week #1
Body Landmarks
Lab Exercise 1, p. 11-14
Abdominal
Axillary
Brachial
Carpal
Cervical
Femoral
Frontal
Inguinal
Nasal
Oral
Orbital
Patellar
Pelvic
Pubic
Sternal
Tarsal
Thoracic
Umbilical
Cephalic
Gluteal
Lumbar
Occipital
Otic
Plantar
Popliteal
Sacral
Scapular
Vertebral
Organ System Overview
Lab Exercise 2, p. 25-26
Parts of Cell
Lab Exercise 4, p. 49-52
Cell or plasma membrane
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Rough
Smooth
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Centrioles
Cytoskeleton
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Nuclear pores
Cell Transport
Lab Exercises 5A, p. 64, and
5B, p. PEx 17-19
Passive Transport
Concentration Gradient
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Filtration
Active Transport
Phagocytosis
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Cellular environments
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Lysis
Hypertonic
Crenation
Thursday Lab
Week #2
Classification of Tissues
Lab Exercise 6A, p. 85-90
Epithelial tissue
Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Pseudostratified columnar
Stratified squamous
Transitional
Connective tissue
Loose connective
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Dense connective
Dense irregular
Dense regular
Cartilage
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
Others
Bone
Blood
Muscle tissue
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Nervous tissue
Integumentary system
Lab Exercise 7, p. 101-104
Epidermis
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Layers of Epidermis
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
Dermis
Papillary layer
Dermal papillae
Reticular layer
Appendages of Skin
Hair
Follicle
Arrector pili muscle
Nails
Sebaceous glands
Eccrine glands
Apocrine glands
Thursday Lab
Week #3
Axial Skeleton: Skull
Lab Exercise 10, p. 139-144
Skull
Cranium
Face
Sutures
Fontanels
Bones of the skull and associated
structures
Frontal
Parietal
Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Temporal
Squamosal suture
Zygomatic arch
Mandibular fossa
External acoustic meatus
Mastoid process
Carotid canal
Jugular foramen
Occipital
Lambdoidal suture
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyle
Sphenoid
Sella turcica
Pterygoid processes
Optic foramen
Ethmoid
Perpendicular plate
Crista galli
Cribriform plate
Maxilla
Palatine process
Hard palate
Palatine
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Nasolacrimal canal
Nasal
Vomer
Mandible
Body
Ramus
Mandibular condyle
Mandibular foramen
Alveoli
Hyoid
Thursday Lab
Week #4
Vertebral column and associated
structures
Intervertebral discs
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and
pelvic curves
Curvature disorders
Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Vertebra
Body
Vertebral foramen
Intervertebral foramina
Spinous process
Transverse processes
Articular processes
Cervical vertebrae (7)
Transverse foramina
Atlas
Axis
Odontoid process (dens)
Thoracic vertebrae (12)
Facets
Lumbar vertebrae (5)
Sacrum (5 fused)
Auricular surface
Coccyx (4 fused)
Sternum and rib cage
Sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
Ribs
Costal cartilage
True ribs
False ribs
Floating ribs
Head
Tubercle
Histology
Lab Exercise 9, p. 119-122
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Osteon (Haversian system)
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Perforating canal
Central canal
Lamella
Lacuna
Canaliculi
Thursday Lab
Week #5
Classification of Bones
Long
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Articular cartilage
Epiphyseal plate
Yellow marrow
Red marrow
Periosteum
Endosteum
Short
Flat
Irregular
Bone markings (see p. 113, tab.
9.1)
Upper Appendicular Skeleton
Lab Exercise 11, p. 157-163
Pectoral girdle
Clavicle
Scapula
Spine
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Glenoid cavity
Coracoid process
Subscapular fossa
Acromion process
Humerus
Head
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Deltoid tuberosity
Capitulum
Trochlea
Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa
Ulna
Trochlear notch
Coronoid process
Olecranon process
Radius
Head
Radial tuberosity
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges (phalanx = sing.)
Pollex
Thursday Lab
Week #6
Lower Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic Girdle
Os coxa
Symphysis pubis
Acetabulum
Ilium
Iliac crest
Greater sciatic notch
Auricular surface
Ischium
Ischial tuberosity
Obturator foramen
Pubis
Lower Appendicular Skeleton
(cont)
Femur
Head
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Medial and lateral condyles
Intercondylar fossa
Patellar surface
Lateral and medial epicondyles
Patella
Tibia
Medial and lateral condyles
Intercondylar eminence
Tibial tuberosity
Anterior crest
Medial malleolus
Fibula
Head
Lateral malleolus
Tarsals
Talus
Calcaneus
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Hallux
Articulations
Lab Exercise 13, p. 183-186
Synarthrosis
Suture
Synchondrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Symphysis
Syndemosis
Diarthrosis/Synovial Joint
Structure of diarthrosis
Joint capsule
Synovial fluid
Synovial membrane
Articular cartilage
Meniscus
Bursa
Types of diarthroses
Gliding/plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball-and-socket
Body Movements
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction
Supination
Pronation
Inversion
Eversion
Protraction
Retraction
Week #7: Lab Practical #1
Thursday Lab
Week #8
Microscopic Muscle Anatomy
and Muscle Physiology
Lab Exercise 14, p. 193-195;
Ex. 16A, p. 253-256;
Ex. 16B, p. PEx 33-35
Sarcolemma
Myofibril
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
T tubule
I band
A band
H zone
M line
Sarcomere
Z disc
Thick filament
Myosin
Thin filament
Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin
Twitch
Treppe
Wave summation
Multiple motor unit summation
Tetanus
Complete
Incomplete
Steps to Muscle Contraction
Week #9: Spring Break No Lab!!!!
Thursday Lab
Week #10
Skeletal Muscles of the Upper
Extremity
Lab Exercise 15, p. 227-234
Muscles of Facial Expression
Epicranius
Frontalis
Occipitalis
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus
Depressor labii inferioris
Platysma
Buccinator
Muscles of Mastication
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial/lateral pterygoid
Muscles of the Neck
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Muscles that act on the Scapula
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor
Supraspinatus
Levator scapulae
Rhomboideus (major and minor)
Muscles that move the Humerus
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major
Subscapularis
Muscles that act on the Forearm
Brachioradialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Triceps brachii
Muscles that move the Hand
Supinator
Pronator teres
Palmaris longis
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Thursday Lab
Week #11
Skeletal Muscles of the Lower
Extremity
Muscles of Abdominal Wall
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Muscles of the Vertebral Column
Erector spinae
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Muscles of the Hip
Iliopsoas
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae
Muscles of the Thigh
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Gracilis
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Hamstrings
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Muscles of the Leg
Tibialis anterior
Fibularis) muscles
Extensor digitorum longus
Gastrocnemius
Achilles tendon
Soleus
Flexor hallicus longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Thursday Lab
Week #12
Nervous Tissue and Physiology
Lab Exercise 17, p. 265;
Ex. 18A, p. 277;
Ex. 18B, p. PEx 47-48
Neuroglial Cells
Astrocytes
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Schwann cells
Structures of a Neuron
Nucleus
Dendrites
Axon
Myelin
Nodes of Ranvier
Synapse
Types of Neurons
Structural
Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
Functional
Sensory
Motor
Interneuron (association)
Meninges
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Central Nervous System: Brain
Lab Exercise 19, p. 299-302
Cerebrum
Cerebral hemispheres
Longitudinal fissure
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Gray matter (cortex)
White matter (medulla)
Gyri
Sulci
Cerebellum
Arbor vitae
Structures of Brain viewed in a
midsagittal section
Corpora quadrigemina
Superior colliculi
Inferior colliculi
Pineal body
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Corpus callosum
Septum pellucidum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Optic chiasma
Pituitary gland
Infundibulum
Ventricles of the brain and
cerebrospinal fluid
CSF
Choroid plexus
Lateral ventricles
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
Thursday Lab
Week #13
Structure of the Spinal Cord,
Reflexes, and Nerves
Lab Exercise 19, p. 303-304;
Ex. 21, p. 337-340;
Ex. 22, p. 351;
Gray matter
Central canal
Dorsal and ventral root
Dorsal root ganglion
Ulnar, radial, and median nerves
Sciatic nerve
Reflex Lab
Components of a Reflex Arc
Receptor
Sensory (afferent) neuron
Integration center
Interneuron
(association neuron)
Spinal cord
Motor (efferent) neuron
Effector
Cranial Nerves
Olfactory nerve (I)
Optic nerve (II)
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Trigeminal nerve (V)
Abducens nerve (VI)
Facial nerve (VII)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Vagus nerve (X)
Spinal accessory nerve (XI)
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Autonomic Nervous System
Thursday Lab
Week #14
Exercise 24/25 – Sensory Organs
Lab Exercise 23, p. 361-362;
Ex. 24, p. 377-382;
Ex. 25, p. 393-396;
Ex. 26, p. 403-404
Associated structures of the Eye
Palpebrae
Levator palpebrae muscle
Conjunctiva
Lacrimal gland
Nasolacrimal duct
Extrinsic eye muscles
Structure of the eyeball
Sclera
Cornea
Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris
Pupil
Lens
Retina
Rods
Cones
Fovea centralis
Macula lutea
Optic disc
Chambers of the eye
Anterior segment
Aqueous humor
Posterior segment
Vitreous humor
Structure of the Ear
Pinna (auricle)
External acoustic meatus
Ceruminous glands
Tympanic membrane
Ear ossicles
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Oval window
Round window
Auditory (Eustachian) tube
Bony and Membranous Labyrinth
Perilymph
Endolymph
Vestibule
Semicircular canals
Cochlea
Vestibular nerve
Cochlear nerve
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
Cochlear duct
Vestibular membrane
Basilar membrane
Organ of Corti
Tectorial membrane
Hair cells
Week # 15: Lab Practical #2