Chapter 8 Bone (Part 1)
1.
What substance, found in the matrix of bone, distinguishes bone from other connective tissues?
2.
What are the functions of bone tissue?
3.
What causes mesenchymal cells to differentiate into osteoblasts?
4.
What are osteoblasts?
5.
What type of cell is found in the lacunae of bone?
6.
What are canaliculi and what is found inside a canaliculus?
7.
What structure allows intracellular materials to move from one osteocyte to its neighbor?
8.
What cell types are present in bone tissue? What are the characteristics of each?
9.
Once a bone-secreting cell becomes isolated in its own lacuna, what is it called?
10.
What’s the difference between bone and bone tissue?
11.
What are the various names for each of the two types of bone tissue?
12.
What are trabeculae?
13.
What are spicules? Not defined here in the text.
14.
What occupies the space between trabeculae?
15.
What are the three anatomical divisions of a long bone?
16.
In a long bone, where are compact and spongy bone tissue found?
17.
What tissue is found on the non-articulating surfaces of bones?
18.
What name is given to the cells of the periosteum that are not involved in appositional growth of bone?
19.
What term is given to cells of the periosteum that are involved in bone deposition?
20.
What are Sharpey’s fibers?

21.
What tissue is found at the surfaces of synovial joints?
22.
What is ankylosis?
23.
How does rheumatoid arthritis affect joints?
24.
What is gout and how does gout affect joints?
25.
What is the name of the connective tissue layer that lines the inner surface of bones?
26.
The two cell types that constitute the above-mentioned layer are difficult to distinguish and are often simply called __________ cells.
27.
What is the difference between red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow? Which is more abundant in adults?
28.
At what locations accessible for biopsy and transplantation does red marrow exist in adults?
29.
Describe the organization of an osteon.
30.
What is the arrangement of lamellae in an Haversian system?
31.
What is found in the regions between Haversian systems?
32.
What is an alternative name for mature bone?
33.
What is orientation of the long axis of an osteon in a long bone?
34.
How is collagen responsible for the “lamellar” appearance of mature bone?
35.
Where are circumferential lamellae found?
36.
How does one distinguish a Volkmann’s canal from an Haversian canal?
37.
What structures are found inside both Volkmann’s canals and Haversian canals?
38.
What determines whether mature cancellous bone has osteons? Not explicit in the text.
39.
How does immature bone differ from mature bone in terms of a) the arrangement of collagen, b) density of cells, and c) arrangement of cells?
40.
What are the three terms that describe the arrangement of collagen in immature bone?
41.
Is mature bone matrix more eosinophilic or more basophilic than immature bone matrix?
42.
What is osteoid and where is it found relative to osteoblasts?

43.
What type of cell is responsible for the mineralization (calcification) of bone tissue?
44.
What are the staining properties in newly secreted non-mineralized bone matrix in H&E sections?
45.
How can actively secreting osteoblasts be distinguished histologically from inactive osteoblasts?
46.
What event coincides with the redesignation of an osteoblast as an osteocyte?
47.
How are osteocytes involved in homeostasis?
48.
Which method of preparing bone tissue for microscope study is best for revealing canaliculi?
49.
What must be done to bone tissue before it can be embedded for sectioning and staining with
H&E? Not answered directly in body of the text.
50.
What does a “resorptive” osteocyte do? What is the technical term for this process?
51.
What are the two names for bone-lining cells based on their locations?
52.
What cell type is largely responsible for bone resorption?
53.
What histological characteristics of osteoclasts make them easy to identify?
54.
What is Howship’s lacuna?
55.
How do osteoclasts come to be multinucleated?
56.
What hormone stimulates the action of osteoclasts?
57.
What hormone inhibits the action of osteoclasts?