HISTOLOGY WRITTEN EXAM 11
1. Which of the following contains the highest levels of calcium deposits?
A. Mineralized bone matrix
B. Dentin
C. Cementum
D. Enamel
E. Calcified cartilage
2. The spleen is involved in:
A. Proliferation and differentiation of T-cells.
B. Removal of bacteria and viruses from the blood.
C. Production of Kupffer cells.
D. Lymph filtration and phagocytosis.
E. Secretion of thymopoietin and thymolin.
3. Which of the following groups of histologic layers of the retina all contain cell bodies?
A. Inner plexiform layer, outer plexiform layer, ganglion cell layer
B. Outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, outer segment layer
C. Ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, outer nuclear layer
D. Internal limiting membrane, external limiting membrane, RPE
E. Nerve fiber layer, outer segment layer, outer nuclear layer
MATCHING: For each numbered item in column 1, choose the letter of the most
closely related item in column 2. Each answer can be used once, more than once, or
not at all.
COLUMN 1
4. Canal of Hering
5. Striated duct
6. Space of Disse
COLUMN 2
A.Gallbladder frond
B.Bile ductule
C. Parotid gland
D. Exocrine pancreas
E. Liver sinusoid
7. Each of the following is indicative of increased levels of thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH) EXCEPT:
A. Increased number of follicular cells
B. Increased T3 and T4 production
C. Increased iodine uptake from the blood
D. Increased addition of carbohydrates to protein in the follicular ER and Golgi
E. Increased height of thyroid follicular cells
8. Eye color is related to:
A. Number of lamellae found in the corneal stroma
B. Relative number of rod versus cone photoreceptor cells
C. Amount of pigment in the pigmented retinal epithelium
D. Relative number of melanocytes in the stroma of the iris
E. Density of pigment in the posterior surface epithelium of the iris
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9. Dendritic cells are:
A. Clusters of astrocytes
B. One type of antigen-presenting cell (APC)
C. Found in the retinal pigment epithelium
D. Responsible for production of IgE
E. Thought to originate in the thymus
10. In which of the following organs is skeletal muscle found to run in three geometric
planes?
A. Tongue
B. Gall bladder
C. True vocal cords
D. Lip
E. Diaphragm
11. In the liver:
A. Blood and bile flow in the same direction.
B. Bile is produced by the Kupffer cells.
C. Bile is produced in the bile canaliculi.
D. Bile is produced in the space of Disse.
E. Bile flow is opposite that of blood flow.
12. In Gross Anatomy lab, you remove a mass of tissue from the mediastinal area of your
86-year-old cadaver. If this were the thymus, histologically you would expect to see:
A. Prominent afferent and efferent lymphatics entering the capsule.
B. Numerous lobules with a light peripheral zone and a darker central zone.
C. Groups of Hassall's corpuscles surrounded by numerous macrophages.
D. Replacement of the parenchyma by large amounts of adipose tissue.
E. Migration of Hassall's corpuscles to the cortex region and capsule.
13. Lymphocytes from the peripheral blood re-enter the lymph nodes via:
A. Afferent lymphatics
B. Medullary sinuses
C. High endothelial venules
D. Efferent lymphatics
E. Subcortical sinuses
14. A lymphoma is a malignant tumor composed of lymphocytes. A B-cell lymphoma (one
that is composed of B-lymphocytes) would be most likely to arise in which of the
following areas?
A. Lymphoid follicle in the lymph node
B. Medulla of the thymus
C. White pulp surrounding a splenic artery
D. M cells covering lymphoid tissue in the GI tract
E. Paracortical region of the lymph node
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15. The Islets of Langerhans:
A. Are composed primarily of alpha cells.
B. Secrete various hormones that regulate metabolic pathways.
C. Secrete cortisol to regulate glucose metabolism.
D. Are occasionally found in the parotid gland.
E. Are functionally related to Langerhans cells in the epidermis.
16. What is a differentiating characteristic of the palatine tonsil compared to a lymph node?
A. The tonsil is lined by stratified squamous epithelium; the lymph node is not.
B. The tonsil contains only secondary follicles; the lymph node contains only primary
follicles.
C. The tonsil contains only afferent lymphatics; the lymph node contains only efferent
lymphatics.
D. The tonsil has a cortex and medulla; the lymph does not.
E. The lymph node is partially encapsulated; the tonsil is not.
17. Which of the following bends or folds itself during swallowing?
A. Larynx
B. Epiglottis
C. Trachea
D. Bronchioles
E. Soft Palate
18. Peyer's patches:
A. Lack B-lymphocytes
B. Are formed when the thymus undergoes involution.
C. Are found surrounded by lymph nodes.
D. Are characteristic of the ileum.
E. Secrete IgE when stimulated.
19. What lymphoid organ or tissue lacks lymphoid follicles?
A. Appendix
B. Pharyngeal tonsil
C. Thymus
D. Spleen
E. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
20. Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium covers each of the following surfaces
EXCEPT:
A. Soft palate
B. Hard palate
C. Inside of cheeks
D. Inside of lips
E. Floor of mouth
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21. Where is the most easily found location for taste buds in the adult?
A. Foliate Papilla
B. Bowman's glands
C. Filiform Papilla
D. Circumvallate Papilla
E. Fungiform Papilla
22. The pars intermedia is derived from the:
A. Neural stalk
B. Superior median nucleus
C. Oral ectoderm
D. Diencephalon
E. Pineal gland
23. In which of the following do proximal processes of cells act as functional axons?
A. Middle Ear
B. Respiratory epithelium
C. Olfactory epithelium
D. Endothelium
E. Choroid plexus
24. Which of the following is a component of the eyelid?
A. Large bundles of smooth muscle fibers
B. Specialized merocrine glands called Meibomian glands
C. An island of elastic cartilage called the tarsal plate
D. Eyelashes associated with ceruminous glands
E. Specialized sweat glands called the glands of Moll
25. Which of the following is NOT found in the hilar region of the lymph node?
A. Efferent lymphatics
B. Arteries
C. Type I collagen fibers
D. Afferent lymphatics
E. Veins
26. You are looking at a section of the pars distalis. The most numerous type of cell in this
region is the:
A. Pituicyte
B. Acidophil
C. Chromophobe
D. Basophil
E. Astrocyte
27. Which of the following are associated with Tomes processes?
A. Odontoblasts
B. Cementoblasts
C. Cementocytes
D. Fibroblasts
E. Ameloblasts
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28. In the pars tuberalis of the following cell types which is the most numerous?
A. Mammotrophs
B. Gonadotrophs
C. Oxytrophs
D. Thyrotrophs
E. Corticotrophs
29. Each of the following is true concerning parafollicular cells and their product EXCEPT:
A. The product these cells produce increases the uptake and reuptake of calcium from
the GI tract
B. The product these cells produce increases the activity of osteoclasts
C. The product these cells produce reacts with aldosterone to reduce the activity of the
rennin-angiotensin system
D. The cells can be found wedged between follicular cells and the basement
membrane
E. The cells can be found in the connective tissue interstitium of the thyroid
30. Each of the following is found within the liver EXCEPT:
A. Space of Disse
B. Kupffer cell
C. Inlet venule
D. Ito cell
E. Stenson's duct
31. A female patient complains of galactorrhea (excessive production of milk). You
suspect that this is due to a tumor in the pituitary. Which cells would most likely be
affected to account for this disorder?
A. Pinealocytes
B. Acidophils
C. Basophils
D. Pituicytes
E. Chromophobes
32. The scala vestibuli and scala tympani communicate with each other at the:
A. Saccule
B. Spiral prominence
C. Modiolus
D. Helicotrema
E. Inner tunnel
33. The hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system carries hormones from the:
A. Neurohypophysis to the body
B. Hypothalamus to the pineal gland
C. Hypothalamus to the neurohypophysis
D. Hypothalamus to the adenohypophysis
E. Adenohypophysis to the body
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34. During an ophthalmologic exam, you shine a light in your patient's eye. Which of the
following would this beam of light strike first?
A. Pigmented epithelium of the iris
B. Outer segments of photoreceptor cells in the retina
C. Epithelium of the cornea
D. Fibroblasts in the anterior layer of the iris
E. Descemet's membrane
35. A patient is found to have a pituitary adenoma and the entire anterior pituitary gland is
removed. This could be expected to result in a decrease in each of the following
EXCEPT:
A. Development of ovarian follicles
B. Activity of the cells in the zona fasciculata
C. Activity of the thyroid follicular cells
D. Activity of cells in the zona glomerulosa
E. Spermatogenesis
MATCHING: For each numbered item in column 1, choose the letter of the most
closely related item in column 2. Each answer can be used once, more than once, or
not at all.
COLUMN 1
36. Parotid gland
37. Submandibular gland
38. Sublingual gland
39. Palatine gland
40. Pancreas
COLUMN 2
A. Glisson's capsule
B. Acini are only serous
C. Acini are only mucous
D. Wharton's duct
E. Mucous acini predominate
41. Pick the group that contains an item that does not belong, or is wrong:
A. Near focus / fatter lens / ciliary muscle contracted
B. Far focus / thinner lens / ciliary muscle relaxed
C. Iris sphincter / CNIII / small pupil
D. Iris dilator muscle / CN VI / larger pupil
E. Orbicularis / tarsal plate / lashes
42. The external auditory meatus:
A. Is part of the bony labyrinth.
B. Is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.
C. Is completely housed within the temporal bone
D. Is continuous with the mastoid air cells
E. Connects to the oval and round windows.
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43. When you examine the ears of a young child, you notice a bulging tympanic
membrane. You tell the parents the child has otitis media. They ask you how this
happened and you reply that it is likely the result of:
A. Fracture of the osseous spiral lamina
B. Too much cerumen in the external ear canal
C. Inflammation of the mastoid air cells
D. Blockage of the Eustachian tube
E. Lack of flow of the perilymph
44. Endocrine cells:
A. Are never situated next to vascular tissue
B. Always secrete their synthesized product via the apex
C. Never have receptors for the hormone they synthesize and release
D. Are never found within exocrine tissue
E. Are often found wedged in between other cells such as epithelium
45. A 6-year-old boy of African-American descent is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia.
This disorder results in distortion of the red cell membrane so that the cells look like
"sickles". In which area of the body would the abnormal red blood cells resulting from
this condition be destroyed?
A. Marginal zone of the spleen
B. Medullary area of the thymus
C. Paracortical sinus of the lymph node
D. Lymphoid follicles of the appendix
E. Cords of Billroth in the spleen
46. Each of the following statements about liver anatomy is true, EXCEPT:
A. The majority of the blood supply comes from a branch of the celiac trunk.
B. The sinusoidal capillaries are lined by fenestrated endothelial cells.
C. In the gallbladder bed, Glisson's capsule is continuous with the adventitia of the
gallbladder.
D. There is a dual afferent blood supply to the liver.
E. Within the portal tracts are branches of the portal vein and hepatic artery, with bile
ducts, lymphatics and nerves.
47. A 92-year-old woman complains of hearing loss. Which of the following structures
would most likely be affected in order to result in this disorder?
A. Posterior semicircular canal
B. Hair cells of organ of Corti
C. Hair cells of the macula
D. Sustentacular cells in the utricle
E. Crista ampullaris
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48. While examining a tissue from the GI tract under the microscope, you notice a single
lymphoid nodule lying beneath the epithelium. This nodule:
A. Is stimulated by corticotropins
B. Is called a Peyer's patch
C. Is partially encapsulated by muscle
D. Can contain plasma cells that secrete IgA
E. May produce a Hassall's corpuscle
49. The best pathway for the flow of aqueous humor is:
A. Iris → pigmented epithelium → posterior chamber → anterior chamber →
trabecular meshwork → aqueous veins
B. Nonpigmented epithelium → posterior chamber→anterior chamber→ trabecular
meshwork →aqueous veins
C. Nonpigmented epithelium → posterior segment → anterior chamber→ trabecular
meshwork → aqueous veins
D. Nonpigmented epithelium → posterior chamber → anterior segment→ trabecular
meshwork → aqueous veins
E. Nonpigmented epithelium → posterior chamber→ anterior chamber→
Schlemm's canal → trabecular meshwork
50. Dr. Hartwell is celebrating the end of this block by making her famous peanut-butter
cookies, but she always forgets to bring the milk. As everyone chokes down the
cookies, each of the following should happen EXCEPT:
A. The release of salivary gland products into the oral cavity will stimulate the
gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum.
B. Ig-A rich secretory complex from the parotid and lysozyme from the submandibular
glands will help to kill any bacteria that are on the cookies.
C. Sialomucins released by the submandibular and sublingual glands help to moisten
the cookie bolus so that it can be more easily swallowed.
D. The autonomic nervous system will control the secretion of the salivary glands.
E. The carbohydrates in the cookies will begin to be hydrolyzed in the oral cavity by
amylase made by the serous cells of the parotid glands.
51. Under the microscope, the parotid and the pancreas can resemble each other. Which
of the following is correct?
A. Both the parotid and the pancreas secrete proteases and lipases as pre-enzymes.
B. Both the parotid and the pancreas have well developed striated ducts.
C. Both the parotid and the pancreas have myoepithelial "baskets" around the acini to
aid in expulsion of the secretory product.
D. Both the parotid and the pancreas have intercalated and interlobular ducts.
E. Both the parotid and the pancreas have a lobular structure with scattered clusters of
endocrine cells.
-8-
52. A patient is found to have multiple bone fractures and break. Having determined that
there has been no trauma, beating, or accident, you remember your histology class
and tell the Attending that you fear there might be a problem with the parathyroid gland
because:
A. Increased calcitonin release increases osteoclast activity
B. Increased TSH levels increases osteoclast activity
C. Increased T3 and T4 increases osteoclast activity
D. Increased parathormone release increases osteoclast activity
E. Increased cortisol increases osteoclast activity
53. Dr. Bick forgets to take his special shoes for ballet class and unfortunately gets a wood
splinter imbedded in his big toe. The lymph nodes draining this area of his foot
would be expected to show:
A. Proliferation of Malpighian corpuscles
B. Numerous secondary follicles with germinal centers
C. Loss of subcapsular and cortical sinuses
D. Increased number of efferent lymphatic vessels
E. Increase in carbon-laden macrophages lining the sinusoids
54. You see a patient in clinic who has AIDS. The retrovirus (Human Immunodeficiency
Virus or HIV) that causes this immunodeficiency syndrome preferentially infects which
cells?
A. Dendritic macrophages
B. T-Suppressor cells
C. Memory B cells
D. T-Helper cells
E. Natural killer lymphocytes
55. What is the dominant cell type in the periarterial lymphatic sheath?
A. Intraepithelial lymphocyte
B. B lymphocyte
C. T lymphocyte
D. Plasma cell
E. Natural killer cell
56. You are a bacterium in the portal blood and have just found yourself in the liver. All of
the following may happen to you next EXCEPT:
A. You will exit the sinusoid by swooshing into the central vein.
B. You may encounter an Ito cell swollen with Vitamin A-rich lipid inclusions.
C. You will enter the portal tract via the hepatic venule.
D. The transition to the sinusoids will be via the inlet venule.
E. You may be gobbled up by a Kupffer cell.
57. Which of the following groups of histologic layers of the retina all contain cell bodies?
A. Inner plexiform layer, outer plexiform layer, ganglion cell layer
B. Outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, outer segment layer
C. Ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, outer nuclear layer
D. Internal limiting membrane, external limiting membrane, RPE
E. Nerve fiber layer, outer segment layer, outer nuclear layer
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58. Each of the following is correct regarding the zona fasciculata EXCEPT:
A. The product of this layer increases glucose synthesis
B. The cells have an abundant lipid content
C. The cells are bordered by straight, sinusoidal capillaries
D. The product of this layer reduces protein catabolism
E. The product of this layer reduces the immune response
59. In the organ of Corti:
A. Efferent nerve fibers are associated only with the outer hair cells
B. Stereocilia of the outer hair cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane
C. Inner and outer hair cells each possess a single, long kinocilium
D. Inner hair cells are 3 to 4 times more numerous than outer hair cells
E. The tectorial membrane is also known as a cupula
60. Functions of the RPE (retinal pigment epithelium) include:
A. Physical support of the rods and cones
B. Synthesis of vitamin A, used in the visual pigments
C. Light absorption
D. Phagocytosis of outer segments
E. Each of the above statements is true.
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Histology Practical Exam II
1. Each of the following can be used to determine the activity of this organ EXCEPT:
A. Amount of colloid within the follicle
B. Height of the follicular cells
C. Number of follicular cells
D. Number of microvilli
E. Number of lipid droplets within the follicular cells
2. These structures are composed of:
A. Smooth muscle bundles
B. Epithelial reticular cells
C. Hydroxyapatite crystals
D. Calcium phosphates
E. Colloid aggregates
3. Which of the following in not present in this region?
A. Calcium
B. Collagen
C. Canaliculi
D. Blood vessels
E. Lacunae
4. Identify this area:
A. Fovea
B. Bruch's membrane
C. Internal limiting membrane
D. Lacrimal canaliculi
E. Lamina cribrosa
5. This tissue:
A. Is only composed of exocrine tissue with serous acini.
B. Contains alpha, beta and delta cells which secrete through an extensive duct
network.
C. Empties products into the oral cavity through the duct of Wirsung.
D. Exhibits merocrine secretion of proenzymes by the acinar cells.
E. Is covered by Glisson's capsule.
6. This tissue is involved in:
A. Differentiation of T-cells
B. Extramedullary hematopoiesis
C. Removal of bacterial from the blood
D. Destruction of aged red cells
E. Lymph filtration and phagocytosis
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7. This tissue:
A. Is a blind bag that stores, concentrates and releases amylase into the oral cavity.
B. Contracts in response to secretin made by the pancreas.
C. Is unique among GI organs in that it has a single ill-defined muscular layer.
D. Is completely surrounded by Glisson's capsule.
E. Has goblet cells so that abundant mucinous product can be secreted.
8. What is the function of this structure?
A. Produce thymic hormones
B. Control release of oxytocin
C. Regulate calcitonin production
D. Unknown
E. Release calcium
9. In this tissue:
A. Blood flows from the portal tract through the sinusoids to the portal vein.
B. Bile flows through the sinusoids to the portal tract.
C. The limiting plate surrounds the central vein and prevents direct communication
between the sinusoids and the central vein.
D. The space of Disse is the site of hepatocyte microvilli interaction with products in
the blood.
E. Cuboidal epithelium lines the bile canaliculi.
10. These cells:
A. Stabilize the tectorial membrane
B. Are bipolar neurons
C. Are chondrocytes
D. Produce the collagen matrix
E. Are immature sensory cells
11. Which of the following is not associated with these structures?
A. Bipolar neurons
B. Microvilli
C. Afferent nerve fibers
D. Basal cells
E. Sustentacular cells
12. Hormones are delivered to this region by the:
A. Hypothalamo-hypophyseal system
B. Dorsal medial nuclei
C. Pars intermedia colloid system
D. Paraventricular/supraoptic axons
E. Pars tuberalis cell pathway
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13. In this tissue:
A. Only serous acini are present with zymogen granules containing lipases.
B. The excretory duct of this structure is called Stenson's duct.
C. Small ducts are involved in secretion of cholecystokinin.
D. A prominent endocrine function is present in areas of this tissue.
E. The secretion of this tissue is under hormonal control.
14. What is located in this area?
A. Remnants of Rathke's pouch
B. Primary capillary plexus
C. Cells of the pars tuberalis
D. Secondary thyroid follicles
E. Median eminence
15. In this area of this tissue, each of the following is true, EXCEPT:
A. The blood supply is oxygen poor here as it has passed through the full thickness of
this organ
B. The product from these cells has an intimate role in the control of blood pressure
C. The product from these cells causes a retention of sodium at the expense of
potassium
D. The cells in this layer contain some lipid
E. The cells in this layer are associated with a minimal amount of lipofuscin
16. What is the function of the tissue located in this area?
A. Maintenance of perilymph
B. Transmission of nerve impulses
C. Production of endolymph
D. Seals the scala media
E. Supports the organ of Corti
17. These nuclei belong to which cells?
A. Photoreceptor cells
B. Bipolar neurons
C. Foveal cells
D. Outer nuclear cells
E. Ganglion cells
18. This area of tissue:
A. Is partially keratinized
B. Contains bundles of collagen fibrils
C. Increases in thickness with age
D. Is very vascular
E. Contains melanin granules
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19. These cells make a product that causes each of the following to occur EXCEPT:
A. Decreased osteoclast activity
B. Decreased renal secretion of calcium
C. Increased absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract
D. Increased levels of serum calcium
E. Reduce levels of secreted calcitonin
20. The cells in this area are:
A. Undergoing rapid mitosis
B. Producing immunoglobulins
C. Inactive B-cells
D. T-helper and T-suppressor cells
E. M cells
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Answers
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. E
7. C
8. D
9. B
10. A
11. E
12. D
13. C
14. A
15. B
16. A
17. B
18. D
19. C
20. B
21. D
22. C
23. E
24. E
25. D
26. C
27. E
28. B
29. B
30. E
31. B
32. D
33. D
34. C
35. D
36. B
37. D
38. E
39. C
40. B
41. D
42. B
43. E
44. E
45. E
PRACTICAL KEY
46. A
47. B
48. D
49. B
50. A
51. D
52. D
53. B
54. D
55. C
56. C
57. C
58. D
59. B
60. E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
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E
B
D
E
D
E
C
D
D
B
A
D
B
A
A
C
B
B
A
C