Advanced Biology
Review: Cell Respiration
Name
1.
Oxygen, electron transport, NADH food: put this in the correct order of electron travel
FoodNADPH(in glycolysis)electron transportoxygen (final electron receptor)
2.
When you lose weight, where does the fat go?
Released as carbon dioxide and water
3.
How does fermentation differ from cellular respiration?
1) it does not require oxygen
2) produces less energy overall
4.
State where each of the following occurs:
Glycolysis cytolplasm
Kreb’s cycle matrix of the mitochondia
oxidation of pyruvate matrix
chemiosmosis mitochondrial membrane
pumping of H+ cristae of mitochondria
location of electron transport proteins cristae
5.
What is the difference between combustion and respiration in terms of total caloric
energy? In combustion (a chemical process), even though heat is the activation energy, the
stored (potential) energy is released as heat and light and energy transfer. It is very rapid
compared to respiration, and the energy is released in one step. In respiration (a biological
process), enzymes lower the activation energy. The energy is captured in chemical bonds,
and the transfer of H+ is indirect. It is a very slow process, but chemical bond energy is
chemical bond energy, so the amount released would be the same. Combustion is not
possible in living systems.
6.
Describe lactate fermentation
Phosphocreatine transfers energy to ADPcreatine phosphate builds upcan’t
proceed to Kreb’s with no oxygen, soNADH gives up H+ and pyruvate is converted to
lactate
7.
If a poison mimics glucose, what is likely to happen (at the metabolic level) to someone
who ingests this poison?
Glycolysis would not occur, and therefore, no ATP could be generated
8.
What are the end products of glycolysis?
Pyruvate, NADH
9.
Which has more chemical energy: NAD or NADH? Why
NADH; it has more chemical bonds
10.
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place? What is oxidative phosphorylation?
The electron transport chain on the mitochondrial membrane; oxidative
phosphorylation is so named because oxygen is the final electron receptor in the reaction
that adds the phosphate to ADP
12.
Which has more energy: One molecule of glucose or 2 molecules of pyruvate? Why?
Glucose; it has more chemical bonds
13.
When water is formed during oxidative phosphorylation, where do the oxygen atoms
come from?
Molecular oxygen
14.
When a muscle is deprived of oxygen, what do the cells do with the pyruvate? What
does it get out of that?
Convert it to lactate; what it “gets out of it” is NADH, lactate and sore muscles ;-)
(FYI, lactate is converted back to pyruvate in the liver)
15.
How is fructokinase activated? Inhibited?
Activated by the addition of a second phosphate to[what was originally] glucose; it is
inhibited by the presence of citric acid
16.
Which of these can occur with or without oxygen:
electron transport
Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis
17.
Why is fermentation not as energy productive as respiration
Less ATP is produced
18.
Why, specificially, do we need oxygen to live?
It is the final electron receptor in the electron transport chain, which provides us
with the most energy
19.
During fermentation, how is the ATP generated?
Glycolysis occurs; the electrons from NADH are transferred to pyruvate or other
deriviatives
20.
What two molecules, used for energy transport in the electron transport system, are
produced by the Krebs cycle?
FADH2 and NADH
21.
Name the 2-carbon molecules that enters the Krebs cycle.
Acetic acid or acetyl-CoA