Apoptosis
Programmed cell death apoptosis has been induced in this culture cells.
Cell death is characterized by flooding of the plasmatic membrane on the
fragmentation of the nucleus; suddenly cell lass all the attachment to the
substrate that they have been growing on shirle up without lacing. The
mechanism of the apoptosis involves many types lead control steps, three
of which are visualized here by differents stoning techniques, one initial
event is the sudden release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into the
cytosol, this event is been visualized here using fluorescently labeled
cytochrome C. Initially the green yellow staining is restricted to reticules
pattern which then suddenly disperses as the mitochondria release their
content proteins into the cytosol.
At the later step the lipid isometric of the plasma membrane breaks down,
enormous cells phosphotidyl serine is only found on the cytosolic side of
the plasma membrane but when cells undergo apoptosis it becomes
exposed on the outside of the cell. This event has been visualized here by
adding a red fluorescent protein to the media which specifically binds
phosphotidyl serine head groups as they become exposed. In an initial
organism exposure of the phosphodityl serine on the cell surface labels
the dead cell and its remnants to be rapidly consumed by others cells such
as macrophages. Finally, although apoptosing cells don’t lice their plasma
membranes do become permeable to small molecules. This event has
been visualized here by adding a die to the media that fluoresces blue
when it can enter cells and bind to ANA. All three of these events can be
observed simultaneosly.