Study Guide for BI 121 Lecture Exam 3
Chapter 6














Describe the similarities and differences in the structure and function of
the three types of muscle tissue, and indicate where they are found in the
body
Describe the connective tissue organization of skeletal muscles
List and describe the functions of skeletal muscles
Describe the cellular and molecular organization of a muscle fiber (all the
way down to thick and thin filament arrangement)
Describe how motor units are involved in muscle organization and function
Describe the structures and events that are found at the neuromuscular
junction
Describe the structures and events that are associated with the initiation
and continuation of a muscle contraction. (sliding filament theory)
Describe the differences between a twitch, wave summation, unfused
tetanus, and fused tetanus.
Describe three ways in which ATP is generated during muscle activity
Know the difference, and give examples, of isotonic and isometric
contractions
Define muscle tone
Know the various types of body movements
Define prime mover, antagonists, synergists, and fixators
Know the muscles and their corresponding actions, origins, and insertions
from your muscle list.
Chapter 7
Neuron Anatomy & Physiology and Reflexes









Describe the three overlapping functions of the nervous system
Describe how the nervous system is organized, structural and functional
Name and describe the supporting cells of the CNS and PNS
Identify and describe the major parts and regions of a typical motor
neuron (fig. 7.4)
Define ganglion, tracts, nerves, white matter, and gray matter
Identify the functional classification of neurons
Identify the structural classification of neurons
Describe the events that lead to the generation of a nerve impulse and its
conduction from one neuron to another
Define reflex, and be able to diagram a reflex arc (fig. 7.11 a.)
Use this study guide, the lecture notes, the textbook, and plenty of quality study time to
properly prepare for the exam.
Brain Anatomy & Physiology








Identify the four major regions of the brain, and give their general
functions.
Identify the following structures/regions of the cerebrum: gyri, sucli,
fissures, somatic sensory area, primary motor area, occipital lobe,
temporal lobe, frontal lobe, cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, and
corpus collosum.
Identify the following structures/regions of the diencephalon: thalamus,
hypothalamus, limbic system, pituitary gland, mammillary bodies,
epithalamus, pineal gland, and choroid plexus.
Identify the following structures/regions of the brain stem: midbrain,
cerebral aquaduct, cerebral peduncles, corpora quadrigemina, pons,
medulla oblongata, and the reticular formation.
Identify the cerebellum and describe its basic functions
Name and describe the layers of connective tissue that form the protective
layers around the CNS (meninges)
Discuss the importance of CSF
Discuss the importance of the blood-brain barrier
Spinal Cord Anatomy & Physiology






Describe the structural characteristics of the spinal cord
Identify the following structures/regions of the spinal cord: dorsal horns,
ventral horns, central canal, dorsal root, dorsal root ganglion, ventral root,
spinal nerves, posterior, lateral, and anterior columns.
Describe the structure of a nerve, including the endoneurium,
perineurium, fascicles, and epineurium.
Differentiate between mixed nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.
Identify the 12 cranial nerves
Identify the spinal nerves, their rami, and the plexuses that arise from
them.
Autonomic Nervous System




Describe the major functions of the autonomic nervous system
Describe the difference between the neuron pathways of the somatic
nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
Describe the difference between the neuron pathways of the sympathetic
division and the parasympathetic division
Describe the differences between the major functions of the sympathetic
division and parasympathetic division.
Use this study guide, the lecture notes, the textbook, and plenty of quality study time to
properly prepare for the exam.