Read the article and pages 119-123 of your textbook and make sure to answer all of the
following questions:
People, Places, Events and Terms To Know:
Classical Age
Herodotus
The Histories
Persian Wars
Oral History
Historia
"The Father of History and Lies"
Lydia
Candaules
Gyges
Persians
Cyrus the Great (II)
Medes
Sardis
Babylon
Cambyses (II)
Darius
Satrapy (Satrapies)
Zoroastrianism
Persepolis
Royal Road
Ionia/Ionians
The Ionian Revolution
Element
Ionian Philosophers
Pythagoreans
Democracy (Democratia)
Athens/Athenians
Aristagoras of Miletus
Ionian League
The First Persian War
Aegean Sea
Battle of Marathon
The Second Persian War
Themistocles
Ostracism/Ostraca
Xerxes
Attica
Triremes
Hellespont
Medize
Battle of Thermopylae
Leonidas
Battle of Salamis
Battle of Plataea
I. The Persians:
1. Where did the Persians come from?
2. What natural resources were they rich in? How did it influence their rise to a civilisation?
II. Cyrus the Great
1. How did Cyrus organise his rule?
2. How did the Greeks name the Persians? Who recorded the Histories? Why are they impetus to
the understanding of the war affairs?
3. Trace the conquest of the Persian Empire under Sirius the Great?
4. What do we understand under the Babylonian Captivity? How did the Jewish people treat Cyrus?
III. Discuss the success and failures of Cambyses II .
IV. Darius
1. Discuss the reorganisation of the state by Darius I.
2. What are satrapies? Who were satraps?
3. What legacy did Darius leave in terms of the reorganized state? Who used the system later on?
4. What is Zoroastrianism? What is it based on?
5. Describe Darius’ Royal Road and its swift messengers.
6. Identify Darius’ successes and failures.
7. How do you understand the following statement:”Cyrus was "a father," Cambyses "a master" and Darius
"a shopkeeper?"
V. The Ionian Revolution:
1. Who were the Ionians? Where did they live?
2. What differentiated the Ionians from all the other populaces of the Ancient World?
3. Who were the Pythagoreans? What were they basing their views?
4. Explain what demokratia stands for?
5. Explain what the author means by “global plague of anti-tyrannical flu”.
6. What do we understand by the enlightened ruling of Aristagoras of Miletus?
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7. What was the Ionian League?
8. How did the Ionian League initiate the conflict with Darius?
9. Why did the Lydian dislike the arrival of the Ionian League and why did they seek the support of the
Persians?
10. How did the Persians revenge to Aristagoras?
11. What was the fate of Aristogaros?
12. Explain why do you think the Ionian Revolt caused the War between Greeks and Persians?
VI. First Persian War (492-490 BCE)
Battle of Marathon: With the help of your textbook and the article
Define:
1.
Greek
Persian
Greek
Persian
Greek
Strategies
Losses
Outcomes
Forces
Forces
Generals
Satrap
Topography Utilised
2. How did the outcome of the battle of Marathon support the concept of the Athenian Entity and inspired the
Greek ideology?
VII. The Decade between the wars:
1. Who was Themistocles and how did he use the democratic ruling to his benefit?
2. How did Darius prepare to attack the Greeks to deliver revenge?
3. How did revolts in Egypt and Babylon prove the strength of the Persian Army?
4. Who ascended to the throne after Darius ‘death? What strategies did he use to put down the
upheavals in Egypt and Babylon?
5. How did the treasures of the Laurian mines of Attica contribute to the naval construction of Athens?
Whose proposition was it?
6. What is a trireme?
VII. The Second Persian War
1. When did the second war break out?
2. Define
a. Hellespont
b. Xerxes’ whips men punish the dire strait
c. boat –bridge or paving the sea
d. to medize"
e. topography of the Northern Greece
f. Thermopylae— "the Hot Gates"
g. the Immortals
h. 300 Spartans
i. Leonidas
j. Xerxes' folly,"
k. peripeteia
l. evacuation of Athenes
m. Mardonius
n. Ephialtes
3. With the help of the textbook and the article , fill out the table
a. Battle of Thermopylae (480 BCE).
Greek
Persian
Greek
Forces
Forces
Generals
Persian
Satrap
Greek
Topography
Strategies
Utilised
Losses
Outcomes
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b. The Battle of Salamis
Greek
Forces
Persian
Forces
Greek
Generals
Persian
Satrap
Greek
Topography
Strategies
Utilised
Losses
Outcomes
Greek
Generals
Persian
Satrap
Greek
Topography
Strategies
Utilised
Losses
Outcomes
c. Battle of Plataea
Greek
Forces
Persian
Forces
4. With the help of the textbook and the article, discuss and outline all of the consequences of the
Greco- Persian Wars.
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