CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROIJND OF THE STUDY
The qualities of leaders and the processes of leadership hare long been considered an important field of study and from the beginning of social psychology. Researchers have repeatedly explored this area. Early speculations almost the personality qualities of the successful leader has largely given, was to the way to study of actual leadership behaviour and analysis of structural factors, such as the type of group and native of the group’s task.
The word “leadership” has been widely used by business executives, political orators, social workers and scholars used disagreement also as meaning.
Among the social scientist, the theoretical formulations of leadership concept here continued to shift, focusing first upon one aspect than the other. The time seems ripe for attempting a careful statement of a frame reference, which may guide future research and practice.
Ohio state group defined leadership as interpersonal influence, exercised in situations and directed through communication process towards the attachment of specific goal(s) “Leadership always involves attempts on the past of a leader to affect (influence) the behaviour of follower(s) in a certain situation.
Managerial leadership can be defined as the process of directing and influencing the task activities of a group member.
This definition involves the following:
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Other people subordinate followers
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Unequal distribution of power among leaders and group members.
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Influence of subordinate in varieties ways
Leadership styles on the hand can be define as the various pattern of behaviors favoured by the leaders doing the process of directing and influencing workers.
Leadership styles as will be used here refers specifically to the pattern of beliefs, philosophies attitudes feelings and assumption an individual has about leadership which influence how a manager he actually behaves when managing people, more specifically it’s a set of expectation an individual has to how to use his leadership position to involve himself and to involve people in the achievement of results.
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Several of those who have studied behaviour have sought to classify and categorize the different approach to leadership and different ways of exercising the leadership role. The style adopted by various managers or leaders differs.
Some may adopted the authoritarian style while others may adopt democratic style. Each of those styles produces different degrees of employee job satisfaction on an industrial setting.
In a work situation the activities of workers need the support and direction of leaders if the groups efforts are to become effective. Leadership is the ability of management to induce subordinates to work towards individual and group goals with confidence and determination.
Therefore the different style of leadership will reflects in other attitude any leader should depend maturity, ambition judgment, perseverance leaders use to achieve his/her aims and objectives.
1.2 HISTORICAL OF CASE STUDY
The entire work of this research study would not be concentrated on how most adopted style of leadership induces employee satisfaction in an organization. Cadbury Nigeria plc would be used as a case study, however other forms of leadership style would be explained briefly, in
Cadbury Nigeria plc our aim is to serve the consumer with product of consistently high quality made readily available at price which offers forms real value for the money spend.
“Commitment to the pursuit of excellence as the basis for current success and future growth”. This is what Cadbury Nigeria plc. The present factory that forms the basis for this research situated at Agidingbi Village near Ikeja in 1956 when Cadbury tried to import from
United Kingdom began the sale incomplete. For the purposing of holding stock in Nigeria.
Cadbury brother limited as it was called then rented a warehouse at number 10 Aerodrone road Apapa. The companies products include cocoa beverage like pronto malt beverages like
Bournvita others include Goody-Goody (suspended). Tom-Tom Milk-Milk, Butter mint, Bazooka bubble gum (also suspended) and pounded yam (withdrawn in 1979 and reintroduced in 1998) parazone bleach and other household items are also produces by Cadbury.
All in all company have about 12 product of high quality to its credit: All in its bid support the use local raw materials for production. The company sponsored the southern growing trial at the international institute for tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan in 1985 Sorglown when growing and grown in a large quantities will give as a substitute for malted bakery; which is use for the production plant (CCP) began operation. This plant made use of locally processed grains in its production process, beside, it gives room for expansion at relatively optional cost in January, 1965
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to about 1500 in 1990 representing and increase of 500% this has to be a great extent helped to combat unemployment in Nigeria.
1.3 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
The different styles of leadership being used the management of different organization have played a vital role in result, which the organization has achieved.
Although progress has been made in understanding the different among various style that much were not known about the application of these styles. The question is having known the use of each leadership style with how can the management of an organization adopt anyone to help it achieve employee satisfaction in the organization?
The solution is the problem of bad management could be achieved through the use of effective leadership intention of employee satisfaction of heart will inevitable turn the fortunes of an organization around. Good leadership style is a since a qua-non-to a good management. It’s often to find a good leader with a bad leadership style.
1.4 PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
The main objective of this study is to explore the two most adopted styles of leadership i.e. the democratic and authoritarian style and how they induce employee satisfaction in an organization. This research is aimed and testing the validity of democratic leadership style in an individual and industrial setting as it affect employee.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
The following questions are to be answered: i. Do democratic leadership style has a strong influence on job satisfaction of employed? ii. Does leadership style affect employee satisfaction? iii. To what extent is the degree of satisfaction being derived by employee from the different styles of leadership? iv. Does autocratic leadership style affect employee performance?
1.6 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
1. H0: Autocratic leadership style does not have impact on employee’s performance
Hi: Autocratic style does has impact on employee’s performance
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H0: Democratic leadership style has a negative influence on employee’s performance.
H1: Democratic leadership style has a positive influence on employee’s performance.
H: Leadership style does not affect job satisfaction of employees.
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H1: Leadership style affects job satisfaction of employees.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
Geialiy, the factor that leads to job satisfaction of employees depends on the degree of economics or social need of such employees.
The research belongs to the group that holds the view them the chance to ask questions and make suggestions find more support for their action than leaders who decide everything for themselves without involving their employees. Though, managers who find the key to their employee’s inner satisfaction can tap immense source of productive energy. Finally, the study will enable leaders to know to know that group behaviour in any organization is to a great extent determines the leadership style.
1.8 SCOPE OF STUDY
This study is restricted to the Ikeja branch of Cadbury Nigeria plc situated in Adigidingbi of Lateef Jakande Road, Lagos. The study covers a representative number of the generality of the workers in this organization. Undertaking a research project is a serious work. It requires commitment of tome money and energy, both intellectual and physical. This balancing the research with academic is a Heroulean task that takes intellectual stamina to the limit.
1.9 LIMITATION OF THE METHODOLOGY
Undoubtedly it should be noted that a research of this nature would have the following limitation.
(i) That numbers of sample size “One hundred” taken from this study is too small to warrant the generation.
(ii) The retrieved problem of the questionnaire
(iii) The time constraints for the completion of the research.
(iv) The cost of traveling and transportation
(v) The following cannot be generalized for all
1.10 DEFINITION OF TERMS
(i) Leaders is the who inspire others to work toward achieving a set goal or objectives
(ii) Leadership is a process of influencing a group towards goal setting and goal achievement
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(iii) Democratic: This is the best-centered of leadership. The leaders make decision without consulting his subordinates. He is the one who expects compliance and he also recommends.
(iv) Lassies-fauve: The lassies fauve leader uses his own power at the lowest level by giving the subordinate his own power at the lowest level by giving the subordinate high degree of independence or freedom in their operation. He depends largely on subordinate to set their own goals and means of achieving them.
(v) Policy: Guide to action Qauore (1986) define policy as a guide for making administration decision. It means to an end but not an end itself.
(vi) Objective: This is a statement of long term goals term goals an organization seeks to achieve.
(vii) Personality: This is a state attribute that a person carries within him and that determines his approach to the problem of living.
(viii) Management: Deals with the management of human and material resources of an organization of leadership goal setting and goal achievement.
(ix) Subordinate: These are followers of leaders. They are expected to obey the orders of their leaders.
1.11 OBJECTIVES OF LEADERSHIP
(i) To examine the concept of leadership as the relates to job satisfaction.
(ii) To determine the extent to which leaders can influence job performance.
(iii) To make recommendation on how job satisfaction can be enhanced.
(iv) To influence with his superior and other who have power in the organization for support and optimum job satisfaction
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