Cell Parts and Organelle Functions
What is cell or
plasma
membrane?
 Structure that forms the outer boundary
of the cell
 Allows only certain materials to move
into and out of the cell
What kinds of
substances
move through
membrane?
 Food, oxygen and water move into the
cell through the membrane
 Waste products leave through the
membrane
What is
cytoplasm?
 Organelles are suspended in this gel-like
material, which constantly moves or
streams, inside cell membrane
 Contains large amount of water; many
chemicals and structures that carry out
the life processes in the cell
What is
 Folded membrane that moves materials
endoplasmic
around in the cell
reticulum (ER)?  Extends from nucleus to cell membrane
 Can be rough (with ribosomes) or
smooth (without ribosomes)
What are Golgi  Stacks of membrane- covered sacs that
Apparatus
package and move proteins to the
(Golgi Bodies or
outside of the cell.
complex)?
 Golgi Apparatus are the packaging and
secreting organelles of the cell.
What are
vesicles?
What are
lysosomes?
What are
mitochondria?
 Membranes filled with proteins which
pinch off of Golgi apparatus or ER and
deliver proteins to the proper place
 Also deliver substances from cell
membrane to other parts of the cell
 Contain enzymes (help in chemical
reactions) which digest wastes, worn-out
cell parts, and breaks down food
 Found primarily in animal cells
 Recycler for the cell
 Organelles where food molecules are
broken down and energy released for
the cell to use
 Cells require a continuous supply of
energy
 Energy is stored in other molecules that
can power cell reactions easily
What are
vacuoles?
What is the
nucleus?
What is the
nuclear
envelope?
 They temporarily store water, food,
pigments, waste or other materials
 They are large in plants, small in animals
 Many plants have a very large central
vacuole
 Organelle which directs all activities of
the cell
 Contains genetic material
 Membrane which covers the nucleus
 Allows materials to move in and out of
the nucleus through its pores
What is
chromatin?
 Genetic blueprints for the operations of
the cell
 Long strands of DNA
 Makes up chromosomes during cell
division
What is
nucleolus?
Ball shaped area of nucleus where
ribosomes are made
What are
ribosomes?
 Small organelle where proteins are made
according to directions of DNA
 Located on ER or in the cytoplasm
Why are
proteins so
important?
 Proteins take part in nearly every cell
activity
 Proteins are needed for chemical
reactions that take place in the
cytoplasm
What are
centrioles?
 Use during cell division to divide
chromosomes
 Found only in animal cells
What is cell
wall?
 A rigid structure outside cell membrane
that supports and protects cell
 Not found in animal cells – are in plants,
fungi, and some protists & bacteria
What are
chloroplasts?
 Contain the green pigment chlorophyll
which traps energy from sunlight and
gives plants their green color
 Take in sunlight, water & carbon dioxide
to make oxygen and sugar or starches
 This process is photosynthesis