Final Exam Outline
Chapter1
Sections (1.2 – 1.5)
Static Calibration
Static sensitivity
Measurement Accuracy
Bias and precision errors
Elementary Instrument Errors
Hysteresis
Linearity
Sensitivity
Zero shift
Repeatability
Chapter 2
Sections (2.2 – 2.5 up to page 59)
Continuous and Digital Signals
Signal Wave Forms
Impulse
Step
Sinusoidal
Square wave
Continuous Signal Analysis
Mean value
RMS value
Periodic functions
Fourier series
Fourier Transform (no discrete Fourier Transform)
Frequency spectrum
Chapter 3
Sections (3.2 – 3.6)
ODE System Models
First-order System
Time constant
I.C. response
Step response
Sinusoidal response
Frequency response
Bode diagram (Magnitude ratio plot)
Phase angle plot
Second-order system
Natural frequency
Damping frequency
Damping ratio
Step response
Frequency response function
Bode diagram
Phase angle plot
Transfer function
First-order system
Second-order system
Principle of superposition
Chapter 4
Sections (4.2,4.3,4.4,4.6)
Probability
Probability density function (pdf)
Cumulative distribution function (cdf)
Normal or Gaussian pdf
Normal Error Function table
Sigma bounds
Finite Statistics
Sample mean
Sample standard deviation
Standard deviation of sample mean
Student T distribution
Degrees of freedom
Precision interval
Confidence interval
Regression Analysis
Least squares criterion
Degrees of freedom
Standard deviations (Sy and Sxy)
Correlation Coefficient
Chapter 5
Sections (5.1 – 5.8)
Design-stage Uncertainty Analysis
Zero-order uncertainty
Instrument uncertainty
RSS Method
Instrument Error Sources
Biases
Hysteresis
Linearity
Sensitivity
Zero shift
Precision Errors
Repeatability errors
Error Propagation
Multiple Measure Uncertainty Analysis
Propagation of elemental errors
Propagation of uncertainty to a result
Chapter 6
Section (6.2,6.3,6.4,6.5,6.6,6.8)
Analog Devices
Ammeters
Voltmeters
Wheatstone bridge
Loading Errors
Voltmeter
Wheatstone bridge
Operational Amplifiers
Ideal amplifier characteristics
Op amp rules (axioms)
Analog Filters
Ideal filter characteristics
Low-pass RC filter
Magnitude ratio and phase angle
Cascading low-pass filters
Impulse response
Convolution integral
Chapter 7
Section (7.1,7.2 up to page 242)
Sampling rate
Nyquist frequency
Aliasing
Quantization
Folding diagram
Binary numbers
Chapter 8
(Section (8.2,8.3,8.4,8.5 up to page 316)
RTD
RTD Resistance Measurement
Thermistor including temperature dependence
Thermocouple application
Thermocou;le Model
Chapter 9
Section (9.2,9.3,9.4)
Hydrostatic pressure
Pressure Reference Instruments
Manometers
Barometers
Deadweight tester
Pressure transducers
Bourdon tube pressure gauge
Membrane sensor
Labs 1 – 5
Chapters 5 – 9
most important
second in importance
Chapters 1 – 4
third in importance
Look a example problems in each chapter and the website notes.