TRAD 104 EXAM #1 - Study Guide
I. Definitions
* Define the following and give one example of a work of art relevant to each term. (You do not
need to identify the example too specifically. Just a name/title of the work is sufficient)
Sample: Triglyph – (in a Doric frieze) the rectangular area between the metopes, decorated with
three vertical grooves. Example: Parthenon)
bilingual pottery – Pottery with Black and Red Figure technique.
black-figure technique – A technique in which when a pot is fired, the glazed area remains red,
the rest turns black. Achilles and Ajax amphora.
red-figure technique A technique in which when a pot is fired the glazed area remains black, the
rest turns red. Death Of The Children of Niobe.
Hierarchical composition – A composition in which more important figures appear bigger than
less important ones. – St.Micheals Bronze Doors
meander pattern – Thick horizontal bands that decorated a pot. Achilles and Ajax amphora
Stylization –A distortion of a representational image to emphasize certain qualities. – Chatres
Cathedral Door Jambs
Metope – In a Doric column, the piece that sits between the Triglyphs in the entablature. Parthenon
Caryatids – A supporting column in a Post and Lintel construction carved to look like a human
figure. - Acropolis
Colonnade (or peristyle) – A series of columns set at regular intervals. - Parthenon
Pediment - A triangular section placed over doors and windows, often carved with decoration. Temple of Portunus
Contrapposto – A pose in which one leg bears the weight of the human body, the other is relaxed.
- Doryphoros
Kouros - Greek for boy. - New York Kourous
Wet drapery – A technique in which the drapery on statues was raised very high, and heavily
stylized. It served to accent certain parts of the statue. - The Elgin marbles
lost wax casting – A casting technique for bronze, which allows one to pour the metal into a
hollow clay./wax mold, producing a bronze figure. – Warrior From Riace
barrel vault – A series of arches that form a tunnel. – The Coliseum
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TRAD 104 EXAM #1 - Study Guide
groin vault – 2 barrel vaults that are intersected, forming a 4 way intersection.- The Coliseum
post-and-lintel structure – A type of construction in which 2 posts hold up a horizontal lintel. –
Temple of Apollo at Veii
fresco (buon fresco) – Paint applied while wet, on a wall or ceiling. – Frescos at Villa Of
Mysterys
trompe l’oeil effect – An effect to fool the eye it is viewing a 3-D image that is infact 2-D. –
Frescos at Villa Of Mysteries
amphitheater – A term invented by the Romans that meant, a round theatre.- Coliseum
Pilasters - A flattened rectangular column.- Coliseum
Rotunda – A circular building usually covered by a dome. – The Pantheon
Oculus – A hole in the top of a dome that let light in. – The Pantheon
coffers - Square sunken panels on the ceiling. – The Pantheon
triumphal arch – An arch to commerate the victory of a general or emporer. – The Arch of
Constatntine
Spolia – Reliefs taken from other monuments. – The Arch of Constantine
Basilica – An oblong building that usually served as an early church. – Old St. Peters
martyrium – A structure built over the grave of a martyr. – Saint Foy
Mosaic – The use of small tiles, usually glass or tessarae, to create an image on a flat surface. –
Court of Justinian
Codex – An early type of book. - Four Evangelists from Carolingian
Cloisonné – Metal strips inlayed with semi precious stones or glass. – Sutton Hoo Purse Cover
Interlace – A form of decoration comprised of intertwined strips or ribbons. – Sutton Hoo Purse
Cover
Tempera – A paint in which the pigments are mixed w. egg yolk and water. - Lion Symbol of
Saint John
tympanum - A lunette over the doorway of a church.- Chatres Cathedral
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TRAD 104 EXAM #1 - Study Guide
Mandorla – A oval or almond shape surrounding the body of a holy person. - Chatres Cathedral
Tympanum
Theotokos – The greek title for the virgin mary. - ?????????????
Relic – Instruments from a martyr believed to be able to heal body and soul. - Saint Foy skull
Reliquary – A casket or container for sacred relics. - Reliquary of Sainte-Foy
flying buttresses - Masonry support that transfer the thrust of the nave vaults across the roofs of
the side aisles an ambulatory to a tall pier rising above the external wall. - Chatres Cathedral
rose window – Large circular window decorated w. stained glass and tracerys. - Chatres
Cathedral
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TRAD 104 EXAM #1 - Study Guide
II. IDENTIFICATIONS
* Provide the following:
1) Sculpture and Painting (including Pottery): artist (if known), title, date, medium, period and/or
style
*If the artist is unknown, simply put “unknown.”
2) Architecture and architectural sculpture: architect/artist (if known), name of the monument,
date, medium, location, period and/or style
*If the architect is unknown, simply put “unknown.”
**Some monuments from certain periods are made of various media. For those
monuments, media (or medium) is not included in the identifications below. Thus you do
not need to identify the media (or medium) for those works.
Ancient Greek
[1] (Orientalizing) Polyphemos Painter, amphora, 675-650 BC, Terra-cotta (7.2)
[2] (Archaic) Exekias, amphora showing Achilles and Ajax Playing a Board
Game, 540-530 B.C., Terra-cotta. (7.4)
[3] (Late Archaic to Classical) Niobid painter, kalyx
krater, (left) Death of the Children of Niobe, (right)
unidentified scene, c.455-450 BC (7.5)
[4] (Archaic) New York Kouros from Attica, c.600BC, Marble (7.8)
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TRAD 104 EXAM #1 - Study Guide
[5] (Archaic) Peplos Kore, c.530 BC, Parian Marble (7.9)
[6] (Early Classical) The Kritios Boy, from the Acropolis, Athens, c.480 BC, Parian
marble (7.10)
[7] (Early Classical to Classical) Warrior from Riace, c.450 BC, Bronze with bone,
glass paste, and copper inlay (7.12)
[8] (Classical) Polykleitos, Doryphoros (Spear Bearer), c.440 BC, Marble copy of
bronze original (7.13)
[9] (Classical) The Elgin marbles, from East
Pediment of the Parthenon, c.432 BC, Marble
(7.21, 7.22)
[10] (Late Classical) Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos, c.350 BC, Marble (7.34)
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TRAD 104 EXAM #1 - Study Guide
[11] (Hellenistic) Athanadoros, Hagesandros, and Polydoros of Rhodes,
Laocoön and His Two Sons, c. 100- 50 BC, marble (7.40)
Acropolis (Classical Period)
[12] The Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens, Greece, Pentelic marble, 448 – 432 BC
(7.16)
[13] Temple of Athena Nike, Pentelic marble, Acropolis, Athens, Greece, 427 –
424 BC (7.28)
[14] The Erechtheum, Acropolis, Athens, Greece, Pentelic marble, 421- 405 BC
(7.30)
Etruscan
[15] Temple of Apollo at Veii, c. 515-490 BC (8.1)
[16] Sarcophagus (with reclining couple), from Cerveteri, c.520 BC, painted
terra-cotta (8.9a and b)
Ancient Roman
[17] Temple of Portunus, Rome, late 2nd century BC, stone (9.14a and 9.14b)
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TRAD 104 EXAM #1 - Study Guide
[18] Augustus of Prima Porta, early 1st century AD, marble (9.31)
[19] Ara Pacis (Altar of Peace), Rome, 13-9 BC, marble (9.18)
[20] Colosseum, Rome, c. 72-80 AD. Concrete, travertine, tufa, brick, and
marble (9.11 and 9.12)
[21] Trajan’s column, in Trajan’s Forum, Rome, dedicated 113 AD, Marble (9.21)
[22] The Pantheon, Rome, 117 -125 AD. Marble, brick and
concrete (9.15, 9.16, 9.17)
[23] The Arch of Constantine, Rome, c. 313 AD, Marble (9.25 and 9.26)
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TRAD 104 EXAM #1 - Study Guide
Pompeii & Herculaneum
[24] (First Style) Wall painting in the Samnite House, Herculaneum, late second
century BC, fresco
[25] (Second Style) View of the frescoes at the Villa of the Mysteries, near
Pompeii, c.65-50 B.C. (9.34)
[26] (Third Style) Columns and pediment with pavilion, villa at Boscotrecase, near
Pompeii, Italy, early 1st century AD, fresco (9.35)
[27] (Fourth Style) View of Hercules Strangling the Serpents, House of the
Vettii, Pompeii, Italy, 63-79 AD, fresco (9.37)
Early Christian/Byzantine
[28] (Reconstruction of) Old Saint Peter’s Basilica, Rome
(10.3 and 10.4)
[29] San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, 540 – 547 AD, Brick facing. (10.6, 10.7a,
10.7b and 10.8)
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TRAD 104 EXAM #1 - Study Guide
[30] Court of Justinian, mosaic, San Vitale, Ravenna, c. 547 AD (10.10)
[31] Court of Theodora, mosaic, San Vitale, Ravenna, c. 547 AD (10.11 and
10.12)
[32] Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (now Istanbul),
completed 537 AD (10.13, 10.14 and 10.15)
Early Medieval
[33] (Anglo-Saxon) Sutton Hoo purse cover, from England, c.630 AD. Gold
with garnets and cloisonné enamel (11.5)
[34] (Hiberno-Saxon) Lion Symbol of Saint John from the Book of Durrow,
after 650 AD, tempera on vellum (11.6)
[35] (Carolingian Period) Four Evangelists from Carolingian Gospel book,
Aachen, early 9th century, ink and tempera on vellum (11.8)
[36] (Ottonian Period) St.Michael’s, c.1001-1031, Hildesheim, (11.11 and
11.12)
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TRAD 104 EXAM #1 - Study Guide
[37] (Ottonian Period) Bronze doors, completed in 1015,
bronze, St.Michael’s, Hildesheim, (11.13)
Romanesque
[38] Sainte-Foy at Conques, Auvergne, France c.1050-1120
(12.2, 12.3, and 12.4)
[39] Last Judgment, west portal tympanum at Sainte-Foy, Conques,
France, c.1050-1120 (12.8)
[40] Gislebertus, Last Judgment, west portal tympanum, Cathedral of
Saint-Lazare, Autun, France, c. 1120-35 (12.10 and 12.11)
[41] Morgan Madonna (Virgin and Child), from Auvergne, France, 2nd half of
twelfth century, painted wood
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TRAD 104 EXAM #1 - Study Guide
[42] The “Bayeux Tapestry,” c. 1070-80, wool embroidery on linen (12.15
and 12.16)
Gothic
[43] (Early Gothic) Saint-Denis, West façade, 12th – 13th century, Paris, France
(13.2 and 13.3)
[44] (High Gothic) Chartres Cathedral, 12th - 13th century, Chartres, France
(13.10 and 13.13)
[45] (High Gothic) Tympanum, lintel, and archivolts of the central portal,
west façade, Chartres Cathedral, c.1145-1170 (13.14 and 13.15)
[46] (High Gothic) Door jamb statues, Chartres Cathedral, c.1145 1170 (13.16 and 13.17)
[47] (High Gothic) Reims Cathedral, 13th century, Reims, France (13.20)
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TRAD 104 EXAM #1 - Study Guide
[48] (High Gothic) Annunciation and Visitation, door jamb statues, Reims
Cathedral, c.1225-1245 (13.23)
[49] (High Gothic - Rayonnant Style) Sainte-Chapelle, 1243-1248, Paris, France
(13.24)
III. COMPARE AND CONTRAST ESSAY
* Examine the two images and the answer the following questions as you construct your essay
(The two images will be selected from the list of works above):
1) Identify both works of art. 2) What are the historical and/or cultural contexts to which these
works belong? 3) How are these two works of art similar and different? You may discuss other
works of art that may contribute to your essay.
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