Implementing a Microsoft Windows 2000 Network Infrastructure (5 Weeks)
Questions and Answers for Week 1
1. Define the following terms:
Intranet:
A private network within an organization usually intended for the distribution of internal
information.
Remote Access:
Provides remote networking for telecommuters, mobile workers, and system
administrators.
Remote Office:
Part of an organization that is located in a geographically separate area.
Internet:
The worldwide collection of networks and gateways that use the TCP/IP protocol suite to
communicate with one another.
Extranet:
A collaborative network that uses Internet technology to facilittate relationships between
businesses and their suppliers, customers, or other businesses.
2. What is the default networking protocol that is installed during Windows 2000 setup?
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Module 1, Pages 2 and 3.
3. What two different types of remote access connectivity are provided by Windows 2000?
Dial-Up Remote Access AND Virtual Private Network (VPN) Remote Access. Module 1, Page 5.
4. What remote access method should be used for organizations that have small remote user populations?
Dial-Up Remote Access. Module 1, Page 6.
5. What remote access method should be used for organizations that need to reduce long-distance telephone
expenses and who want to utilize existing Internet network connections?
VPN Remote Access. Module 1, Page 6.
6. What network device is used to connect TCP/IP network segments together to form larger networks?
IP Routers. Module 1, Page 7.
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7. What is the purpose of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)?
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automates the process to configuring TCP/IP addresses
on client computers. Module 2, Page 2.
8. What is the minimum configuration information given by a DHCP server?
A TCP/IP address and a Subnet Mask. Module 2, Page 4.
9. Name three optional values that might be given out by a DHCP server?
The IP address of the default gateway (router).
The IP address(es) of Domain Name Server(s).
The IP Address(es) of WINS Server(s).
Module 2, Page 4.
10. Describe the DHCPDISCOVER message:
The DHCPDISCOVER packet is broadcast by the client computer requesting an IP address from a DHCP
server. This is also known as the IP Lease Request. Module 2, Page 5.
11. Describe the DHCPOFFER message:
The DHCPOFFER is broadcast by each DHCP server that sees a DHCPDISCOVER message. It includes a
TCP/IP address that can used by the client computer. Module 2, Page 6.
12. Describe the DHCPREQUEST message:
The DHCPREQUEST is a response from the client computer to the first DHCPDISCOVER message it
receives. Module 2, Page 6.
13. Describe the DHCPACK message:
The DHCPACK message acknowledges a successful lease. It contains a valid lease for the IP address and
other configuration information. Module 2, Page 6.
14. What is the default DHCP lease duration?
The default lease duration is 8 days. Module 2, Page 4. NOTE: The default lease time for a Windows NT
4.0 DHCP server was 3 days.
15. What does a DHCP client do after it issues a DHCPDISCOVER message?
The DHCP client waits for one second for an offer (DHCPOFFER). If the client does not receive an offer in
one second, it rebroadcasts the request four times at 2, 4, 8, and 16 second intervals. Module 2, Page 6.
16. What happens if a DHCP client never receives a DHCPOFFER message from a DHCP server?
The DHCP client uses an autoconfigured IP address from the Microsoft-reserved range 169.254.0.1 to
169.254.255.254. It continues to a get a response from a DHCP server every 5 minutes. Module 2, Page 6.
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17. What transport protocol is used and what ports are used for DHCP servers and DHCP clients to
communicate with each other?
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Ports 67 and 68. Module 2, Page 6.
18. When does the DHCP client renew the lease of the IP address it obtained from a DHCP server?
A DHCP client will attempt to renew its lease at 50% of the lease period using a DHCPREQUEST message.
If unsuccessful, the DHCP client will attempt to obtain an IP address (using a DHCPDISCOVER message)
at 87.5% (7/8) of the lease period. Module 2, Page 7.
19. What is the process of manually renewing an IP address lease?
Enter ipconfig /renew at a command prompt. Module 2, Page 8.
20. How do you manually release an IP address lease?
Enter ipconfig /release at a command prompt. Module 2, Page 8.
21. You can run the DHCP service on any server running any of the Windows 2000 Server family of operating
systems. What are the requirements for a computer running Windows 2000 server acting as a DHCP
server?
Install the DHCP service.
Server must have a static IP address and subnet mask.
A range of valid IP address for lease to clients.
Module 2, Page 9.
22. Name three Microsoft operating systems that can be DHCP clients.
Windows 2000 Professional
Windows 2000 Server
Windows NT Server 3.51 or later
Windows NT Workstation 3.51 or later
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows ME
Module 2, Page 9.
23. You have just setup a DHCP server on a Windows 2000 Server computer. However, clients trying to use
DHCP do not receive an IP address from the DHCP server. What could be the problem?
You’ve failed to authorize the DHCP server in Active Directory. Module 2, Page 12.
24. Who has the right to authorize a DHCP server?
Members of the Enterprise Admins group. Module 2, Page 13.
25. What command line utility can be used to configure a DHCP server?
netsh
Module 2, Page 18.
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26. What is a DHCP scope?
A scope is a range of valid IP addresses that can be leased to DHCP client computers. Module 2, Page 19.
27. What tool do you use to create a new scope in your Windows 2000 DHCP server?
The New Scope Wizard is used to create a new scope in a Windows 2000 DHCP server. You activate the
New Scope Wizard by right-clicking the name of the DHCP server and then clicking New Scope.
Module 2, Page 20.
28. What are the benefits and drawbacks to decreasing the DHCP lease duration from the default 8 days?
Benefit: Leases expire sooner after the computer is turned off, making them available for other computers
quicker. Drawback: Generates more network traffic. Good to use if you only have a few IP address
available in the scope. Module 2, Page 21.
29. What are the benefits and drawbacks of increasing the DHCP lease duration from the default 8 days?
Benefit: Reduces network traffic generated by DHCP lease requests. Drawback: It can take client
computers longer to receive newly assigned values. Module 2, Page 21.
30. What are the benefits and drawbacks of having an unlimited DHCP lease duration?
Benefit: Almost no network traffic generated by DHCP. Clients will have an IP address even if the DHCP
server is unavailable for a long amount of time. Drawback: Clients only receive newly assigned settings
when the client computers are restarted. Module 2, Page 21.
31. What scope options are commonly used by DHCP?
003 Router – IP address of the router (or default gateway)
006 DNS Servers – IP address(es) of DNS servers.
044 WINS/NBNS Servers – IP address(es) of WINS servers.
046 WINS/NBT node type – used along with option 044, defines name resolution order. 0x8 used.
Module 2, Page 24.
32. What are the levels at which a DHCP scope option can be set?
Server Level, Scope Level, Class Level, and Reserved Client Level. Module 2, Pages 25, 26.
33. What is used to identify a reserved IP address for a client computer in DHCP?
The MAC (Media Access Control) address (aka the hardware address) of the Network adapter.
Module 2, Pages 27, 28.
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34. What two option classes are available using a Windows 2000 DHCP Server?
Vendor-defined classes AND User-defined classes. Module 2, Page 39.
35. What is a DHCP Superscope?
A Superscope is a group of two or more scopes that are combined and are used on a single physical
network. Module 2, Page 41.
36. What applications typically use multicasting?
Streaming audio and video applications, such as Microsoft Windows Media and conferencing software such
as Microsoft NetMeeting. Module 2, Page 42.
37. The DHCP service is broadcast based, meaning that generally you have to have a DHCP server on each
subnet of a routed network. How can this limitation be overcome?
If the router is RFC 1542 is compliant, it can be configured to forward the BOOTP packets that are used by
DHCP to a DHCP server on another subnet. Alternatively, a DHCP relay agent can be configured on each
subnet to forward the DHCP packets to a DHCP server on another subnet. Module 2, Page 45.
38. How does a DHCP Relay Agent work?
A DHCP Relay Agent is on a subnet that does not have a DHCP server on it. The DHCP relay agent sees
the DHCP broadcasts of client computers, forwards them to a DHCP server on another subnet. When that
DHCP server replies directly to the relay agent, the relay agent broadcast the packet to the local network.
Module 2, Pages 46, 47.
39. How is the name of the log file(s) created when you enable DHCP logging?
DhcpSrvLog.xxx (where xxx are the first three letters of the day of the week). This file is created in the
%systemroot%\system32\dhcp folder. Module 2, Page 49.
40. What is the name of utility used to compact the DHCP database?
The Jetpack utility is used to compact the DHCP data.
Module 2, Page 50.
41. Where is the backup copy of the DHCP database stored?
The backup copy of the DHCP database is stored in the following folder by default:
%systemroot%\system32\dhcp\backup\jet\new
Module 2, Page 50.
42. What is the Domain Name System (DNS)?
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical part of a TCP/IP network in that is provides IP name to IP
address name resolution. Windows 2000 uses DNS as its primary method of name resolution.
Module 3, Page 1.
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43. Describe the two DNS Query Types.
The two DNS Query Types are Iterative and Recursive. In an Iterative Query, a query made from a client to
a DNS server in which the server returns the best answer that it can provide based on its cache or zone data.
In a Recursive Query, a query made from a client to a DNS server in which the server assumes the full
workload and responsibility for providing a complete answer to the query. Module 3, page 3.
44. Describe the two DNS Lookup Types.
The two DNS Lookup Types are Forward Lookup and Reverse Lookup. In a Forward Lookup, the client
provides the DNS server with an IP name and requests the IP address associated with the IP name. In a
Reverse Lookup, the client provides the DNS server with an IP address and requests the IP name associated
with the IP address. Module 3, Page 4.
45. What two methods can be used to configure a client computer to use a DNS server?
The IP address of the DNS server can be entered manually in the TCP/IP configuration of the client
computer, or the IP address of the DNS server can be provided to the client computer by a DHCP server.
Module 3, Page 7.
46. Before DNS became the Internet standard for name resolution services, computer names were mapped to IP
addresses by using Hosts files. Where would you find the Hosts file stored on a Windows 2000 computer?
The Hosts file is stored in the following folder:
%systemroot%\system32\drivers\etc
Module 3, Page 8.
47. Describe the three Zone Types that can be used by the DNS server running on Windows 2000 Server?
Standard Primary – Contains read/write version of the zone file. In the non-Microsoft world this is simply
called the Primary Zone.
Standard Secondary – Contains a read-only copy of the zone file. Any changes to the zone file must be
made on the Standard Primary Zone and they are then replicated to the Standard Secondary Zone. In the
non-Microsoft world this is simply called the Secondary Zone.
Active Directory Integrated – The zone information is stored as part of the Active Directory instead of textbased zone files. Of course this option is only available on a DNS server running on Windows 2000 server.
Module 3, Page 10.
48. When is a zone transfer initiated?
A zone transfer is initiated when a) A master DNS server sends notification of zone changes to a secondary
server or b) The secondary server queries a master DNS server for changes to the zone file.
Module 3, Page 25.
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49. Incremental Zone Transfer (IXFR) is a relatively new RFC for DNS. What method of zone transfer is used
if IXFR isn’t used?
A full zone transfer is used, the entire zone file is copied from the master DNS server to the secondary DNS
server. Module 3, Page 25.
50. What is stored in the SOA resource record for a zone?
The SOA (Start of Authority) resource record specifies the domains for which the zone is authoritative, and
the parameters for how zone transfers occur. Module 3, Pages 26, 27.
51. What is a subdomain?
A subdomain is a DNS domain that is located directly beneath another domain in the DNS hierarchical
structure. For example, sales.fabrikan.com is a subdomain of the fabrikan.com domain. Module 3, Page 28.
52. What are the advantages of an Active Directory integrated zones?
1) No single point of failure. 2) Fault tolerance. 3) Single replication topology. 4) Secure dynamic updates.
Module 3, Page 30.
53. Where would you find a Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) DNS server?
The BIND implementation of DNS is most often found on UNIX servers. Module 3, Page 33.
54. Under what two circumstances would you configure your DNS server as a root server?
1) Your intranet is not connected to the Internet.
2) Your organization is connected to the Internet though a proxy server.
Module 3, Page 34.
55. A Windows 2000 DNS server support dynamic update of resource records. Describe how a Windows 2000based DHCP client has its forward lookup address record (A) and it reverse lookup record (PTR) updated.
The Windows 2000 DHCP client updates its own forward lookup address A record in the DNS server. The
DHCP server updates the clients reverse lookup record (PTR) in the DNS server. Module 3, Page 37.
56. A Windows 2000 DNS servers supports dynamic update of resource records. Describe how computers
running previous versions of Windows have their forward lookup address record (A) and reverse lookup
record (PTR) updated.
The DHCP server updates both the clients forward lookup address (A) record and the clients reverse lookup
record (PTR) in the DNS server. Pre-Windows 2000 operating systems cannot update their own A records
in the DNS server. Module 3, Page 37.
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57. What are the benefits of Secure Dynamic Updates?
1) Protection of zones and resource records against modification o by unauthorized users.
2) The ability to specify the users and groups that are authorized to modify zones and resource records.
Module 3, Page 40.
58. Why would you implement a cache-only DNS server?
A cache-only DNS server can reduce network traffic especially across a WAN. Module 3, Page 42.
59. What are some common record types that you find in a DNS server zone file.
A – Forward lookup record (also known as an A record)
NS – Name Server record (identified name server)
CNAME – alias record (used to give a computer an additional name)
MX – used to identified an e-mail server
SOA – start of authority record (used to identify authoritative zone)
PTR – Reverse lookup record (also know as a Pointer record)
SRV – Service record (used to identify services available on servers)
Module 3, Pages 44, 45.
60. What command line tool is used to verify that DNS is working correctly?
The nslookup utility is used to verify that DNS is working correctly. Module 3, Page 48.
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