Chemical Engineering Department 350 Clyde Building Brigham Young University Provo, Utah 84602 Dr. William G. Pitt (801)422-2589 (office) (801)422-0151 (FAX) E-mail: pitt@byu.edu EDUCATION 1983-1987 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering, Minor: Materials Science Dissertation: "Adsorption of Proteins to Polyurethanes", December 1987 1977-1983 Brigham Young University, Provo, UT Bachelor of Science, summa cum laude, Chemical Engineering, April 1983 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1998-present Professor, Chemical Engineering Dept., Brigham Young University 2007-2012 Pope Professor (an endowed chair), Chemical Engineering Dept., BYU 1988-present Adjunct Professorial titles, Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah 2003-present BYU Cancer Research Center, board member 2001-2002 Visiting Research Prof., Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University 1993-1998 Associate Professor, Chemical Engineering Dept., Brigham Young University 1994-1995 Lasby Visiting Professor, Dept. of Oral Sciences, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis 1988-1997 Faculty Research Member, Center for Biopolymers at Interfaces, University of Utah 1987-1993 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University 1983-1987 Research Assistant, Teaching Assistant, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 1982, 1983 Project Engineer (summer intern), Terra Tek Research, Salt Lake City, UT: corrosion research, analytical chemistry 1980, 1981 Lab Technician (summer intern), Kennecott Research, Salt Lake City, UT: corrosion, reaction kinetics PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES (Memberships) American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) Society for Biomaterials Controlled Release Society Society for Biological Engineering HONORS AND AWARDS 2013-2014 Karl G. Maeser Research and Creative Arts Award, Brigham Young University 2007-2012 Pope Professor of Chemical Engineering, an endowed chair, Brigham Young U. 2007 Sponsored Research Award, Brigham Young University 1999-2000 BYU College of Engineering and Technology, Special Commendation Award 1994-1995 Lasby Visiting Professor, Dept. of Oral Sciences, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis 1988 Teacher of the Year, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University ACTIVITIES 2011-present 2010-present 2003-present 1989-present 1989-present 2012-present 2000-2012 1989-present Member of Board of Directors, 2ft Prosthetics, maker of low-cost prosthetic legs Member of Editorial Board of Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces Member of Editorial Board of Journal of Biomaterial Science, Polymer Edition member, National Student Chapters Committee, AIChE Chair, National Student Paper Competition, AIChE Advisor, 2ft Prosthetics student club, Brigham Young University Advisor, Biomedical Engineering student club, Brigham Young University Regular reviewer for over 25 journals in drug delivery and biomedical engineering PROFESSIONAL CONSULTANT in the areas of ultrasound, polymer identification, biomedical polymers, polymer degradation, polymer surfaces, polymeric drug delivery Revised and printed March 8, 2016 Dr. William G. Pitt PUBLICATIONS Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles and Peer-Reviewed Book Chapters (* indicates corresponding author) 140. Javadi, M. and Pitt, W.G.*, “Insights into Ultrasonic Release from eLiposomes”, Letters in Applied NanoBioScience, 4,(1) 251-258 (2015). 139. Lattin, J.R., Javadi, M., McRae, M., and Pitt, W.G.*, “Cytosolic Delivery via the Endosome using Acoustic Droplet Vaporization, J. Drug Targeting, in press, (2015). 138. Husseini, G.A.*, Pitt, W.G., Williams, J., and Javadi, M., “Release of Calcein from eLiposomes at Different Temperatures”, J. Colloid Sci. Biotech., in press, (2015). 137. Lattin, J.R. and Pitt, W.G.*, “Factors Affecting Ultrasonic Release from eLiposomes”, in press, Journal of Pharmaceutical Science (2015). 136. Pitt*, W.G., Zhao, Y., Jack, D. R., Perez, K.X., Jones, P.W., Marelli, R., Nelson, J.L., and Pruitt, J.D., “Extended Elution of Phospholipid from Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses”, J. Biomaterials Sci., Polymer Edn., in press (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2014.994947 135. Husseini, G.A.*, Kherbeck, L., Pitt, W.G., Hubbell, J.A., Christensen, D.A., and Velluto, D., “Kinetics of Ultrasonic Drug Delivery from Targeted Micelles”, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.15(3), 2099-2104 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.9498 134. Chung-Yin Lin*, William G. Pitt, Hai-Li Liu, and Kuo-Chin Wei, “Development of Ultrasound Sensitive eLiposomes Containing Doxorubicin for Drug Delivery”, British J Pharm Res, 4(19), 2296-2311 (2014). 133. Husseini, G.A.*, Pitt, W.G. and Javadi, M., “Investigating the Stability of eLiposomes at Elevated Temperatures”, Technol. Cancer Res. Treatment,14, 1-4 (2014). DOI: 10.1177/1533034614551480 132. Husseini, G.A.*, Pitt, W.G., and Martins, A.M., “Ultrasonically triggered drug delivery: breaking the barrier”, Colloids & Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 123, 364-386 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.07.051 131. Tam, N.K, Pitt, W.G.*, Perez, K.X., Glenn, A., E., Chinn, J., Liu, X.M., and Maziarz, E.P. “Prevention and Removal of Lipid Deposits by Lens Care Solutions and Rubbing”, Optometry Vision Sci., 91(12), 1430-1439 (2014). 130. Tam, N.K., Pitt*, W.G., Perez, K.X., Handly, E., Glenn, A.A., Hickey, J.W. and Larsen, B.G, “The Role of Multi-Purpose Solutions in Prevention and Removal of Lipid Depositions on Contact Lenses”, Contact Lens & Anterior Eye, 37, 405-414 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2014.07.003 129. Lin, C.-Y., Javadi, M., Belnap, D.M., Barrow, J.R., and Pitt, W.G.*, “Ultrasound Sensitive eLiposomes Containing Doxorubicin for Targeted Drug Therapy”, Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine”, 10(1), 67-76 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2013.06.011 128. Pitt, W.G., Perez, K.X., Singh, R.N., Husseini, G.A., and Jack, D.R. “Phase Transitions of Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions Induced with Ultrasound: A Mathematical Model”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 21(2) 879-891 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.08.005 http://authors.elsevier.com/sd/article/S1350417713001764 127. Lin, C.-Y., Pitt, W.G., “Acoustic Droplet Vaporization in Biology and Medicine”, BioMed Research International (Hindawi), 2013(404361), 1-13 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/404361 126. Pitt, W.G.*, Perez, K.X., Tam, N.K., Handly, E., Chinn, J., Liu, X.M., and Maziarz, E.P., “Quantitation of Cholesterol and Phospholipid Sorption on Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses” J. Biomedical Materials Research B: Applied Biomaterials, 101(8) 1516-1523 (2013). 125. Javadi, M., Pitt, W.G.,* Tracy, C.M., Barrow, J.R., Willardson, B.M., Hartley, J.M., and Tsosie, N.H. “Ultrasonic Gene and Drug Delivery using eLiposomes”, J. Controlled Release, 167(1) 92100 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.01.009 124. Pitt, W.G.*, Husseini, G.A., and Kherbeck, L.N., “Ultrasound-Triggered Release from Micelles”, in “Smart Materials for Drug Delivery”, vol. 1, C. Alvarez-Lorenzo, A. Concheiro, Eds., Royal Society of Chemistry, 148-178, (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/978184973680000148 123. Diaz de la Rosa, M.A., Pitt, W.G.*, and Husseini, G.A., “Comparing Microbubble Cavitation at 500 kHz and 70 kHz Related to Micellar Drug Delivery using Ultrasound”, Ultrasonics, 53(2), 377-386 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2012.07.004 122. Husseini, G.A.*, Velluto, D., Kherbeck, L., Pitt, W.G., Hubbell, J.A., and Christensen, D.A., “Investigating the Acoustic Release of Doxorubicin from Targeted Micelles”, Colloids Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 101, 153-155 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.05.025 121. Diaz de la Rosa, M.A., Pitt, W.G.*, and Husseini, G.A., “Mathematical Modeling of Microbubble Cavitation at 70 kHz and the Importance of the Subharmonic in Drug Delivery from Micelles”, Ultrasonics, 53, 97-110 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2012.04.004 120. Hansen, D., Pan, Y., Stockton, J., Pitt, W.G. and Wheeler, D.R.*, “Cyclic voltammetry investigation of organic species considered for use as catalysts in direct-carbohydrate fuel cells,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 159, H834-H841 (2012). 119. Read, A., Hansen, D., Aloi, S., Pitt, W.G., Wheeler, D.R., and Watt, G.D.*, “Mono alkyl viologens are effective carbohydrate O2-oxidation catalysts for electrical energy generation by fuel cells,” Renewable Energy, 46, 218-223 (2012). 118. Marjan Javadi, William G. Pitt*, David M. Belnap, Naakaii H. Tsosie, and Jonathan M. Hartley, “Encapsulating Emulsions inside Liposomes for Drug Delivery”, Langmuir, 28(41), 14720-14729 (2012). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la303464v 117. Lattin, J.R., Pitt, W.G.*, Belnap, D.M., and Husseini, G.A., “Ultrasound Induced Calcein Release from eLiposomes”, Ultrasound Med. Biol., 38(12), 2163-2173 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.08.001 116. Singh, R. Husseini, G.A.*, and Pitt, W.G., “Phase Transitions of Nanoemulsions Using Ultrasound: Experimental Observations”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 19, 1120-1125 (2012). 115. Husseini, G.A.*, Pitt, W.G., Memmott, B.R., Jack, D.R., “Non-Viral Gene Transfection with Ultrasound: is 100% Transfection Possible?”, Advanced Science Lett, 11, 98-105 (2012). 114. Lattin, J.R., Belnap, D.M., and Pitt, W.G.*, “Formation of eLiposomes as a drug delivery vehicle”, Colloids & Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 89, 93-100 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.08.030 113. Pitt*, W.G., Jack, D.R., Zhao, Y., Nelson, J.L., and Pruitt, J.D. “Transport of Phospholipid in Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses”, J. Biomat. Sci. Polym. Ed., 23, 527-541 (2012). 112. Abdel-Jabbar, N.M., Husseini*, G.A,, Mjalli, F.S., Pitt, W.G., Al-Mousa, A., “Optimizing the Use of Ultrasound to Deliver Chemotherapeutic Agents to Cancer Cells from Polymeric Micelles”, J. Franklin Inst., 348, 1276-1284 (2011). 111. Pitt*, W.G., Jack, D.R., Zhao, Y., Nelson, J.L., and Pruitt, J.D. “Loading and Release of a Phospholipid from Contact Lenses”, Optometry and Vision Science, 88(4), 502-506 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0b013e31820e9ff8 110. Pitt*, W.G., Husseini, G.A., Roeder, B.L., Dickinson, D., Warden, D.K., Hartley, J., and Jones, P.W., “Preliminary Results of Combining Ultrasound and Liposomal Drug Delivery to Treat Tumors in Rats”, J. Nanosci. Nanotech., 11(3), 1866-1870 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2011.3117 109. Lewis*, R.S., Knotts, T.A., Wilding, W.V., Pitt, W.G., and Argyle, M.D., “Results and Analysis of a Required Senior Exam to Assess Learning of Course Competencies”, Proceeding of the ASEE Annual Meeting, (2010). 108. Husseini*, G.A., Stevenson-Abouelnasr, D.,Pitt, W.G., Assaleh, K.T., Farahat, L.O., and Fahadi, J., “Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Acoustic Release of Doxorubicin from Non-stabilized polymeric Micelles”, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 359, 18-24 (2010). 107. Staples, B.J., Pitt*, W.G., Roeder, B.L., Husseini, G.A., Rajeev, D., and Schaalje, G.B., “Distribution of Doxorubicin in Rats Undergoing Ultrasonic Drug Delivery”, J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 99(7), 3122-3131 (2010). 106. Husseini*, G.A., Mjalli, F.S., Pitt, W.G., and Abdel-Jabbar, N.M., “Using Artificial Neural Networks and Model Predictive Control to Optimize Acoustically Assisted Doxorubicin Release from Polymeric Micelles”, Tech. Cancer Res. Treatment, 8(6), 479-488 (2009). 105. Husseini*, G.A., Diaz de la Rosa, M.A., AlAqqad, E.O., Al Mamary, S., Kadimanti, Y., Al Baik, A. and Pitt, W.G., “Kinetics of Acoustic Release of Doxorubicin from Stabilized and Unstabilized Micelles and the Effect of Temperature”, J Franklin Inst., 348(1), 125-133 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.jfranklin.2009.02.007. 104. Solen*, K.A., and Pitt, W.G., “The Anomaly of Methods in Deriving Miller-Bravais Directions and Its Application to the Hexagonal Close-Packed Unit Cell” J. Materials Edu., 31(3-4), 231238 (2009). 103. Husseini*, G.A., Pitt, W.G., Christensen, D.A. and Dickinson, D., “Degradation Kinetics of Stabilized Pluronic Micelles under the action of Ultrasound”, J. Controlled Rel., 138, 45-48 (2009). 102. Staples, B.J., Roeder, B.L., Husseini, G.A., Badamjav, O., Schaalje, G.B. and Pitt*, W.G., “Role of Frequency and Mechanical Index in Ultrasound-Enhanced Chemotherapy of Tumors in Rats”, Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 64(3), 593-600 (2009). 101. Stringham, S.B., Viskovska, M.A., Richardson, E.S., Ohmine, S., Murray, B.K., and Pitt*, W.G., “Over-pressure suppresses ultrasonic-induced drug uptake”, Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 35(3), 409-415 (2009). 100. Husseini*, G.A., and Pitt, W.G., “Ultrasonic-Activated Micellar Drug Delivery for Cancer Treatment”, J. Pharm. Sci., 98(3), 795-811 (2009). 99. Husseini*, G.A., and Pitt, W.G., “Micelles and Nanoparticles for Ultrasonic Drug and Gene Delivery”, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60, 1137-1152 (2008). 98. Pitt*, W.G., and Husseini, G.A., “Ultrasound in Drug and Gene Delivery”, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60, 1095-1096 (2008). DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.03.001. 97. Husseini*, G.A., and Pitt, W.G., “The Use of Ultrasound and Micelles in Cancer Treatment”, J. Nanoscience Nanotechnology, 8, 2205-2215 (2008). 96. Pitt*, W.G., and Husseini, G.A., “On Bubbles and Liposomes”, J. Controlled Release, 125, 174177 (2008). DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.10.004. 95. Lei, H., Wilding, W.V., and Pitt*, W.G., “Measurement of Activities of Toluene and Trichloroethylene in Polyisobutylene”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 52, 2233-2236 (2007). DOI: 10.1021/je700255f. 94. Richardson, E.S., Woodbury, D.J., and Pitt*, W.G., “The Role of Cavitation in Liposome Formation”, Biophysical Journal, 93(12) 4100-4107 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.107.104042. 93. Lei, H., Pitt*, W.G., McGrath, L.K., and Ho, C.K., “Modeling carbon-black/polymer composite sensors”, Sensors & Actuators B, 125, 396-407 (2007). 92. Husseini*, G.A., Abdel-Jabbar, N.M., Mjalli, F.S., and Pitt, W.G., “Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of Acoustic Release of Doxorubicin from Unstabilized Pluronic P105 Using an Artificial Neural Network Model”, Technol. Cancer Res. Treatment, 6(1), 1-8 (2007) [ISSN 1533-0346]. 91. Stevenson-Abouelnasr, D., Husseini*, G.A., and Pitt, W.G., "Further investigation of the mechanism of Doxorubicin release from P105 micelles using kinetic models" Colloids & Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 55, 59-66 (2007). 90. Husseini, G.A., Diaz de la Rosa, M.A., Gebuji, T., Zeng, Y., Christensen, D.A., and Pitt*, W.G., “Release of Doxorubicin from Unstabilized and Stabilized Micelles Under the action of Ultrasound”, J Nanoscience Nanotechnology, 7(3), 1028-1033 (2007). 89. Lei, H., and Pitt*. W.G., “Selection of polymeric sensor arrays for quantitative analysis”, Sensors & Actuators B, 124, 278-283 (2007). 88. Runyan, C.M., Carmen, J.C., Beckstead, B.L., Nelson, J.L., Robison, R.A., and Pitt*, W.G., “Low-Frequency Ultrasound Increases Outer Membrane Permeability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, J. Gen. Appl. Microbiology, 52(5) 1-7 (2006). 87. Parini, M.R., and Pitt*, W.G., “Dynamic Removal of Oral Biofilms by Bubbles”, Colloids & Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 52, 39-46 (2006). 86. Zeng, Y., and Pitt*, W.G., “A polymer micelle system with a hydrolysable segment for drug delivery”, J. Biomaterial Sci Polym. Ed., 17(5) 591-604 (2006). 85. Husseini, G.A., O’Neill, K.L., and Pitt*, W.G., “The Comet Assay to Determine the Mode of Cell Death for the Ultrasonic Delivery of Doxorubicin to Human Leukemia (HL-60 cells) from Pluronic P105 Micelles”, Technol. Cancer Res. Treatment, 4(6), 707-712 (2005). 84. Parini, M.R., and Pitt*, W.G., “Removal of Oral Biofilms by Bubbles: The Effect of Bubble Trajectory and Sonic Waves”, J. Am. Dent. Assoc., 136, 1688-1693 (2005). 83. Parini, M.R., Eggett, D.L., and Pitt*, W.G., “Removal of Streptococcus mutans Biofilms by Bubbles”, J. Clin. Periodontol., 32, 1151-1156 (2005). 82. Pitt*, W.G., “Removal of Oral Biofilm by Sonic Phenomena”, Am. J. Dent., 18(5), 345-352 (2005). 81. Choi, S., Christensen, M.B., Fredin, N., and Pitt*, W.G., “Swellable Coatings for Hearing Aid Applications”, J. Biomat. Applications, 20(2), 1223-1235 (2005). 80. Ensing, G.T., Roeder, B.L., Nelson, J.L., van Horn, J.R., van der Mei, H.C., Busscher*, H.J., and Pitt, W.G., “Effect of pulsed ultrasound in combination with gentamicin on bacterial viability in biofilms on bone cements in vivo”, J. Appl. Microbiol., 99(1), 443-448 (2005). 79. Husseini, G.A., Diaz de la Rosa, M.A., Richardson, E.S., Christensen, D.A., and Pitt*, W.G., “The Role of Cavitation in Acoustically Activated Drug Delivery”, J. Controlled Release, 107(2), 253-261 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.06.015 78. Zeng, Y., and Pitt*, W.G., “Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) nanoparticles with crosslinked cores as drug carriers”, J. Biomaterial Sci Polym. Ed., 16(3), 371-380 (2005). 77. Carmen, J.C., Roeder, B.L., Nelson, J.L., Beckstead, B.L., Runyan, C.M., Robison, R.A., Schaalje, G.B. and Pitt*, W.G., “The Treatment of Implanted Biofilms with Low-Frequency Ultrasound and Gentamicin, Am. J. Infect. Control, 33(2), 78-82 (2005). 76. Spencer, M.G., Strong, A.B., and Pitt*, W.G., “Advancements in the Rotational Molding of ABS Polymers and Blends”, Rotation, 8(5), 23-27 (2004). 75. Pitt*, W.G., Husseini, G.A., and Staples, B.J, “Ultrasonic Drug Delivery – A General Review”, Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 1(1) 37-56 (2004). 74. Carmen, J.C., J.L. Nelson, B.L. Beckstead, C.M. Runyan, R.A. Robison, and W.G. Pitt*. “Ultrasonic-Enhanced Gentamicin Transport through Colony Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli”, J. Infect. Chemother. 10(4), 193-199 (2004). 73. Lei, H., Pitt*, W.G., McGrath, L., and Ho, C.K., “Resistivity measurements of carbon-polymer composites in chemical sensors: impact of carbon concentration and geometry” Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 101(1-2) 122-132 (2004). 72. Carmen, J.C., B.L. Roeder, J.L. Nelson, B.L. Beckstead, C.M. Runyan, G.B. Schaalje, R.A. Robison, and W.G. Pitt*. “Ultrasonically enhanced vancomycin activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms in vivo” J. Biomater. Appl. 18(4), 237-245 (2004). 71. Pitt*, W.G., Mason, M.L., Morris, R.N., Hall, M.W., Luo, Y., and Prestwich, G.D., “Attachment of Bioactive Hyaluronic Acid to Metallic Surfaces”, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 68A, 95-106 (2004). 70. Bujnowski, A.M. and Pitt*, W.G. "Water structure around enkephalin near a GeO2 surface: a molecular dynamics study", in Cells, Proteins and Materials (H. Sheardown and S. L. Cooper, Eds.) VSP Press, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2003, pp. 441-462. 69. Rapoport*, N., Pitt, W.G., Sun, H., and Nelson, J.L., “Drug delivery in polymeric micelles: from in vitro to in vivo”, J. Control. Rel., 91(1-2), 85-95 (2003). 68. Pitt*, W.G. and Ross, S.A., “Ultrasound Increases the Rate of Bacterial Cell Growth”, Biotechnol. Prog., 19(3), 1038-1044 (2003). http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/download.pl?bp0340685/T7Sd 67. Pitt*, W.G., “Defining the Role of Ultrasound in Drug Delivery”, Am. J. Drug Delivery, 1(1), 2742 (2003). 66. Nelson, J.L., Roeder, B.L., Carmen, J.C., Roloff, F., and Pitt*, W. G. “Ultrasonically Activated Chemotherapeutic Drug Delivery in a Rat Model”, Cancer Res. 62(24), 7280-7283, (2002). 65. Bujnowski, A.M. and Pitt*, W.G. "Water structure around enkephalin near a GeO2 surface: a molecular dynamics study", J. Biomaterials Sci. Polym. Ed., 13(8), 885-906 (2002). 64. Pruitt, J.D. and Pitt*, W.G., “Sequestration and Ultrasound-Induced Release of Doxorubicin from Stabilized Pluronic P105 Micelles”, Drug Delivery 9(4), 253-259 (2002). 63. Marin, A., Sun, H., Husseini, G.A., Pitt, W.G., Christensen, D.A., Rapoport*, N.Y., “Drug delivery in pluronic micelles: effect of high-frequency ultrasound on drug release from micelles and intracellular uptake”, J Controlled Release, 84(1), 39-47 (2002). 62. Husseini, G.A., Christensen, D.A., Rapoport, N.Y., and Pitt*, W.G., “Ultrasonic release of doxorubicin from Pluronic P105 micelles stabilized with an interpenetrating network of N,Ndiethylacrylamide”,J Controlled Release, 83(2), 303-305 (2002). 61. Husseini, G.A., Runyan, C.M., and Pitt*, W.G., “Investigating the Mechanism of Acoustically Activated Uptake of Drugs from Pluronic Micelles”, BMC Cancer, 2(1), 20-25 (2002). http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2407-2-20.pdf 60. Muniruzzaman, M., Marin, A., Luo, Y., Prestwich, G.D., Pitt, W.G., Husseini, G., and Rapoport*, N., “Intracellular Uptake of Pluronic Copolymer: Effects of the Aggregation” Colloids Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 25, 233-241, (2002). 59. George, A., and Pitt*, W.G., “Comparison of Corneal Epithelial Cellular Growth on Synthetic Cornea Materials”, Biomaterials, 23, 1369-1373 (2002). 58. Husseini, G.A., Rapoport, N.Y., Christensen, D.A., Pruitt, J.D., and Pitt*, W.G., “Kinetics of Ultrasonic Release of Doxorubicin from Pluronic P105 Micelles”, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 24, 253-264, (2002). 57. Pruitt, J., Husseini, G., Rapoport, N.Y., and Pitt*, W.G., “Stabilization of Pluronic P-105 micelles with an interpenetrating network of N,N-diethylacrylamide”, Macromolecules, 33, 9306-9309 (2000). http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/download.pl?ma0008544/s4G2 DOI: 10.1021/ma0008544 56. Husseini, G.A., Myrup, G.D., Pitt, W.G., Christensen, D.A., and Rapoport*, N.Y., “Factors affecting acoustically triggered release of drugs from polymeric micelles”, J. Controlled Release, 69, 43-52 (2000). 55. Husseini, G.A., El-Fayoumi, R.I., O'Neill, K.L., Rapoport, N.Y., and Pitt*, W.G., "DNA Damage Induced by Micellar-Delivered Doxorubicin and Ultrasound: Comet Assay Study", Cancer Letters, 154, 211-216 (2000). 54. Rediske, A.M., Roeder, B.L., Nelson, J.L., Robison, R.L., Schaalje, G.B., Robison, R.A., and Pitt*, W.G., "Pulsed Ultrasound Enhances the Killing of Escherichia coli biofilms by Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in vivo", Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44, 771-772 (2000). 53. Peterson, R.V., and Pitt*, W.G., “The effect of frequency and power density on the ultrasonicallyenhanced killing of biofilm-sequestered Escherichia coli”, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces,17, 219-227 (2000). 52. Pitt*, W.G., and Barton, A.J., "Models and Measurement of Bacterial Growth rates on Polymers", in Handbook of Microbial Adhesion: Principles, Methods, and Applications, Y.H. An and R.J. Friedman, Eds., Humana Press, Totowa, NJ p. 189-202 (2000). 51. Mason, M., Vercruysse, K.P., Kirker, K.R., Frisch, R., Marecak, D.M., Prestwich, G.D., and Pitt*, W.G., "Attachment of Hyaluronic Acid to Polypropylene, Polystyrene, and Polytetrafluoroethylene", Biomaterials, 21, 31-36 (2000). 50. Rapoport*, N., Smirnov, A.I., Pitt, W.G., Timoshin, A.A., “Bioreduction of Tempone and SpinLabeled Gentamicin by Gram-Negative Bacteria: Kinetics and Effect of Ultrasound”, Archive Biochem. Biophys., 362(2), 233-241 (1999). 49. Rapoport*, N.Y., Herron, J.N., Pitt, W.G., and Pitina, L., "Micellar Delivery of Doxorubicin and its Paramagnetic Analog, Ruboxyl to HL-60 Cells: Effect of Micelle Structure and Ultrasound on the Intracellular Drug Uptake", J. Controlled Release, 58, 153-162 (1999). 48. Rediske, A.M., Roeder, B.L., Brown, M.K, Nelson, J.L., Robison, R.L., Draper, D.O., Schaalje, G.B., Robison, R.A., and Pitt*, W.G., "Ultrasonic Enhancement of Antibiotic Action on Escherichia coli Biofilms: An In Vivo Model" Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 1211-1214 (1999). 47. Rediske, A.M., Rapoport, N., and Pitt*, W.G., "Reducing Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics" Lett. Applied Microbiol. 28, 81-84 (1999). 46. Qian, Z., Sagers, R.D., and Pitt*, W.G., "Investigation of the mechanism of the bioacoustic effect", J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 44, 198-205 (1999). 45. Johnson, L., Peterson, R.V., and Pitt*. W.G., "Treatment of bacterial biofilms on polymeric implants using antibiotics and ultrasound", J. Biomat. Sci. Polymer Ed. 9, 1177-1185 (1998). 44. Rediske, A.M., Hymas, W.C., R. Wilkinson and Pitt*, W.G., “Ultrasonic Enhancement of Antibiotic Action on Several Species of Bacteria”, J. Gen. Applied Micro., 44, 283-288 (1998). 43. Bujnowski, A.M., and Pitt*, W.G., "Water structure around enkephalin near a PE surface: a molecular dynamics study" J. Colloid Interface Sci., 203, 47-58 (1998). 42. Qian, Z., Sagers, R.D., and Pitt*, W.G., "The role of insonation intensity in acoustic-enhanced antibiotic treatment of bacterial biofilms", Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 9, 239-245, (1997). 41. Rapoport*, N., Smirnov, A., Timoshin, A., Pratt, A., and Pitt, W.G. "Factors affecting the permeabiltiy of P. aeruginosa cell walls toward lipophilic compounds: effects of ultrasound and cell age", Archive Biochem. Biophys., 344(1), 114-124 (1997). 40. Williams, R.G., and Pitt*, W.G., “In Vitro Response of Escherichia coli to Antibiotic and Ultrasound at Various Insonation Intensities”, J. Biomaterials Applications, 12, 20-30, (1997). 39. Munshi, N., Rapoport, N., and Pitt*. W.G., “Ultrasonic activated drug delivery from Pluronic P-105 micelles”, Cancer Letters, 118, 13-19 (1997). 38. Pitt*, W. G. and Weaver, D. R., "Calculation of Protein-Polymer Force Fields using Molecular Dynamics", J. Colloid Interface Sci., 185, 258-264 (1997). 37. Qian, Z., Sagers, R.D., and Pitt*, W.G., "The Effect of Ultrasonic Frequency upon Enhanced Killing of P. aeruginosa Biofilms" Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 25, 69-76, (1997). 36. Barton, A.J., Sagers, R.D., and Pitt*, W.G., "Measurement of Bacterial Growth Rates on Polymers", J. Biomed. Materials Res., 32, 271-278, (1996). 35. Qian, Z., Stoodley, P., and Pitt*, W.G., "The Effect of Low Intensity Ultrasound upon Biofilm Structure from Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy Observations", Biomaterials, 17, 19751980 (1996). 34. Huang, C.-T., James, G., Pitt, W.G., and Stewart*, P.S., "Effects of ultrasonic treatment on the efficacy of gentamicin against established Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms", Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 6, 235-242 (1996). 33. Barton, A.J., Sagers, R.D., and Pitt*, W.G., "Bacterial Adhesion to Orthopedic Implant Polymers", J. Biomed. Materials Res., 30, 403-410 (1996). 32. Nay, J.C., Pitt*, W.G., and Armstrong-Carroll, E., "Improving Adhesion in Interleaf Composites Using Plasma Processing" J. Appl Polym. Sci., 56, 461-469 (1995). 31. Solen*, K.A., Mohammad, S.F., Burns, G.L., Pantalos, G.M., Kim, J., Peng, Y., Pitt, W.G., Reynolds, L.O., and Olsen, D.B., "Markers of Thromboembolization in a Bovine Ex Vivo Left Ventricular Assist Device Model", ASIAO Journal, 40, M602-M608, (1994). 30. Pitt*, W. G., McBride, M.O., Lunceford, J.K., Roper, R.J., and Sagers, R.D., "Ultrasonic Enhancement of Antibiotic Action on Gram-Negative Bacteria", Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 38, 2577-2582 (1994). 29. Zhang, Z., Pitt*, W.G., Goates, S.R., and Owen, N.L., "Studies on Oxidative PhotoDegradation of Epoxy Resins by IR-ATR Spectroscopy" J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 54, 419-427, (1994). 28. Pitt*, W.G. "The Free Energy of Wetting", Chemical Eng. Education, 27(4), 184-197 (1993). 27. Pitt*, W. G., Weaver, D.R., and Cooper, S.L., "Fibronectin Adsorption Kinetics on Phase Segregated Polyurethaneureas", J. Biomat. Sci. Polym. Ed., 4, 337-346 (1993). 26. Pitt*, W.G., Barton, A.J., Sagers, R.D., and McBride, M.O., "Air-Water Interface Displaces Adsorbed Bacteria", Biomaterials, 14, 605-608 (1993). 25. Cook, A.D., Sagers, R.D., and Pitt*, W.G., "Bacterial Adhesion to Protein-Coated Hydrogels", J. Biomaterials Appl., 8, 72-89 (1993). 24. Pitt*, W.G., Lakenan, J.L., and Strong, A. B., "The Influence of Plasma Gas Species on the Adhesion of Thermoplastic to Organic Fibers", J. Applied Polymer Science, 48, 845856 (1993). 23. Cook, A.D., Sagers, R.D., and Pitt*, W.G., "Bacterial adhesion to poly(HEMA)-based hydrogels", J. Biomed. Materials Res., 27, 119-126 (1993). 22. Weaver, D.R., and Pitt*, W.G., "Sticking Coefficients of Adsorbing Proteins", Biomaterials, 13, 577-584, (1992). 21. Chu, T.-J., Caldwell*, K. D., Weiss, R.B., Gesteland, R.F., and Pitt, W.G., "Low Fluorescence Background Electroblotting Membrane for DNA Sequencing", Electrophoresis 13, 105-114 (1992). 20. Finch, J.F., Poulsen, G.G., and Pitt*, W.G., "Degradation of Organic Fibers in Radio Frequency Plasma", SAMPE Q. 23(2), 48-53 (1992). 19. Pitt*, W.G., Lakenan, J.L., Fogg, D.M., and Strong, A.B., "Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion of Fibers to Thermoplastic: Comparison of Polyaramid and Glass", SAMPE Q., 23(1), 39-50 (1991). 18. Pitt*, W.G., Lakenan, J.L., and Strong, A. B., "A New Technique to Improve Filament-Matrix Adhesion in Kevlar Polycarbonate Composites", J. Thermoplastic Composite Mater., 4, 253265 (1991). 17. Pitt*, W.G. and Weaver, D.R., "Comments on Protein Adsorption on Polymer Surfaces: Calculation of Adsorption Energies", J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed., 2, 317-320 (1991). 16. Harb*, J.N., Pitt, W.G., and Tolley, D., "Statistical Analysis of Neutron Burst Size and Rate During Electrolysis of LiOD Solutions", J. Fusion Technology, 18, 669-677 (1990). 15. Golander, C.-G. and Pitt*, W. G., "Characterization of Hydrophobicity Gradients Prepared by Means of Radio Frequency Plasma Discharge", Biomaterials, 11, 32-35 (1990). 14. Pitt*, W.G. "Fabrication of a Continuous Wettability Gradient by Radio Frequency Plasma Discharge", J. Colloid Interface Sci., 133, 223-227 (1989). 13. Pitt, W. G., Fabrizius, D., Mosher, D. F., and Cooper*, S. L., "Vitronectin Adsorption on Polystyrene and Oxidized Polystyrene", J. Colloid Interface Sci., 129, 231-239 (1989). 12. Pitt, W. G., Young, B. R., Park, K., and Cooper*, S. L., "Plasma Protein Adsorption: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Observations", Makromol. Chem. Macromol. Symp., 17, 453-465 (1988). 11. Pitt, W. G., Grasel, T. G., and Cooper*, S. L., "Albumin Adsorption on Alkyl Chain Derivatized Polyurethanes: II. The Effect of Chain Length", Biomaterials, 9, 36-46 (1988). 10. Pitt, W. G., and Cooper*, S. L., "Albumin Adsorption on Alkyl Chain Derivatized Polyurethanes: I. The Effect of C-18 Alkylation", J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 22, 359-382 (1988). 9. Young, B. R., Pitt, W. G., and Cooper*, S. L., "Protein Adsorption on Polymeric Biomaterials: II. Adsorption Kinetics", J. Colloid Interface Sci., 125, 246-260 (1988). 8. Young, B. R., Pitt, W. G., and Cooper*, S. L., "Protein Adsorption on Polymeric Biomaterials: I. Adsorption Isotherms", J. Colloid Interface Sci., 124, 28-43 (1988). 7. Pitt, W. G., Young, B. R., and Cooper*, S. L., "Measurement of Advancing and Receding Contact Angles Inside Polymer Tubing", Colloids and Surfaces, 27, 345-355 (1987). 6. Grasel, T. G., Pitt, W. G., Murthy, K. D., McCoy, T. J., and Cooper*, S. L., "Properties of extruded poly(tetramethylene oxide)-polyurethane block copolymers for blood-contacting applications", Biomaterials, 8, 329-340 (1987). 5. Pitt, W.G., Spiegelberg, S.H., and Cooper*, S.L., "Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Studies of the Adsorption of Fibronectin to Polyurethane Surfaces", in Proteins at Interfaces, (T.A. Horbett, J.L. Brash, Eds.), Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, D.C., 1987, pp. 324-338. 4. Pitt, W.G., and Cooper*, S.L., "FTIR/ATR Studies of the Effect of Shear Rate upon Albumin Adsorption onto Polyurethaneurea", Biomaterials, 7, 340-347 (1986). 3. Pitt, W.G., Park, K., and Cooper*, S.L., "Sequential Protein Adsorption and Thrombus Deposition on Polymeric Biomaterials", J. Colloid Interface Sci., 111, 343-362 (1986). 2. Schlitt*, W. G., Hiskey, J. B., and Pitt, W. G., "Oxidation of Aqueous Sulfur Dioxide", Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Met. Pet. Engr., 274, 2051-2057 (1983). 1. Pitt, W. G., and Anderson*, T. N., "Corrosion of Alloys in Simulated Smelter FGD Scrubber Solutions", Materials Performance, 21, 26-29 (1982). Journal Articles Submitted and in Preparation 1. Dane Hansen, Yining Pan, James Stockton, William G. Pitt, Dean Wheeler*, “Cyclic voltammetry investigation of viologens, indigo carmine, and methylene blue for use as catalysts in direct-carbohydrate fuel cells”, submitted (2015). 2. Jacob Williams, William G. Pitt, Ghaleb A. Husseini, “Photothermally-triggered therapeutic delivery via nanoparticles”, in preparation, (2015). 3. Chung-Yin Lin, Han-Yi Hsieh, William G. Pitt, Chiung-Yin Huang, I-Chou Tseng, Chih-Kuang Yeh, Kuo-Chen Wei*, Hao-Li Liu*, “Focused Ultrasound-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption for Non-Viral Gene Delivery”, in preparation, (2015). 4. Zhao Pan, William G. Pitt, Tadd Truscott, Nan Wu, Yuanming Zhang, “Efficient Collection and Transport of Water by Physical Structure of Plant Hair: Silver-tipped moss: efficient water collection in the desert” , in preparation, (2015). 5. Tiffany M Dahl; John C Allen; Derrick Crawford; Ryan Mayberry; Colton Ragsdale; David Barnes; Aaron P Smith; Kate E Kmetzsch; Jared J Barrott; Jed J Kendall; Keri L Low; Marjan Javadi; Andrew Ford; Chad Martinez; Brandt Buckner; Matthew Potter; Eli Borup; Landon Woolf; William G Pitt; Jeffery R. Barrow, “The Dynamic Recruitment Model: A Mechanism for Patterning the Vertebrate Limb Along the Proximodistal Axis”, Development, submitted, (2015). 6. Husseini, G.A., Pitt, W.G., Williams, J.B. and Javadi, M., “Release of Calcein from eLiposomes at Different Temperatures”, J. Theor. Appl. Nanotech., submitted, (2015). Revised and printed March 8, 2016 Other Journal Articles, Published Transactions, Conference Presentations, and Invited Lectures 1. Pitt, W.G., "Fabrication of a Continuous Wettability Gradient by Radio Frequency Plasma Discharge", American Institute of Chemical Engineers Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., Nov. 27-Dec. 2, 1988. 2. Pitt, W.G., Harb, J.N., and Farahmandi, C.J., "Observation of Neutrons During Electrolysis of LiOD Solutions", NSF Proceedings of Cold Fusion Conference, October 16-17, 1989. 3. Pitt, W.G., Cook, L., and Sagers, R., "Bacterial Adhesion on Radio-Frequency Plasma Modified Polymers", American Institute of Chemical Engineers Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Nov. 5-10, 1989. 4. Strong, A.B. and Pitt, W.G., "Composite Education at Brigham Young University", Proceedings of the Annual meeting of the Society for the Advancement of Manufacturing and Process Engineering (SAMPE)" Anaheim, CA, May 2-5, 1990. 5. Pitt, W.G., Caldwell, K.D., and Chu, T.-J., "Low Fluorescence Background Electroblotting Membrane for DNA Sequencing", Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 13, 224, Charleston, S.C. May 20-24, 1990. 6 Pitt, W.G., Cook, A.D., and Sagers, R.D., "Bacterial Adhesion on Radio Frequency Plasma Discharge Treated Polymers", Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 13, 233, Charleston, S.C. May 20-24, 1990. 7. Pitt, W.G., Cook, A., Sagers, R., and Alder, M., "Differential Adhesion of Staphylococcus Epidermidis to Surfaces", American Institute of Chemical Engineers Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, Nov. 11-16, 1990. 8. Cook, A.D., Pitt, W.G., and Sagers, R.D., "Bacterial Adhesion to Poly(HEMA)-Based Hydrogels", Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 14, 109, Scottsdale, AZ. May 1-5, 1991. 9. Weaver, D.R., and Pitt. W.G., "Sticking Coefficients of Proteins on Polymers", Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 14, 126, Scottsdale, AZ. May 1-5, 1991. 10. Alder, M., Cook, L., Pitt, W., and Sagers, R., "Dynamics of Bacterial Adherence in a Laminar Flow Cell Using Actively Growing Cultures", Proceedings of the 91st General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Dallas, TX, May 5-9, 1991. 11. Cook, A.D., Pitt, W.G., Sagers, R.D., and Alder, C.M., "The Adhesion and Growth of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa on Poly(HEMA)-based Hydrogels", American Institute of Chemical Engineers Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, Nov. 17-22, 1991. 12. Weaver, D.R., and Pitt, W.G., "The Molecular Dynamics of Proteins Near Interfaces", American Institute of Chemical Engineers Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, Nov. 17-22, 1991. 13. Pitt, W.G., and Lakenan, J.E., "A New Technique to Improve Adhesion of Polyaramid Fibers to Thermoplastics", American Institute of Chemical Engineers Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, Nov. 17-22, 1991. 14. Davis, M.B., McBride, M.O, Barton, A.J., Pitt, W.G., and Sagers, R.D., "Direct Microscopic Observation of Bacterial Adherence in a Laminar Flow Cell", Intermountain Branch of American Society for Microbiology Meeting, Dugway, UT, April 11, 1992. 15. Barton, A.J., Pitt, W.G., McBride, M.O, Davis, M.B., and Sagers, R.D., "Fluid Flow Effects in Measuring Bacterial Adherence", Intermountain Branch of American Society for Microbiology Meeting, Dugway, UT, April 11, 1992. 16. McBride, M.O, Davis, M.B., Barton, A.J., Pitt, W.G., and Sagers, R.D., "The Air-Water Interface as a Factor in Stripping and Displacement of Adherent Bacterial Biofilms", Intermountain Branch of American Society for Microbiology Meeting, Dugway, UT, April 11, 1992. 17. Pitt, W.G., Cook, A.D., and Sagers, R.D., "Adhesion of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa on ProteinCoated Hydrogels" Transactions of the Fourth World Biomaterials Congress, Berlin, Germany, April 24-28, 1992. 18. Pitt, W.G., Lakenan, J.E., Fogg, D.M., and Strong, A.B., "A Novel Plasma Treatment Improves Adhesion of Polyaramid Fibers to Polycarbonate", in Advanced Materials and Structures from Research to Application, J. Brandt, H.L. Hornfeld, and M. Neitzel, Eds., SAMPE European Chapter, Niederglatt, Switzerland, 1992. 19. Pitt, W.G., and Lakenan, J.E., "Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion Between Organic Fibers and Thermoplastic Matrix", The Fourth International Conference on Composite Interfaces, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, May 26-29, 1992. 20. Barton, A.J., Sagers, R.D., and Pitt, W.G., "Bacterial Adhesion to Orthopedic Implant Polymers", Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 16, 149, Birmingham, AL, April 28-May 2, 1993. 21. Weaver, D.R., and Pitt, W.G., "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Protein Interactions with Polymer Surfaces", Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 16, 179, Birmingham, AL, April 28-May 2, 1993. 22. Nay, J.C., Pitt, W.G., and Armstrong-Carroll, E., "Plasma Techniques for Adhesion Improvement in Interleaf Composites", Proceedings of 25th SAMPE Technical Conference, Philadelphia, PA October 26-28, 1993. 23. Pitt, W.G., Bujnowski, A.M., and Weaver, D.R. "Prediction of Protein Adsorption and Orientation Using Molecular Dynamics", published in Biosym Application Notes, 1993. 24. Barton, A.J., Sagers, R.D., and Pitt, W.G., "Bacterial Adhesion and Growth on Orthopedic Polymers", Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 17, 348, Boston, MA, April 5-9, 1994. 25. Pitt, W.G., McBride, M.O., Sagers, R.D., and Barton, A.J., "Ultrasonic-Enhanced Activity of Gentamicin Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa", Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 17, 350, Boston, MA, April 5-9, 1994. 26. Qian, Z., Sagers, R.D., and Pitt, W.G., "Antibiotic and Ultrasonic Treatment of Bacterial Biofilms", Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 18, 74, San Francisco, CA, March 18-22, 1995. 27. Qian, Z., Sagers, R.D., and Pitt, W.G., "Bacterial Biofilms", Trans. Fifth World Biomaterials Conference, 1, 606, Toronto, Canada, May 29-June 2, 1996. 28. Pitt, W.G., Qian, Z., and Sagers, R.D., "Evaluation of Acoustic Engineering Parameters for Ultrasonic-Enhanced Killing of Bacterial Biofilms on Medical Implants", The Whitaker Foundation Biomedical Engineering Research Conference, Snowbird, UT, Aug. 9-11, 1996. 29. Pitt, W.G., and Qian, Z., "Role of Acoustic Frequency and Intensity in Enhancing Gentamicin Attack on Biofilms", American Society for Microbiology conference on Microbial Biofilms, Snowbird, UT, Sept. 30 - Oct. 4, 1996. 30. Pratt, A.M., Hymas, W.C., and Pitt, W.G., "Ultrasonic Enhanced Killing of Enterobacter and Serratia Species", American Society for Microbiology conference on Microbial Biofilms, Snowbird, UT, Sept. 30 - Oct. 4, 1996. 31. Peterson, R.V., and Pitt, W.G., "The effect of ultrasonic power density and waveform on the synergistic killing of biofilm bacteria using ultrasound and gentamicin", American Society for Microbiology conference on Microbial Biofilms, Snowbird, UT, Sept. 30 - Oct. 4, 1996. 32. Rapoport, N., Timoshin, A., and Pitt, W.G. "EPR Investigations of the Ultrasonic-Enhanced Transport of Spin Probes and Spin-Labeled Antibiotics into Biofilm Bacteria", American Society for Microbiology conference on Microbial Biofilms, Snowbird, UT, Sept. 30 - Oct. 4, 1996. 33. Pitt, W.G. " Ultrasonic-Enhanced Antibiotic Actions on Bacterial Biofilms", an invited seminar given to the faculty and graduate students at the Chemical Engineering Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, December 3, 1996. 34. Hymas W.C., Pratt, A.M., and Pitt, W.G., “Ultrasonic Enhanced Killing of S. marcescens, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa with Gentamicin and Tobramycin”, Intermountain Branch of American Society for Microbiology Meeting, Dugway, UT, April 26, 1997. 35. Pratt, A.M., Hymas W.C., and Pitt, W.G., “Ultrasonic Enhancement of Antibiotic Action on Several Species of Bacteria”, Intermountain Branch of American Society for Microbiology Meeting, Dugway, UT, April 26, 1997. 36. Pitt, W.G., Qian, Z. Peterson, R.V., and Pratt, A. "Mechanisms of Acoustic Enhanced Antibiotic Treatment of Implant Infections", Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 20, 444, New Orleans, LA, April 30-May 4, 1997. 37. Rapoport, N., Pitina, L., Munshi, N., and Pitt, W.G., “Acoustically Activated Localized Drug Delivery,” presented at 8th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Systems, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1997. 38. Rapoport, N., Pitina, L., Munshi, N., and Pitt, W.G., “Pluronic Micelles as Vehicles for TumorSpecific Delivery of Two Anti-Cancer Drugs to HL-60 Cells Using Acoustic Activation,” Polymer Preprints, vol. 38, pp. 620-621, 1997. 39. Peterson, R.V., and Pitt, W.G., "The Effect of Ultrasonic Power Density and Wave Form on the Synergistic Killing of Biofilm-Sequestered E. Coli Using Ultrasound and Antibiotic", Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 20, 195, New Orleans, LA, April 30-May 4, 1997. 40. Pitt, W.G., “Ultrasonic Enhanced Drug Delivery in Orthopedic Implant Materials”, an invited seminar given to the faculty and graduate students at the Department of Metallurgy and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, May 7, 1997. 41. Pitt, W.G., Qian, Z., and Sagers, R.D., "Evaluation of Acoustic Engineering Parameters for Ultrasonic-Enhanced Killing of Bacterial Biofilms on Medical Implants", The Whitaker Foundation Biomedical Engineering Research Conference, Snowbird, UT, July 11-13, 1997. 42. Johnson, L.L., and Pitt, W.G., "Time Dependence of Bioacoustically Enhanced Killing in Escherichia coli Biofilms", Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 21, 281, San Diego, CA, April 22-26, 1998. 43. Pitt, W.G., "Ultrasonic-Enhanced Antibiotic Action on Bacterial Biofilms", an invited seminar given in the Chemical Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, July 13, 1998. 44. Rapoport, N., Munshi, N., and Pitt, W.G., “Acoustically Ativated Drug Delivery from Pluronic Micelles”, Third International Symposium on Polymer Therapeutics, University of London, London, 1999. 45. Mason, M., Vercruysse, K.P., Kirker, K.R., Frisch, R., Marecak, D.M., Prestwich, G.D., and Pitt, W.G., "Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Polypropylene, Polystyrene, and Poly(TFE) for Cell Attachment and Growth” , Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 22, 527, Providence, RI, April 28-May 2, 1999. 46. Husseini, G.A., Christensen, D.A., Pitt, W.G., and Rapoport, N.Y., “Acoustically Activated Delivery of Doxorubicin to HL-60 Cells from Pluronic (P-105) Micelles: A Real Time Measurement”, Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 22, 527, Providence, RI, April 28-May 2, 1999. 47. Rediske, A.M., Nelson, J.L., Robison, R.K., Brown, M.K., Robison, R.A., Roeder, B.L., and Pitt, W.G., "Ultrasonic Enhancement of Antibiotic Action on Escherichia coli Biofilms: An In Vivo Model", ASM General Meeting, Chicago, IL, May 31-June 3, 1999. 48. Husseini, G.A., Pitt, W.G., El-Fayoumi, R.I., O'Neill, K.L., and Rapoport, N.Y., "Acoustically Activated Delivery of Doxorubicin to HL-60 Cells from Pluronic (P-105) Micelles: A Single Cell Electrophoresis Assay (Comet Assay) Study”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX, October 31-November 5, 1999. 49. Robison, R.A., Pitt, W.G., Rediske, A.P., and Roeder, B.L., “Ultrasonically enhanced Antibiotic Delivery in Vivo”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX, October 31-November 5, 1999. 50. Pitt, W.G. “The Use of Low Frequency Ultrasound in Drug Delivery”, an invited seminar given in the Chemical Engineering Department, University of Nevada-Reno, March 3, 2000. 51. Pitt, W.G., Husseini, G., Rapoport, N.Y., Christensen, D.A., and Al-Fayomi, R., “UltrasonicActivated Pluronic Micelles for Controlled Drug Delivery”, Sixth World Biomaterials Congress, 1, 198, Kamuela, HI, May 15-20, 2000. 52. Pruitt, J.D., Pitt, W.G., and Rapoport, N.Y. “Stabilization of Pluronic P-105 Micelles with an Interpenetrating Network of N,N-Diethylacrylamide”, Sixth World Biomaterials Congress, 1, 202, Kamuela, HI, May 15-20, 2000. 53. Pitt, W.G., “The Use of Low Frequency Ultrasound in Drug Delivery”, an invited seminar given in the Biomedical Engineering Department, Groeningen University, Netherlands, June 29, 2000. 54. Pitt, W.G. “Control of Biofilms Using Ultrasound”, a plenary lecture given at “Biofilms 2000”, an international conference sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology, Big Sky, MT, July 16-22, 2000. 55. Pitt, W.G., and Nelson, J.L., “Extending Bioacoustic Therapy”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, November 12-17, 2000. 56. Husseini, G.A., Pitt, W.G., Christensen, D.A., and Rapoport, N.Y., “Acoustically Activated Doxorubicin Release from Pluronic P105 Micelles”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, November 12-17, 2000. 57. Pitt, W.G., “The Use of Low Frequency Ultrasound in Drug Delivery”, an invited seminar given in the Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, November, 2000. 58. Carmen, J.C., Runyan, C.M., Beckstead, B.L., Nelson, J.L., Robison, R.A., and Pitt, W.G., “Ultrasonic Enhancement of Gentamicin”, Intermountain Branch of American Society for Microbiology Meeting, Pocatello, ID, April 28, 2001. 59. Runyan, C.M., Carmen, J.C., Beckstead, B.L., Nelson, J.L., Robison, R.A., and Pitt, W.G., “The effect of ultrasound on the outer membrane permeability of E. coli and P. aeruginosa”, Intermountain Branch of American Society for Microbiology Meeting, Pocatello, ID, April 28, 2001. 60. Pitt, W.G., Mason, M., Morris, R.N., Hall, M.W., Lou, Y., and Prestwich, G.D., “Bio-Active and Bio-Inactive Coatings of Hyaluronic Acid on Metal”, Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 24, 321, St. Paul, MN, April 24-29, 2001. 61. Husseini, G., Pitt, W.G., Pruitt, J., Christensen, D.A., and Rapoport, N., “Ultrasonically Controlled Release of Doxorubicin from Pluronic Micelles”, Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 24, 370, St. Paul, MN, April 24-29, 2001. 62. Pitt, W.G., “The Use of Low Frequency Ultrasound in Drug Delivery”, an invited seminar given in the Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Arizona State University, May 4 , 2001. 63. Pitt, W.G., Roeder, B., Rediski, A., Nelson, J., and Carmen, J., “Low Frequency Ultrasound for Biofilm Control”, Bioelectromagnetics Society 23rd Annual Meeting, St. Paul, MN June 10-14, 2001, page 23. 64. Pitt, W.G., “Low Frequency Ultrasound for Biofilm Control, an invited seminar given in the Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, September 13, 2001. 65. Pitt, W.G., “Low Frequency Ultrasound for Biofilm Control, an invited seminar given at Philips Oral Healthcare, Snoqualmie, WA, September 20, 2001. 66. Pruitt, J.D., and Pitt, W.G., “Temporary Stabilization of Pluronic P-105 Micelles for Drug Sequestration”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Reno, NV, November 4-9, 2001. 67. Pitt, W.G., Roeder, B.L., Nelson, J.L, Pruitt, J.D., and Husseini, G.A., “Low Frequency Ultrasound for Drug Delivery”, an invited seminar given in the Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, December 13, 2001. 68. Pitt, W.G., “Low Frequency Ultrasound for Biofilm Control”, an invited seminar given in the Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, January 4, 2002. 69. Pitt, W.G., “Application of Ultrasound to Treat Biofilm Infections on Implants”, Medical Biofilms 2002, Tokyo, Japan, March 17-19, 2002. 70. Pitt, W.G., Rapoport, N., Roeder, B.L., Nelson, J.L, Pruitt, J.D., Christensen, D.A., Husseini, G.A., and Nelson, L.O., “Stabilized Micelles for Use in Ultrasonically Activated Chemotherapy”, Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 25, Tampa, FL, April 25-28, 2002. 71. Carmen, J., Beckstead, B., Runyan, C., Nelson, J., Robison, R., and Pitt, W., “Ultrasonic enhanced Gentamicin Transport through Colony Biofilms of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, Am. Soc. Microbiology General Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, May 19-23, 2002. 72. Pitt, W.G., “Ultrasound Interactions with Biofilms”, an invited seminar given at the summer technical conference of the Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, July 23, 2002. 73. Pitt, W.G. and Ross, S.A., “Ultrasound Enhances Cell Growth”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, November 3-8, 2002 paper 313h. 74. Pitt, W.G., Husseini, G.H., Rapoport, N., and Christensen, D.A., “Ultrasonically Activated Drug Delivery Vehicles”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, November 3-8, 2002 paper 295g. 75. Pitt, W.G., “Stabilized Micelles for Use in Ultrasonically Activated Chemotherapy”, an invited lecture given to the BYU Biomedical Engineering Club, December 3, 2002. 76. Pitt, W.G., “Stabilized Micelles for use in Ultrasonic Drug Delivery”, an invited lecture given in the Chemistry Department of Brigham Young University, April 14, 2003. 77. Pitt, W.G., Carmen, J.C., Roeder, B.L., Nelson, J.L, Beckstead, B.L., Runyan, C.M., “Ultrasound Enhances Vancomycin Activity Against S. epidermidis Biofilm Infections In Vivo ”, Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 26, 584, Reno, NV, April 30-May 3, 2003. 78. Pitt, W.G., Roeder, B.L., Nelson, J.L. and Carmen, J.C., “Low Frequency Ultrasound in Biomedical Applications”, Bioelectromagnetics Society 26th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, June 20-24, 2004, page 10. 79. Zeng, Y., and Pitt, W.G., “Nanoparticle Drug Carriers Made from Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(Nisopropylacrylamide)”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Austin, TX, November 7-12, 2004, paper 451a. 80. Lei, H., Pitt, W.G., Ho, C., and McGrath, L.K., “Modeling Chemiresistor Sensors”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Austin, TX, November 7-12, 2004 paper 41f. 81. Pitt, W.G., Roeder, B.L., Nelson, J.L. and Carmen, J.C., “Low Frequency Ultrasound for Biomedical Applications”, an invited lecture given to scientists at Kimberly Clark Corporation, Appleton, WI, December 10, 2004. 82. Stringham, S.B., Murray, B.K., O’Neill, K.L., Ohmine, S., Gaufin, T.A., and Pitt, W.G., “Mechanism of Targeted Chemotherapeutic Delivery Using Ultrasound”, American Association for Cancer Research, 96th Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, April 16-20, 2005, paper #1415. http://hdl.lib.byu.edu/1877/2132 83. Zeng, Y., and Pitt, W.G., “A Polymer Micelle System With Hydrolysable Segment As A drug Delivery Vehicle”, Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 30, 284, Memphis, Tennessee, April 27-30, 2005. 84. Husseini, G.H., Diaz, M.A., Christensen, D.A., and Pitt, W.G., “The Role of Cavitation in Ultrasonic Release of Doxorubicin from Pluronic (P105) Micelles”, Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 30, 584, Memphis, Tennessee, April 27-30, 2005. http://hdl.lib.byu.edu/1877/2123 85. Husseini, G.H., Diaz, M.A., Gabuji, T., Christensen, D.A., and Pitt, W.G., “Acoustically Activated Release of Doxorubicin from Unstabilized and Stabilized Micelles”, Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release Society, 32, 156, Miami Beach, FL, June 19-22, 2005. 86. Pitt, W.G., “Ultrasonic Control of Biofilms”, invited speaker at Bugs and Biomaterials: Bacteria and the Biointerface, UWEB 2005 Summer Symposium, Seattle, WA, August 24-26, 2005. 87. Diaz de la Rosa, M.A., Husseini, G.A., Christensen, D.A., and Pitt, W.G., “Ultrasonic Drug Release from Micelles and Cavitation”, In The 1st Annual Mountain West Biomedical Engineering Conference, Snowbird, UT. September 16-17, 2005. 88. Pitt, W.G., “Biomedical Applications of Ultrasound”, invited lecture to the BYU chapter of the Biomedical Engineering Society, September 27, 2005 89. Lei, H., and Pitt, W.G., “New Sensor Selection Methods for Chemiresistor Arrays”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Cincinnatti, OH, October 30-November 4, 2005, paper 560g. 90. Husseini, G.A., Diaz de la Rosa, M.A., Richardson, E.S., Christensen, D.A., and Pitt, W.G., “Ultrasonic Drug Release from Micelles Correlates with Subharmonic Emission”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Cincinnatti, OH, October 30-November 4, 2005, paper 151d. 91. Pitt, W.G., “Low Frequency Ultrasound in Biomedical Applications”, invited lecture to the BYU chapter of the Acoustical Society of America, November 17, 2005. 92. Husseini, G.A. , E. AlAqqad, S. Al Mamary, Y. Kadimati, A. Al Baik, M. Diaz de la Rosa, W. G. Pitt, Kinetics of Acoustic Release of Doxorubicin from Stabilized and Unstabilized Micelles and the Effect of Temperature. In The Third International Symposium on Mechatronics at the American University of Sharjah (ISM06-AUS). 2006. Sharjah, UAE. 93. Staples, B.J., Roeder, B.L., and Pitt, W.G., “Doxorubicin delivery to rat tissues using polymeric micelles and ultrasound”, Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 31, 476, Pittsburg, PA, April 26-29, 2006. http://hdl.lib.byu.edu/1877/2124 94. Pitt, W.G. and Zeng, Y., “Polymerization Kinetics of PEO-pNIPAAm Block Copolymers”, Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 31, 283, Pittsburg, PA, April 26-29, 2006. http://hdl.lib.byu.edu/1877/2125 95. Husseini, G.H., Abdel-Jabbar, N.M., Farouq S. Mjalli, F.S., Pitt, W.G., “Using Artificial Neural Networks To Model Acoustic Release of Doxorubicin from Unstabilized Pluronic P105, Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release Society, 33, 156, Vienna, Austria, July 22-26, 2006. 96. Staples, B.J., Roeder, B.L., and Pitt, W.G., “Comparison of tumor growth and of drug concentration in rat tumors using polymeric micelles in ultrasonic drug delivery”, The 2nd Annual Mountain West Biomedical Engineering Conference, Snowbird, UT. September 16-17, 2006. 97. Pitt, W.G. “Ultrasound and Drug Delivery”, an invited lecture given in the College of Health and Human Performance, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, September 26, 2006. 98. Pitt, W.G. “Ultrasonically Activated Drug Delivery”, an invited lecture given to the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, PA, December 8, 2006. 99. Richardson, E.C., Pitt, W.G., and Woodbury, D.D., “The Role of Ultrasound Cavitation in Liposome Size Reduction”, Biophysical Society Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, March 3-7, 2007. 100. Husseini, G.H., Pitt, W.G., " Using Artificial Neural Networks to Model Acoustic Release of Doxorubicin from Unstabilized Pluronic P105”, IASTED International Conference on Modern Nonlinear Theory - Bifurcation and Chaos, Montreal, Quebec, May 30 – June 1, 2007. 101. Lewis, D.S. and Pitt, W.G., “Antibody-Directed and Ultrasonically-Activated Drug Carrier”, Trans. Soc. for Biomaterials, 32, 553, Chicago, IL, April 18-21, 2007. 102. Diaz de la Rosa, M.A. and Pitt, W.G., “Bubble Dynamics of Ultrasonic Drug Release from Polymeric Micelles”, Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release Society, 34, 801, Long Beach, CA, July 7-11, 2007. http://hdl.lib.byu.edu/1877/2127 103. Staples, B.J., Pitt, W.G., Schaalje, J.B. and Roeder, B.L., “Ultrasonically-Assisted Drug Delivery in Rats Reduces Tumor Growth”, Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release Society, 34, 839, Long Beach, CA, July 7-11, 2007. http://hdl.lib.byu.edu/1877/212 104. Pitt, W.G., Singh, R., Husseini, G.A., Daniels, B., McDougal, T. “Phase Transitions of Nanoemulsions Induced by Ultrasound”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, November 4-9, 2007, paper 255e. 105. Pitt, W.G., “Is There a Window of Opportunity for Ultrasound in Treating Implant Infections?” Symposium on Implant Infections Versus Healing, University Medical Center Groningen, Thesinge, The Netherlands, May 26-27, 2008. 106. Pitt, W.G., Husseini, G.A., Roeder, B.L, Odgerel, B., and Jones, P., “Nano-Polymeric Carrier Influences Ultrasonic Drug Delivery to Tumors”, 8th World Biomaterials Congress, 352, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, May 28 – June 1, 2008. http://hdl.lib.byu.edu/1877/2129 107. Husseini, G.A., Pitt, W.G., and Christensen, D.A., “Degradation Kinetics of Stabilized Plurogel Micelles Under the Action of Ultrasound”, 8th World Biomaterials Congress, 2377, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, May 28 – June 1, 2008. 108. Pitt, W.G., Memmott, B.V., and Husseini, G.A. “Model of Transfection Efficiency Using Ultrasonic-Enhanced Gene Transfection”, Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release Society, 35, 691, New York, NY, July 13-16, 2008. 109. Pitt, W.G., Singh, R., and Husseini, G.A. “Modeling Phase Transitions of Nanoemulsions for Ultrasonic Gene Delivery”, Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release Society, 35, 692, New York, NY, July 13-16, 2008. http://hdl.lib.byu.edu/1877/2130 110. Pitt, W.G., “Ultrasonically Activated Chemotherapy”, an invited seminar given in the Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, September 4, 2008. 111. Pitt, W.G., “Ultrasonically Enhanced Chemotherapy”, an invited seminar given in the Molecular Biology Series, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, October 9, 2008. 112. Hussaini, G.A., Abdeljabbar, N., Mjalli, F.S., Pitt, W.G., and Al Mousa, A., “Optimizing the use of ultrasound to deliver chemotherapeutic agents to cancer cells from polymeric micelles”, Third International Conference on Modeling, Simulation, and Applied Optimization, Jan 20-22, 2009, Sharjah, UAE. 113. Pitt, W.G., “Ultrasonically Activated Drug Delivery”, an invited seminar given in the Chemical Engineering Department, Columbia University, New York, February 24, 2009. 114. Abdel-Jabbar, N.M., G.A. Husseini, F.S. Mjalli, A. Al-Mousa, W.G. Pitt. “Optimizing the use of ultrasound to deliver chemotherapeutic agents to cancer cells from polymeric micelles. Acoustic Release of Doxorubicin from Stabilized and Unstabilized Micelles and the Effect of Temperature”. In The Fifth International Symposium on Mechatronics at the American University of Sharjah. 2009. Sharjah, UAE. 115. Pitt, W.G., Husseini, G.A., Roeder, B.L, and Jones, P., “Ultrasonic Drug Delivery to Tumors Via Stealth Liposomes”, Society for Biomaterials, April 22-25, 2009, San Antonio, TX. http://hdl.lib.byu.edu/1877/2131 116. Husseini G.A., F.S. Mjalli, W.G. Pitt, and N. M. Abdel-Jabbar. “Using Artificial Neural Networks and Model Predictive Control to Optimize Acoustically Assisted Doxorubicin Release from Polymeric Micelles”. In IASTED International Conference on Modeling and Simulation. 2009. Banff, Canada. 117. Husseini G.A., W.G. Pitt, D.A. Christensen. Degradation Kinetics of Stabilized Pluronic Micelles Under the Action of Ultrasound. In the 22nd European Conference on Biomaterials, 2009. Lausanne, Switzerland. 118. Pitt, W.G., Husseini, G.A., Roeder, B.L., Dickinson, D., Warden, D., Hartley, J., and Jones, P.R., “Ultrasonic and Liposomal Drug Delivery to Tumors”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Nashville, TN, November 7-12, 2009, paper 512b. 119. Pitt, W.G., “Ultrasound for Drug Delivery”, an invited seminar given in the Physics Department, Brigham Young University, September 9, 2009. 120. Williams, D.W., Jepsen, P., Ellington, C., Christiansen, J., Dibb, R., Marler, D., BoakyeYiadom, K., Pitt, W.G., Colton, M., Bowden, A., and Solen, K.A., “An Inexpensive Prosthetic Leg Design for Developing Countries”. In Utah Conference on Undergraduate Research, Cedar City, Utah, February 26, 2010. 121. Lattin, J., Husseini, G.A., Pitt, W.G., Hartley, J., Atkinson, T., “Release of Calcein from Liposomes using Low-Frequency Ultrasound”, Society for Biomaterials, April 21-24, 2010, Seattle, WA. Paper #482. 122. Lewis, R.S., Knotts, T.A., Wilding, W.V., Pitt, W.G., Argyle, M., “Results and Analysis of a Required Senior Exam to Assess Learning of Course Competencies”, ASEE Annual Conference, June 20-23, 2010, Louisville, KY, paper AC 2010-1889. 123. Husseini, G.A., Pitt, W.G., Lattin, J., and Javadi, M., “The use of Vesosomes and Ultrasound in Drug Delivery”, Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release Society, 37, 517, Portland, OR, July 10-14, 2010. 124. Jeffery R. Barrow, Tiffany M. Dahl, Aaron P. Smith, Kate E. Kmetzsch, Jared J. Barrott, Jed J. Kendall, Marjan Javadi, William G. Pitt and Keri L. Low, “The Limb Mesenchyme Recruitment Model for Patterning the Vertebrate Limb”; Society for Developmental Biology 69th Annual Meeting, Abst #94, August 5-9, 2010, Albuquerque, NM. 125. Yibei Zhao, William G. Pitt, Daniel R. Jack, Jared Nelson and John D. Pruitt, “Controlled Release of a Phospholipid From Contact Lenses”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, November 6-12, 2010, paper 571k. 126. James R. Lattin, Taylor Atkinson, Ghaleb A. Husseini, and William G. Pitt, “Ultrasound Induced Destruction of Liposomes Using Vaporizing Emulsion Droplets”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, November 6-12, 2010, paper 420f. 127. Marjan Javadi, William G. Pitt, Jonathan Hartley and James R. Lattin, “Encapsulating Emulsions Inside Liposomes for Drug Delivery”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, November 6-12, 2010, paper 414b. 128. Pitt, W.G., Zhao, Y., Jack, D., Nelson, J.L, and Pruitt, J.D., “Phospholipid Delivery from a Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens”, Society for Biomaterials, April 13-16, 2011, Orlando, Florida. Oral Paper #91. 129. Pitt, W.G., Zhao, Y., Jack, D., Nelson, J.L, Pruitt, J.D., “In vitro release of a phospholipid from a silicone hydrogel contact lens”, British Contact Lens Association Clinical Conference and Exhibition, May 26-29, 2011, Manchester, England. Oral Presentation and Panel Discussion. 130. Javadi, M., Pitt, W.G., and Lattin, J.R., “Releasing Drugs from eLiposomes”, Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release Society, 38, 325, National Harbor, Maryland, July 31-August 3, 2011. 131. Pitt, W.G., Lattin, J., Javadi, M., Hartley, J., Pandey, T., Tracy, C., and, Willardson, B., “siRNA Delivery with eLiposomes”, Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release Society, 38, 587, National Harbor, Maryland, July 31-August 3, 2011. 132. Pitt, W.G, Zhao, Y., Perez, K.X., Nelson, J.L., Pruitt, J.D., “Delivery of a Phospholipid Agent from a Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN October 1620, 2011, paper 448d. 133. Pitt, W.G. “Challenges and Advances in Ultrasonic Drug Delivery for Biologics”, Annual Meeting of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists”, 25, 48, Washington DC, October 23-27, 2011. 134. Pitt, W.G., Zhao, Y., Jack, D., Nelson, J.L, Pruitt, J.D., “In vitro release of a phospholipid from a silicone hydrogel contact lens”, Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 2011, Vol 34, Suppl. 1, page S15. 135. Hansen, D., Hadley, J., Read, A., Manwill E., Pitt, W.G. and Wheeler, D.R., “A Comparison between dialkyl and monoalkyl viologens for use in direct-carbohydrate fuel cells”, ECS Transactions, 41, 1737-1741, presented at the Electrochemical Society Annual Meeting, Boston, MA Oct 9-14, 2011. 136. Pitt, W.G., “Targeted Drug Delivery Using Ultrasound”, invited seminar to faculty and graduate students, Department of Chemical and Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, March 8, 2012. 137. Pitt, W.G., “Engendering student enthusiasm in student-initiated projects”, invited seminar, Department of Mathematics Faculty, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, April 4, 2012. 138. Pitt, W.G., “Drug Delivery Strategies in Chemotherapy”, invited seminar, Cancer Research Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, May 10, 2012. 139. Pitt, W.G., Zhao, Y., Jones, P.W., Nelson, J.L., Pruitt, J.D., “Autoclaving SiHy Lenses Loaded with Phospholipid”, British Contact Lens Association Clinical Conference and Exhibition, May 24-27, 2012, Birmingham, England. Poster #26. Published in Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 2012, Vol 35, Suppl. 1, page e5. Abstract. DOI:10.1016/j.clae.2012.08.029 140. Ghaleb A. Husseini, Diana Velluto, Laura Kherbeck, William G. Pitt, Douglas A. Christensen and Jeffrey A. Hubbell, “Investigating the Acoustic Release of Doxorubicin from Targeted Micelles”, World Biomaterials Congress, Chengdu, China, June 1-5, 2012, paper #3614. 141. Pitt, W.G. and Lattin, J.R., “Ultrasound-Induced Release from eLiposomes at 20 kHz” Annual Meeting & Exposition of the Controlled Release Society, 39, Quebec City, Canada, July 15-18, 2012. (podium presentation) 142. Pitt, W.G., Zhao, Y., Perez, K.X., Jack, D.R., Lee, J., Nelson, J.L., Pruitt, J.D., “Extended Release of DMPC from Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses” Annual Meeting & Exposition of the Controlled Release Society, 39, Quebec City, Canada, July 15-18, 2012. (podium presentation) 143. Javadi, M., and Pitt, W.G., “Novel Liposomes for Drug and DNA Delivery”, 1st International Symposium on Nanomedicine in Drug Delivery and Cancer Diagnosis, August 16-17, 2012 Newark, Delaware. (podium presentation) 144. Javadi, M., and Pitt, W.G., “Role of Folate in Delivery of eLiposomes”, Utah Biomedical Engineering Conference, September 8, 2012, Salt Lake City, UT. (podium presentation) 145. Y. Pan, J. Stockton, D. Hansen, W. Pitt, and D. Wheeler*, "Immobilized Viologen Polymers for Carbohydrate Fuel Cell", 222th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, October 7-12, 2012, Honolulu, Hawaii, paper 1591 (podium presentation). 146. Liu, X.M.*, Pitt, W.G., Chinn, J., Perez, K.X., Tam, P., “Sorption Of Radiolabeled Lipids On Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses”, American Academy of Optometry Annual Meeting, October 24-27, 2012, Phoenix, AZ, poster 76. 147. Javadi, M., Pitt*, W.G., Ultrasonic Delivery of Drugs Using Novel Drug Carriers, AAPS Annual Meeting and Exposition, October 14-18, 2012 Chicago, IL. Poster #2247. 148. Javadi, M., Pitt, W.G.*, Belnap, D.M., “eLiposomes: Novel Drug Delivery Vehicles”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, Oct 28-Nov 2, 2012, paper 232f (podium presentation). 149. Pitt, W.G.*, Lattin, J.R, Belnap, D.M., Husseini, G.A., “Ultrasound Induced Calcein Release from eLiposomes”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, Oct 28-Nov 2, 2012, paper 732b (podium presentation). 150. Gulistan, A.S., Hussaini, G.A.*, and Pitt, W.G., “Examining the Kinetics Involved in the Escape of the Encapsulated Doxorubicin from Targeted Micelles Under the action of Ultrasound”, The International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Applied Optimization (ICMSAO’13) April 28-30, 2013, Hammamet, TUNISIA. 151. Pitt*, W.G., “Ultrasonically Activated Drug Delivery for Chemotherapy”, invited seminar to faculty and graduate students, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV, March 8, 2013. 152. Pitt*, W.G., “Cool Concepts in Drug Delivery”, invited seminar to undergraduate students, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV, March 8, 2013. 153. Pitt*, W.G., “Ultrasonically Activated Drug Delivery for Chemotherapy”, invited seminar to faculty and graduate students, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 17, 2013. 154. Pitt*, W.G., Tam, N.K., Chinn, J.A., and Liu, X.M., “Lipid Sorption on Contact Lenses”, Biointerfaces 2013, Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 7-9, 2013, invited oral presentation. 155. Javadi*, M., and Pitt, W.G., “Effect of folate on release of paclitaxel from eLiposomes”, NanoUtah 2013, Salt Lake City, Utah, October 16, 2013, oral presentation T14. 156. Javadi, M., and Pitt*, W.G., “Effect of folate on release of paclitaxel from eLiposomes”, AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 3-8, 2013, paper 335298 (oral presentation). 157. X. Michael Liu*, Joseph A. Chinn, E. Peter Maziarz, Susan E. Norton, Ngai K. Tam, and William G. Pitt, “Quantitative Assessment of Lipid Sorption and Prevention on Contact Lenses Using a Dual-Radiolabel Technique”, American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, New Orleans, November 16-19, 2013, poster presentation. 158. Pan*, Z., Wu, N., Thomson, S., Pitt, W.G. & Truscott, T.T., “Moss hair water transport.” 66th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Fluid Dynamics, Pittsburg, PA. November 24-26, 2013. Oral podium presentation. 159. Javadi*, M., and Pitt, W.G., “Novel Liposomes for Targeted Delivery of Drugs and Plasmids”, AAPS Annual Meeting and Exposition, San Antonia, TX, November 9-10, 2013, Iranian Pharmaceutical Association, Outstanding PhD Student Award, (oral podium presentation). 160. Pitt*, W.G., Lin, C.-Y., Handly, E., Javadi, M., “Ultrasonic Delivery of Doxorubicin to the Cell Cytosol”, poster presentation, Abstract #869, at the Society for Biomaterials Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, April 16-19, 2014. 161. Pitt*, W.G., “Drug Delivery Strategies in Chemotherapy”, invited seminar, Cancer Research Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, June 17, 2014. 162. Pitt*, W.G., Zhao, Y., Perez, K.X., Jack, D.R., Nelson, J.L., and Pruitt, J.D., “Extended Release of DMPC from Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses”, poster presentation at the Controlled Release Society annual meeting, Chicago, IL, July 13-16, 2014. 163. Husseini*, G.A, Pitt, W.G. and Javadi, M., "Stability of e-Liposomes at Higher Temperatures", 5th International Conference on Nanotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications, Prague, August 11-13, 2014. (oral podium presentation) (the * indicates the presenting author) Major Research Grants (Dr. Pitt is the PI unless indicated otherwise) Summary of Funding with Dr. Pitt as PI: $2,662,450. Summary of Funding with Dr. Pitt as co-PI: $1,275,033. Lipid Adsorption on Contact Lenses”, W.G. Pitt, Bausch & Lomb, new, external, $50,000, September 1, 2011 to July 31, 2012. Transport in Contact Lenses, W.G. Pitt, CIBA VISION, continuing, external, $15,607, Oct 1, 2010 to March 31, 2011. Viologen-based Oxidation of Carbohydrate Fuels for a New Type of Low-Temperature Fuel Cell, D.R. Wheeler (PI), W.G. Pitt (co-PI), NSF, new, external, $450,000, Aug 15, 2010 to July 31, 2013. NSF # 1034547. Transport in Contact Lenses, W.G. Pitt, CIBA VISION, continuing, external, $15,607, January 1, 2010 to Dec 31, 2010. Transport in Contact Lenses, W.G. Pitt, CIBA VISION, new, external, $44,093, April 30, 2009 to Dec 31, 2009. Controlled Drug Delivery to Colon Tumors via Ultrasound, W.G. Pitt, NIH, no cost extension, continuing, external, April 1, 2007, April 1, 2007 to March 31, 2008, R01 CA98138 Controlled Drug Delivery to Colon Tumors via Ultrasound, W.G. Pitt, NIH, $229,000, continuing, external, April 1, 2006, April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2007, R01 CA98138 Controlled Drug Delivery to Colon Tumors via Ultrasound, W.G. Pitt, NIH, $236,250, continuing, external, April 1, 2005, April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2006, R01 CA98138. Investigation of bacterial interactions with needleless access devices, W.G. Pitt, Becton Dickinson Infusion Therapy Systems, $29,723, new, external, April 6, 2005 to October 6, 2005. Controlled Drug Delivery to Colon Tumors via Ultrasound, W.G. Pitt, NIH, $246,000, new, external, April 1, 2004, April 1, 2004 to March 31, 2005, R01 CA98138 Investigation of the Origin of Foreign Particulate and Flaws in Hollow Fibers, W.G. Pitt, Fresenius Medical Care, N.A., $8,393, new, external, August 5, 2004 to December 31, 2004. Biofilm Removal by Gas Bubbles, W.G. Pitt, Philips Oral Healthcare, $22,152, continuing, external, January 1, 2004 to May 31, 2004. Swelling and Conductivity of Carbon-Loaded Polymer for Sensors, W.G. Pitt, Sandia National Labs, $19,776, new, external, November 1, 2002 to October 31, 2003. Influence of Gas Bubbles upon Removal of S. mutans, W.G. Pitt, Philips Oral Healthcare, $22,152, continuing, external, January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2003. Acoustically Activated Micellar Drug Delivery, W.G. Pitt, Subcontract from the University of Utah on a grant from the NIH, $34,866, continuing, external, June 1, 2002 to May 31, 2003. R01 CA76562 Influence of Gas Bubbles upon Removal of S. mutans, W.G. Pitt, Philips Oral Healthcare, $78,588, new, January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2002. Bacterial Adhesion to Fluorocarbon Coatings, W.G. Pitt, Fisher Moore, $36,428, new, external, February 1, 2002 to December 31, 2002. Acoustically Activated Micellar Drug Delivery, W.G. Pitt, Subcontract from the University of Utah on a grant from the NIH, $56,036, continuing, external, June 1, 2001 to May 31, 2002. R01 CA76562 Ultrasound/Antibiotic Therapy: In vivo Test & Mechanisms, W.G. Pitt, NIH, $66,449, continuing, external, May 1, 2000 to April 30, 2001, R01 HL59923 Thermally Responsive Polymer Surfaces, W.G. Pitt, CIBA, $18,500, continuing, external, May 1, 2000 to April 30, 2001. Acoustic Interactions with Biofilms, W.G. Pitt, Philips Oral Healthcare, $29,008, new, September 1, 2001 to December 31, 2001. Lubricious surface on electrosurgical blades, W.G. Pitt, MegaDyne Medical Products, $36,920, continuing, external, March 1, 2000 to February 28, 2001. Acoustically Activated Micellar Drug Delivery, W.G. Pitt, Subcontract from the University of Utah on a grant from the NIH, $56,036, continuing, external, June 1, 2000 to May 31, 2001. R01 CA76562 Ultrasound/Antibiotic Therapy: In vivo Test & Mechanisms, W.G. Pitt, NIH, $119,652, continuing, external, May 1, 1999 to April 30, 2000, R01 HL59923. Growth of cells on bioactive peptides on hyaluronic acid, W.G. Pitt, Center for Biopolymers at Interfaces, $19,000, new, external, July 1, 1999 to June 30, 2000. Thermally Responsive Polymer Surfaces, W.G. Pitt, CIBA, $18,500, continuing, external, May 1, 1999 to April 30, 2000. Lubricious surface on electrosurgical blades, W.G. Pitt, MegaDyne Medical Products, $36,960, new, external, March 1, 1999 to February 28, 2000. Acoustically Activated Micellar Drug Delivery, W.G. Pitt, Subcontract from the University of Utah on a grant from the NIH, $49,002, new, external, June 1, 1999 to May 31, 2000. R01 CA76562 Ultrasound/Antibiotic Therapy: In vivo Test & Mechanisms, W.G. Pitt, NIH, $119,678, new, external, May 1, 1998 to April 30, 1999, R01 HL59923. Prevention of Bacterial Adhesion using Ultrasound, W.G. Pitt, Center for Biopolymers at Interfaces, $18,000, new, external, July 1, 1998 to June 30, 1999. Thermally Responsive Polymer Surfaces, W.G. Pitt, CIBA, $18,000, new, external, May 1, 1998 to April 30, 1999. Ultrasonic Enhancement of Antibiotic Action on Biofilms, W.G. Pitt, NIH, $151,071, continuing, external, May 1, 1996 to April 30, 1997, R01 HL52216. Ultrasonic Drug Delivery to Biofilms in an Animal Model, W.G. Pitt, Whitaker Foundation, $70,000, new, external, January 1, 1997 to December 31, 1997. Ultrasonic Enhancement of Antibiotic Action on Biofilms, W.G. Pitt, NIH, $151,071, continuing, external, May 1, 1995 to April 30, 1996, R01 HL52216. Evaluation of Acoustic Engineering Parameters for Ultrasonic-Enhanced Killing of Bacterial Biofilms on Medical Implants, W.G. Pitt, Whitaker Foundation, $60,000, continuing, external, January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1996. Ultrasonic Enhancement of Antibiotic Action on Biofilms, W.G. Pitt, NIH, $151,071, continuing, external, May 1, 1994 to April 30, 1995, R01 HL52216. Evaluation of Acoustic Engineering Parameters for Ultrasonic-Enhanced Killing of Bacterial Biofilms on Medical Implants, W.G. Pitt, Whitaker Foundation, $60,000, continuing, external, January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1995. Advanced Composite Manufacturing and Engineering Center of Excellence, B.S. Strong PI, and W.G. Pitt co-PI, State of Utah, $150,000, continuing, external, May 1, 1994 to April 30, 1995. A Device for Measuring the natural Frequencies of Torsional Vibration of Composite Golf Club Shafts, C.E. Rotz PI, and W.G. Pitt co-PI, Callaway Golf Inc, $25,033, new, external, July 1, 1994 to June 30, 1995. Visiting Professorship for Women: EPR Investigation of the Effect of Ultrasonic Irradiation on Bacterial Biofilms, W.G. Pitt, NSF, $155,400, new, external, March 1, 1994 to February 28, 1995. Evaluation of Acoustic Engineering Parameters for Ultrasonic-Enhanced Killing of Bacterial Biofilms on Medical Implants, W.G. Pitt, Whitaker Foundation, $60,000, new, external, January 1, 1994 to December 31, 1994. Advanced Composite Manufacturing and Engineering Center of Excellence, B.S. Strong PI, and W.G. Pitt co-PI, State of Utah, $150,000, continuing, external, May 1, 1993 to April 30, 1994. Development and Testing of Golf Club Shafts, B.S. Strong PI, and W.G. Pitt co-PI, Callaway Golf Inc, $50,000, continuing, external, July 1, 1993 to June 30, 1994. Advanced Composite Manufacturing and Engineering Center of Excellence, B.S. Strong PI, and W.G. Pitt co-PI, State of Utah, $150,000, continuing, external, May 1, 1992 to April 30, 1993. Development and Testing of Golf Club Shafts, B.S. Strong PI, and W.G. Pitt co-PI, Callaway Golf Inc, $50,000, continuing, external, July 1, 1992 to June 30, 1993. Golf Club Shaft Development, B.S. Strong PI, and W.G. Pitt co-PI, Aldila, $100,000, new, external, September 1, 1992 to August 31, 1993. Molecular Dynamics Investigations of Protein-Surface-Water Interactions, W.G. Pitt, Center for Biopolymers at Interfaces, $15,000, new, external, July 1, 1991 to June 30, 1992. Plasma Treatment for Enhanced Toughness of Polyimide Interleaf Composites, W.G. Pitt, Naval Air Development center, $38,461, new, external, May 1, 1991 to April 30, 1992. Advanced Composite Manufacturing and Engineering Center of Excellence, B.S. Strong PI, and W.G. Pitt co-PI, State of Utah, $150,000, continuing, external, May 1, 1991 to April 30, 1992. Patents 1. W. G. Pitt, and J. E. Lakenan, "Enhanced Thermoplastic Adhesion to Fibers by Using Plasma Discharge", a Patent issued in the United States, April 28, 1992, Number 5,108,780. 2. K. D. Caldwell, T.-J. Chu, and W. G. Pitt, "DNA Sequencing Using Low Fluorescence Background Electroblotting Membrane", Patent issued in the United States May 12, 1992, Number 5,112,736. Patents issued in Japan and Norway. Technology licensed to Beckmann Instruments, Eastman Kodak, and Ciba. Product was manufactured and marketed by Beckmann Instruments. 3. N. J. Lee and W. G. Pitt, "Accelerated Impact Testing Apparatus", a Patent issued in the United States, December 9, 1997, Number 5,696,312. This patent is licensed exclusively to Calloway Golf Company. 4. N. J. Lee and W. G. Pitt, "Accelerated Impact Testing Apparatus", a Patent issued in the United States, April 14, 1998, Number 5,739,411. This patent is licensed exclusively to Calloway Golf Company. 5. N. Rapoport and W.G. Pitt, “Stabilization and Acoustic Activation of Polymeric Micelles for Drug Delivery”, a patent issued in the United States of America, November 18, 2003, Number 6,649,702. 6. D.W. Greep and W.G. Pitt, “Application and utilization of a water-soluble polymer on a surface”, a patent issued in the United States of America, August 31, 2004 Number 6,783,525. 7. David D. Williams, Peter Jepsen, Daniel Marler, Carl; Ellingson, Doug Wright and William G. Pitt, “Divided-End Artificial Limb”, a patent issued in the United States of America, April 9, 2013, Number. 8413313 8. W.G. Pitt and G.A. Husseini, “Technique for drug and gene delivery to the cell cytosol”, a patent issued in the United States of America, April 7, 2015, Number 8,999,295. 9. M. Javadi and W.G. Pitt, “Novel technique to form emulsions within liposomes for therapeutic delivery to tissues and to the cell cytosol”, provisional patent submitted to the U.S. patent office, May 16, 2012. Trademarks 1. “PLUROGEL”, a trademark issued in the United States, October 9, 2007, serial number 77150941, issued to W. G. Pitt. Plurogel® is a trademark for drug deliver agents consisting of compounds that facilitate delivery of a wide range of pharmaceuticals. The trademark has been transferred to PluroGen Therapeutics, Inc. of Annapolis, Maryland. 2. “NanoDeliv”, a trademark issued in the United States, October 17, 2007, serial number 77305992, issued to W. G. Pitt. NanoDeliv® is a trademark for drug deliver agents consisting of compounds that facilitate delivery of a wide range of pharmaceuticals. Editorial Board, Journal Reviewer and Proposal Reviewer 1. I have been on the Editorial Board of Journal of Biomaterial Science – Polymer Edition since 2004. 2. I was a guest Editor for Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2007). 3. I have been on the Editorial Board of Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointeractions since 2008. 4. In the past 6 years I have been a Reviewer for the following peer-reviewed journals. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica American Journal of Drug Deliver Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Bioconjugate Chemistry Biofouling Biomacromolecules Biomaterials Biosystems Biotechnology and Bioengineering British Journal of Cancer Cancer Letters Colloids and Surfaces A: Physical Interactions Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Current Drug Delivery European Polymer Journal Expert Opinions in Drug Delivery FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology International Dairy Journal International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications International Journal of Pharmaceutics Journal of Applied Polymer Science Journal of Athletic Training Journal of Biomaterials Science-Polymer Edition Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Journal of Controlled Release Journal of Physical Therapy Langmuir Medical Hypotheses Medicinal Research Reviews Molecular Pharmaceuticals Nature Reviews in Drug Discovery Pharmaceutical Research Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment Ultrasonics and Sonochemistry Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 4. In the past 5 years I have been a Proposal Reviewer for the following government funding agencies. National Science Foundation (USA) National Institutes of Health (USA) Canadian Institutes of Heatlh Research (Canada) The Wellcome Trust (Great Britain) Czech Republic National Academy of Science (Czech Republic) Carolina Technology Development (USA) Revised and printed March 8, 2016