Microbiology Semester Exam – Study Guide
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Introduction to Microbiology
a. What is it?
b. Who studies it?
c. Why do we study it?
d. Where do we study it?
Laboratory Safety Guidelines
a. Standard Precautions
b. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Microscope
a. eyepiece
b. arm
c. base
d. binocular tube
e. revolving nosepiece
f. objective lens
g. mechanical stage
h. stage clips
i. iris diaphragm
j. coarse adjustment knob
k. fine adjustment knob
l. lamp - illumination
Immunization
a. Natural immunity – pathogens enter the body and cause illness
b. Acquired immunity – a host for a disease agent and successfully fighting against
c. Artificial immunity – body is injected with vaccine
d. Passive immunity – occurs when antibodies are transferred from one person to another
e. Active immunity – host contacts and antigen and forms antibodies against
Vaccinations
a. Live Organism
b. Attenuated
c. Killed
d. Leukocytes
1. Neutrophils
2. Lymphocytes
3. Monocytes
4. Basophil
5. Eosinophils
e. Anthrax vaccine
f. DPT or DTaP
g. Type b (Hib)
h. Hep A
i. Hep B
j. Lyme Disease vaccine
k. MMR
l. Meningococcal vaccine
m. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
n. Polio vaccine
o. Rotavirus
p. Smallpox
q. Lyme Disease vaccine
r. Td
s. Varicella
VI.
Mycology – What is mycology?
a. Yeast
b. Mold
c. Some yeast are opportunistic pathogens in that they cause disease in immunocompromised
individuals.
d. Molds are used in the production of cheeses and other foods and also serve an antimicrobial
purpose.
e. Molds have a negative impact on our food industry and also cause opportunistic infections in
debilitated and immunosuppressed individuals.
VII.
Parasitology
a. Parasites that infect humans have various classifications, characteristics,
and life cycles:
1. Protozoans
2. Helminths
3. Arthropods
b. Protozoa are microscopic one-celled animals that are categorized
according to their method of movement.
1. Ciliates
2. Flagellates
3. Amoeba
c. Helminths
1. Cestodes (flatworms)
2. Nematodes (roundworms)
3. Tematodes (flukes). .
VIII.
Virology - What is a virus?
a. A virus is a submicroscopic acellular particle containing genetic material
surrounded by protein.
b. The classification of viruses
1. RNA viruses
2. DNA viruses