1. IMPORTANT STUFF
The RhinoTM D4 channel bank comes ready to go. This section describes important information
you need to know with regard to the warranty and safety information.
1.a. Warranty
The RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank is covered by a 5 year limited factory
warranty. This warranty is very simple and straightforward. For a
complete description of the 5 year limited factory warranty refer to the
warranty certificate which came with the unit. If you would like another
of the warranty certificate contact Rhino Equipment Corp.
copy
1.b. Standards
This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC Rules. The FCC Part
68 Label is located on the side of the enclosure. This label contains the
FCC
Registration Number for this equipment. If requested, this
information
must be provided to your telephone company.
Connection to the telephone network should be made by using standard
modular telephone jacks, type RJ48C. The plug and/or jacks used must
with FCC Part 68 Rules.
OPERATION
T1 CSU Interface
FIC
04DU9-1SN
04DU9-1ZN
SOC
6.0N
comply
(USOC) JACK
RJ48C
If this telephone equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the
telephone company will notify you in advance that temporary
discontinuance of service may be required. But if advance notice isn’t
practical, the telephone company will notify the customer as soon as
possible. Also, you will be advised of your right to file a complaint with
FCC if you believe it is necessary.
the
The telephone company may make changes in it’s facilities, equipment,
operations or procedures that could affect the proper functioning of your
equipment. If they do, you will be notified in advance in order for you to
make necessary modifications to maintain uninterrupted service.
If trouble is experienced with this unit, please contact customer service at
the address and phone listed below. DO NOT DISASSEMBLE THIS
EQUIPMENT. It does not contain any user serviceable components.
1
Contact:
Rhino Equipment Corp
Attn: CUSTOMER SERVICE DEPT.
521 N. Argonne Rd. Bldg. B-101
Spokane, WA 99212
Ph 509-462-0700, Fax 509-462-5353
1.c. Surge Protection
It is recommended that a surge protector or un-interuptible power supply
(UPS) be installed between the RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank and the AC
outlet
to which it is connected. This will help minimize damage as a
result of lightning
strikes and other AC line surges. Failure to use a UPS
could affect the 5 year
limited warranty.
2
2. INSTALLATION
2.a. Unpacking the RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank
The unit comes in a very sturdy shipping box. The package contains the
Rhino D4 channel bank, 110V ac power cable, T1 and Analog cables
and
accessories.
TM
Check the materials in the box against the following packing list. Inspect
the unit for any signs of physical damage. Report any damages to the
shipper. Keep all packaging material in the event that you need to move
or ship
the unit in the future. Warranty returns must be shipped back to
Rhino Equipment
Corp in the original shipping box and included insert.
Packing List
Description
Quantity
RhinoTM D4 channel bank
1
Wall-Mount brackets (already attached to the unit)
4
110 V right angle ac input power cable
1
T1 Network Cable, RJ48C to RJ48C
2
RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank Warranty Card
1
TM
Rhino D4 Channel Bank Warranty Certificate
1
RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank User's Manual
1
25 Pair Analog connector cable (female to female)
1
2.b. Site Selection
The installation site should provide enough space for adequate ventilation
and cable placement. You need to allow 3-4 inches of space on the sides,
above and below to insure there is adequate air flow. Provide enough
space
from the black side panel for cables and access to the DIP/Slide
switches.
The selected installation site should provide a stable operating
environment. The area around the installation site should be clean and
from extremes of temperature, humidity, shock, and vibration. The
temperature should be kept below 100 degrees F.
free
operating
The RhinoTM D4 channel bank is designed to be used on T1 (DS1) service
only. Connecting it to any other type of telecommunications service or
services will void the warranty and could cause damage to the network of
the
provider of the non-approved service or services.
All wiring done external to the RhinoTM D4 channel bank should follow
3
the guidelines as set forth by the National Electrical Code.
2.c. Physical Installation
The RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank is intended to be installed on the wall as a
wall mounted unit. Failure to mount the unit on the wall in a vertical
position could cause excessive heat build up. The unit was designed for
proper
air flow in a vertical orientation. Use the four wall-mount "L"
brackets which have
been included (and attached) for your convenience.
The RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank should be mounted to the wall using
appropriate screws and/or fasteners suitable for mounting heavy objects.
The
RhinoTM D4 channel bank weighs just under 20 pounds. Masonry
mollies, #8 or
larger wood screws or expansion bolts should be used. Do
not attempt to install
the unit on a wall which may not support the weight
of the unit.
2.d. Power Connection
It is recommended that the unit be plugged into a UPS, which is then
plugged into a standard 110V AC plug (in the wall). The unit is grounded
on the third prong of modern grounded a.c. building wiring. This is
sometimes called "Green Wire" ground. This is the safety grounding point
used by the RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank 110Vac Power Supply. As long as
the unit is plugged into a properly wired 3 prong outlet the unit will be
properly grounded.
4
3.
T1 INSTALLATION
3.a. Connecting the T1
T1 Cable Installation
The RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank T1 (DS1) interface is an industry-standard
RJ48C 8 pin connector with its connections described below. The T1 is
usually
connected to the telecommunications carrier demarcation point.
This is the point at
which the carrier terminates their T1 at the customer's
premise. Use the included
T1 cable to connect the unit to the demarcation
point. In some cases additional
cable must be run from the carrier’s
demarc to the customer’s suite or nearby “phone
room”.
T1 Line Interface on RJ48C - 8 pin Modular T1 jack
Pin Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Signal
Receive Ring
Receive Tip
Not connected
Transmit Ring
Transmit Tip
Not connected
Not connected
Not connected
To/From What?
Coming From T1 (Network)
Coming From T1 (Network)
Going To T1 (Network)
Going To T1 (Network)
The maximum cable length for a T1 Network (DS1-1) connection is
suggested as follows. Reliable T1 cabling distances depend on which type
of cable is used. It is strongly recommended that only shielded cable be
used as
part of any T1 installation. For best results use: shielded 22 AWG
T1 cable
(ABAM 600).
ABAM 600 T1 Cable
T1 Network (CSU)
can go as far as 6,000 feet
ABAM 600 Cable Specifications:
Nominal Impedance: 100 ohms +/- 5% at 772 kHz.
Insertion Loss:
Better than 7 dB per 1,000 feet at 1.544 MHz.
Better than 5 dB per 1,000 feet at 772 kHz.
Far-End Crosstalk: Better than 85 dB per 1,000 feet at 1.544 Mhz.
Better than 90 dB per 1,000 feet at 772 kHz.
Near-End Crosstalk: Better than 80 dB per 1,000 feet at 1.544 Mhz.
Better than 85 dB per 1,000 feet at 772 kHz.
5
Shields:
Transmit and receive pairs are individually
shielded with aluminum/polyester tape.
If you used unshielded cable you could experience problems. When this
type of cable is used, transmit and receive pairs are usually run in separate
cables to avoid crosstalk which often occurs in unshielded cables. Failure
to use separate cable bundles for transmit and receive can result in the
CSU
LINE port clocking onto itself (due to crosstalk) with as little as 10
feet of
unterminated (unshielded) telephone cable attached. The CSU can
thus show a
normal framed status when the far end of the telephone wiring
is actually
disconnected. Again, this is due to crosstalk between pairs in
the same cable
bundle. This is true of any CSU installation using any
kind of unshielded twisted
pair cable.
RhinoTM Included T1 Cables
RhinoTM to Network - 10 feet
RhinoTM to Network - 10 feet (reversed)
Connectors
RJ48C to RJ48C
RJ48C to RJ48C
3.b. Connecting the 24 Analog Channels
25 Pair Analog Cable
The RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank has a 25-Pair Female to Female
Telephony Connector. This connector is on the side of the unit towards
the
bottom of the black face plate. To connect to it, use a 25 pair cable
with a
Standard "D" Style 50 Pin Telephone Wiring Connector with
RJ-21X wiring jack
(punch down block with 25 pair modular female
connector in the side.) For your
convenience a cable of this type comes
with the RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank.
Pin Location
26
1
27
2
*
*
*
49
24
Function
Tip Channel 1
Ring Channel 1
Tip Channel 2
Ring Channel 2
*
*
*
Tip Channel 24
Ring Channel 24
Note: The RhinoTM D4 channel bank utilizes only 24 pair of the available
25 pair in the analog cable assembly.
6
3.c. Troubleshooting T1 Installation
See the trouble shooting section (Section 8).
3.d. LCD Screen and What It Means
The RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank is equipped with an LCD screen which is
used to display the D4 signaling bits (the A and B bits). These bits are
displayed in real-time (within a few milliseconds) and they are displayed
all the
time.
The format of the display is as follows:
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
where “X” can be 1, 0, A, or B.
The top row of digits displays what the RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank is
receiving from the network. The bottom row of digits displays what the
RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank is transmitting out to the network. Channel
to the far left and channel twenty-four is to the far right.
one is
A “1” means both the “A” and “B” bits are 1. A “0” means both the “A”
and “B” bits are 0. An “A” means the “A” bit is 1 and the “B” bit is 0. A
“B” means the “B” bit is 1 and the “A” bit is 0.
7
4. RHINOTM D4 CHANNEL BANK CONFIGURATION
All configurations are set using easily accessible DIP and/or slide switches.
4.a. DIP Switches - What They Are For
DIP switches are little switches which allow you to change or adjust the
settings of the RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank. No programming is required in
order to make necessary changes or adjustments to the unit. The only
thing
needed is to adjust the appropriate DIP switch. The DIP switches
are found on the left
hand side of the unit towards the top of the black face
plate. The black face plate
shows which switch accomplishes which
function. Each individual dip switch is
numbered 1-8 with 1 being at the
top of the individual switch (with the unit mounted
on the wall).
The unit comes with all the switches set to OFF (except Switch 8 of D1),
unless the pre-shipment configuration form was filled out and received by
Rhino Equipment Corp before the unit was shipped. In this case, the unit
will come configured as requested.
The “OFF” position of a DIP switch is toward the back of the unit - or the
wall if the unit is mounted.
4.b. Test, Framing and Reset - DIP Switch D1
Switch D1 is located at the top of the unit. Switches 1-5 of this switch are
reserved for future use and are not used. Leave switches 1-4 in the OFF
position. Switch 5 is used to select ESF or SF framing. If ON - ESF
framing is selected. If OFF - SF framing is selected. Switch 6 is used to
display raw T1 information to the LCD screen located on the front of the
unit.
(For a description of this information see Section 7). For normal
operation leave
Switch 6 in the OFF position. Switch 7 is used to manually
transmit a yellow
alarm to the carrier. This is only done in a test
environment. Do not
attempt to operate the unit with switch 7 on. Switch
8 is used to reset the unit
without powering the unit down. To reset the
unit without powering the unit down
simply flip switch 8 down and then up
(OFF and then ON). DO NOT LEAVE
THIS SWITCH IN THE “OFF”
POSITION. THE UNIT WILL NOT
OPERATE. NORMAL
OPERATION REQUIRES SWITCH 8 TO BE IN
THE UP (ON)
POSITION. In most cases you will not need to reset the
unit. This is only
needed if you change some of the settings such as signaling or any
of the
gain settings. After making changes resetting the unit will cause the
changes to take effect.
8
4.c. Filter Gain / Modem Selection - DIP Switch D2
Switch D2 is the second DIP switch from the top of the unit. This switch
is used to set the filter gain of the 24 analog channels for both the transmit
and receive paths. Switches 1, 2 and 3 set a binary code for the transmit
path’s
filter gain (the analog to digital direction). Switches 4, 5 and 6 set
a binary code
for the receive path’s filter gain (the digital to analog
direction). If the T1
signal is too strong you may hear slight background
noise. This can be corrected
by adding loss to the Receive path with Sw 4
- Sw 6. The corresponding filter
gains are shown in the following table:
Transmit
Sw 1 Sw 2 Sw 3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
Gain (dB)
0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
Receive
Sw 4 Sw 5 Sw 6 Gain (dB)
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0 dB
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
+7
Modem Selection
Switches 7 and 8 of D2 determine the modem line selections. Often
modems work better when set to zero gain. If the voice channels are
configured at a gain setting of other than zero these switches let you
configure up to twelve channels at zero gain and the rest of the channels
according to switches 1-6. These settings are shown in the table
below.
Sw 7 Sw 8
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
are set
Description
No modems. Treat gain filter the same on all channels.
Set last 4 channels to 0. Set first 20 as set with bits 1-6.
Set last 8 channels to 0. Set first 16 as set with bits 1-6.
Set last 12 channels to 0. Set first 12 as set with bits 1-6.
4.d. Signaling Protocols - DIP Switch D3
This switch is used to match the T1 configuration with that of the RhinoTM
D4 Channel Bank.
Switches 1-4 of D3 are used to set the signaling protocol for the T1. The
signaling protocol is selected according to the table below. A description
of each protocol follows the table.
9
Sw 1 Sw 2 Sw 3 Sw 4
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
Signaling Protocol
Immediate Start
Wink Start
Loop Start
Ground Start
Reserved for future use
The following will give you a brief description of the various signaling
protocols and how they operate. Remember, both the network and the
RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank need to be configured identically in order for
to operate properly.
the T1
Immediate Start
Immediate Start is the oldest of the start protocols. It is also the simplest
to understand. The “transmit” from the network is connected to the
“receive” of the channel bank. The “transmit” of the channel bank is
connected to the “receive” of the network. Immediate Start begins by
having
one end of the circuit (in our example the network), on the same
channel, seize the
channel by going off hook. This off-hook condition
results in the network
transmitting AB=11. The channel bank recognizes
the seizure and begins ringing
the near end channel. When the phone is
answered the channel bank transmits back to
the network AB=11.
Wink Start
Wink Start is a very common start protocol because of it’s inherent
“confirming” characteristic. Like Immediate Start the network seizes the
line by
sending AB=11. The channel bank then “winks” back at the
network by sending a
momentary AB=11. This “confirms” to the network
that the seizure was
recognized. The channel bank rings the phone
corresponding to the seized
channel. When the phone is answered the
channel bank sends the network AB=11
indicating the call was answered.
Likewise, when a near end phone goes off-hook the
channel bank seizes
the channel on the T1 by sending AB=11. The network responds
by
“winking” with a momentary AB=11. The network sends AB=11 after the
call has been answered at the far end.
Loop Start
Loop Start works similar to wink start except the A and B bits are used a
bit differently (no pun intended). One of the bits is used to signify ringing
and the other bit is used to signify on-hook or off-hook.
Ground Start
Ground Start works similar to loop start with one exception. The network
“A” bit is used differently to indicate a call is starting or a call is ending.
4.e. Line Coding - DIP Switch D3
10
T1 Line Coding options are Zero Code Substitution enabled or disabled
(AMI, "straight" Alternate Mark Inversion), or Binary 8 Zero Substitution
(B8ZS, which is sometimes called "clear channel" T1).
The RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank can be configured as AMI (Alternate
Mark Inversion with Zero Code Substitution enabled or disabled) or B8ZS
(Bipolar 8 Zero Substitution) line code format. The line coding
determines how to handle more than 7 zeros in a row. B8ZS line coding
allows
the use of 64 Kbps of each DS0 channel. Straight AMI allows the
use of 56
Kbps of each DS0 channel. Remember that the line coding
mode chosen on the
RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank must match that of the T1
carrier's equipment.
Switch 5 of D3 is used to set Zero Code Suppression either on or off.
OFF = Zero Code Suppression is disabled
ON = Zero Code Suppression is enabled
Switch 6 of D3 is used to set B8ZS either on or off.
OFF = B8ZS is disabled
ON = B8ZS is enabled (Switch 5 must be off)
4.f. SLIC Power Down - DIP Switch D3
Switches 7-8 of D3 are used to set the SLIC power down timing to help
voice mail and telephone answering devices to disconnect when the caller
hang
TM
ups. When the caller at the far end hangs up the Rhino D4
Channel Bank
will shut off the loop current on the analog side for a
pre-determined amount of
time. This lets the answering device know that
the caller has hung up and to go
ahead and terminate the call. The settings
are shown in the table below.
Sw 7 Sw 8
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
Description
No power down. Normal Operation
SLIC power down for 1 second
SLIC power down for 2 seconds
SLIC power down for 3 seconds
4.g. LIU CSU Line Build Out - DIP Switch D4
This switch is used for the LIU CSU line build out and to establish the
clock source. Switches 1-4 of D4 are for the line build out for the LIU
The following table describes the settings (for most applications a
setting of:
0
CSU.
0
11
0
0
will be fine) :
Long Haul
Sw 1 Sw 2 Sw 3 Sw 4
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
Short Haul
Sw 1 Sw 2 Sw3
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
Sw 4
1
1
1
1
1
Pulse
0.0 dB
-7.5 dB
-15.0 dB
-22.5 dB
Gain
36 dB
36 dB
36 dB
36 dB
0.0 dB
-7.5 dB
-15.0 dB
-22.5 dB
26 dB
26 dB
26 dB
26 dB
Pulse
0-133 ft / 0.6 dB
133-266 ft / 1.2 dB
266-399 ft / 1.8 dB
399-533 ft / 2.4 dB
533-655 ft / 3.0 dB
Gain
12 dB
12 dB
12 dB
12 dB
12 dB
The T1 Line Build Out (LBO) can be programmed according to the values
shown
in the table above. The Line Build Out determines the T1 signal
level that is
transmitted from the RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank to the carrier
interface. Setting the
unit to 0 dB is the highest signal level, while -22.5
dB is the lowest signal level. The
most common setting for most T1
installations is 0 dB, which is the RhinoTM D4
Channel Bank default
setting. Your carrier will let you know if you need to
change this setting.
A T1 level from the RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank which is too high
for the
engineered facility can result in bipolar violations seen by the carrier.
Too
low a level can result in a Loss Of Signal seen by the carrier.
Switches 5-7 of D4 are reserved for future use. Leave these switches OFF.
4.h. Clock Source - DIP Switch D4
Switch 8 of D4 is used to select the clock source to be used on the T1 line.
T1 Clocking options supported by the RhinoTM D4 channel bank are
Looped (Normal) timing from the incoming T1 line or Master (internal)
timing
which uses an internally generated clock signal. The RhinoTM D4
Channel Bank T1 line
transmit output can be synchronized to the
network's precision clock source
(Looped) or it can provide the timing
source to the T1 line (Master). The default
clock source is the clock
recovered from the incoming T1 line (Looped). T1 Line
12
clocking
most
(Looped) is the most common configuration and should be used for
applications.
Sw 8
OFF
ON
Clock Source
Normal (Looped)
Master
4.i. T1 Network Framing
There are two industry standard T1 framing options: Extended Superframe
(ESF) and Superframe (SF, also known as D4 framing). The
hinoTM D4 Channel
Bank supports SF or ESF format on the T1 network. At one time SF (D4) was the most
common framing used. However, more and more installations are using ESF on T1
installations today. (To select ESF flip switch 5 on D1 to ON (up). To select SF flip
switch 5 on D1 OFF (down)).
13
5.
TESTING AND TROUBLESHOOTING
5.a. What Are The Pretty Lights For?
The RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank has five status lights on the left hand side
of the unit in the center of the black face plate. These lights display status
and configuration information about the T1 line and the RhinoTM D4
Channel Bank.
5.b. LOS (Loss of Signal) Indicator - LED L1
This LED is green in color when the T1 signal is present. It turns red
when the T1 signal is not present.
5.c. T1 Network Framing Indicator - LED L2
This LED is green in color when the RhinoTM Channel Bank has
achieved multi-frame synchronization. If synchronization has not been
achieved or if synchronization has been lost this LED is red in color.
5.d. Network Loopback Indicator - LED L3
This LED reports when the T1 has been looped back due to receipt of the
remote network loopback signal. It does not turn red when the T1 is
looped
back to the network manually.
5.e. Network Alarm Status Indicator - LED L4
This LED indicates the presence of an alarm condition. If this LED is
green in color there is no alarm condition on the T1. If this LED is yellow
in color there is an incoming Yellow Alarm Condition on the T1 line. If
this
LED is red in color there is an incoming Blue Alarm condition on the
T1 line (sorry
- we couldn’t make the LED turn blue).
5.f.
Signaling Protocol Indicator - LED L5
This LED indicates which start protocol has been selected via the
appropriate DIP switches. The LED conditions and their corresponding
protocols are shown below.
LED Color
Off
Yellow
Red
Green
start
Start Protocol Selected
Immediate Start
Wink Start
Loop Start
Ground Start
14
5.g.
The LCD Screen And What It Means
(This was also covered in Section 3.d.)
The RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank is equipped with an LCD screen which is
used to display the D4 signaling bits (the A and B bits). These bits are
displayed in real-time (within a few milliseconds) and they are displayed
all the
time.
The format of the display is as follows:
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
where “X” can be 1, 0, A, or B.
The top row of digits displays what the RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank is
receiving from the network. The bottom row of digits displays what the
RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank is transmitting out to the network. Channel
to the far left and channel twenty-four is to the far right.
one is
A “1” means both the “A” and “B” bits are 1. A “0” means both the “A”
and “B” bits are 0. An “A” means the “A” bit is 1 and the “B” bit is 0. A
“B” means the “B” bit is 1 and the “A” bit is 0.
15
6. SLIDE SWITCHES
6.a. TAOS - Slide Switch S1
Transmit All Ones (TAOS) is used for testing purposes. When this slide
switch is pushed up the LIU will transmit an unframed stream of all ones.
The carrier may need this in order to test the T1 line. FOR NORMAL
OPERATION THIS SWITCH SHOULD BE DOWN (OFF).
.
6.b. Local Loopback - Slide Switch S2
This slide switch is used for testing purposes. When this slide switch is
pushed up the LIU loopbacks the analog side of the RhinoTM D4 Channel
Bank.
FOR NORMAL OPERATION THIS SWITCH SHOULD BE
DOWN (OFF).
6.c. Remote Loopback - Slide Switch S3
Setting this slide switch up will cause the T1 signal received from the T1
line (network) to be transmitted back onto the T1 line. The T1 signal is
sent
back to the network exactly as it is received. Since this loopback
occurs before the
signal gets to the internal framing circuitry the RhinoTM
D4 Channel Bank makes no
changes to this signal before it is transmitted.
When this slide switch is down (normal operation) the unit is set to detect
a remote generated loopback code. The carrier may need to remotely
loopback the T1 for testing purposes. The carrier can also cancel the
remote
loopback. To manually cancel the remote loopback - momentarily
slide the
switch up and then back down. FOR NORMAL OPERATION
THIS SWITCH
SHOULD BE DOWN (OFF).
16
7. TROUBLESHOOTING - USING RHINO DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION
TROUBLE
WHAT TO DO
No LED's Lit and The RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank has no power.
the LCD screen off
1.
Check all power connections.
2.
Check the fuse on the right hand side of the unit. If this
fuse is blown install the extra one which came with the
unit. If you cannot locate the extra one purchase a 3 Amp,
250 Volt fuse from any hardware store. (They cost less
than 1 dollar).
3.
It is possible that there is no power to the outlet to which
the unit is plugged into. Check the voltage at the outlet to
confirm the outlet is alright.
4.
L1 - LOS LED
is Red
The power supply may have failed. Contact Rhino
Equipment Corp for repair/replacement.
Loss Of T1 Signal From the Line. The RhinoTM D4 Channel
Bank is not receiving a T1 signal.
1.
Check the T1 cable where it plugs into the unit on the left
hand side towards the bottom of the black face plate and
also at the carrier’s demarcation point.
2.
L2 - Network
Framing LED
is Red
Call the carrier to check if they are having any problems.
The T1 is out of frame. The unit has lost multi-frame
synchronization or has not been able to achieve multi-frame
synchronization.
1.
Verify with the carrier that the framing coming from their
switch is SF (D4). If not, they must change it to SF.
2.
Reset the unit using D1 - Switch 8 (down then back up).
3.
Make sure L4 is green. If there is an alarm condition
present it is possible for the unit to lose multi-frame
synchronization.
17
The RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank is in remote loopback mode
sending the received T1 signal back toward the T1 line. This is
is Red due to an in-band five-bit loopback code being received from
the T1 line.
L3 - Network
Loopback
1.
Be sure the Slide Switch S3 - Remote Loopback is down.
This enables the detection of a remote loopback initiated
by the carrier. Momentarily sliding S3 up and then down
will clear the condition provided the carrier has stopped
sending the in-band 5-bit loopback code.
2.
L4- Network
Alarm Indicator
LED is Yellow
Contact the carrier to see if they are testing the T1 line for
problems.
This means a Yellow Alarm is being received from the
network on the T1. This could mean the carrier is Out
of Frame or if the unit is installed on a point-to-point T1, this may
indicate a far end equipment failure.
1.
Check the RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank connection to the T1
line at the unit and at the carrier’s demarcation point. The
outbound portion of the T1 (the transmit) signal may not be
connected.
2.
Call the carrier to confirm the framing is set to SF (D4).
L4- Network Alarm AIS (Unframed All Ones - also called a Blue Alarm) is
Status Indicator
being received from the T1 line. This may indicate a
is Red
loss of connection somewhere in the carrier facility or on a
point-to-point T1 it may indicate that the far-end equipment has lost
power or has been disconnected.
1.
For a point-to-point T1, contact the remote end to check
the equipment there.
2.
If remote end is OK, or for a T1 received from your carrier,
contact the carrier to have the T1 checked.
L5- Signaling
This LED will not always be green. It reflects the signaling Indicator
LED protocol selected via DIP Switch D3, switches 0-3.
is Off or is not
Green.
1.
Check the table on page 21 to see what is selected. This
18
will tell you what color this LED should be.
I pick up a phone
and nothing
happens
The analog cable is not properly connected to the unit or it is
not properly connected to the punch down block.
1.
Check the analog cable connection at the unit and make
sure it is properly and snugly connected.
2.
Check the analog cable connection at the punch down
block and make sure it is properly and snugly connected.
3.
Make sure the phone you are using is properly connected to
one of the 24 analog ports.
When I pick up
a phone I hear
background
noise
The T1 signal is strong enough that the gain levels are a little
bit too high.
1.
Adjust the receive gain using the appropriate switches.
UNDERSTANDING THE RAW T1 DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION
The RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank is equipped with diagnostic information
not available with other channel banks (patent pending). This diagnostic
information can be viewed on the LCD screen by flipping D1 - Switch 6
ON (or
up). In many cases, if there is a problem on the T1 line, T1 test
equipment will not
need to be sent to the site. In most cases the diagnostic
information available through
the RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank will reveal
where the problem lies.
The format of the display is as follows:
MS1:ABCDEFGHMS2:IJKLMNOP
MC1:ABCDEFGH MC2:IJKLMNOP
MS1 contains certain raw T1 information useful in diagnosing problem
on the T1 line. The following table describes the raw T1 information
contained in MS1:
A:
If “1” an incoming Yellow Alarm is being received on the
T1 line. If “0” there is no incoming Yellow Alarm.
B:
MIMIC. If a “1” the frame search algorithm found more
than one possible frame candidate when it went into frame
synchronization.
C:
Terminal Framing Error. The bit changes its value very
19
time the framer encounters more than 4 errors in the
Framing bit pattern.
D:
Not Used.
E:
Multiframe Sync. This bit is “0” when the device has
achieved multiframe synchronization. If multiframe
synchronization has NOT been achieved this bit will be set
to “1”.
F.
BPV. This bit changes every time the device counts 256
bipolar violations.
G.
SLIP. This bit changes every time the elastic buffer in the
device performs a controlled slip.
H.
Snyc. This bit is a “1” when the device has not achieved
synchronization. This bit will be a “0” when the device has
synchronized to the incoming T1 stream. (After the bit
goes to “0” - Multiframe Sync will attempt multiframe
synchronization.)
MS2 contains certain raw T1 information useful in diagnosing problems
on the T1 line. The following table describes the raw T1 information
contained in MS2:
I:
If “1” an incoming Blue Alarm is being received on the T1
line. If “0” there is no incoming Blue Alarm.
J:
Phase Status. When the device is slipping out of phase this
bit will change each time the phase goes beyond the current
frame.
K:
This bit is “1” when there is no T1 signal present.
L-M: These bits are tied to bit F of MS1. Bit L changes after
every 128 Bipolar Violations and bit M after every 64
Bipolar Violations.
N-P: Not Used.
MC1 contains certain control information being sent to the framer by the
unit which is useful in diagnosing problems on the T1 line or with the
units
operation. The following table describes the control information
contained in MC1:
A:
If “1” a Yellow Alarm condition is being transmitted out
onto the T1 line. If “0” - a Yellow Alarm is NOT being
transmitted.
B:
When “0” Robbed Bit signaling is being used on the T1
line.
C:
Not Used.
D:
Not Used.
E:
Not Used.
F:
B8ZS. When B8ZS is on this bit is “1”. When off “0”.
20
G:
TSPZCS. If “1” no zero code suppression is implemented.
H:
Debounce. Used in the timing of the signaling bits. Should
be a “1”.
MC2 contains certain raw T1 information useful in diagnosing problem
on the T1 line. The following table describes the raw T1 information
contained in MC2:
I:
Used for out-of-sync algorithm. Should be “0”.
J:
Not Used.
K:
Not Used.
L:
Reframe. Used to call a reframe event. This happens too
fast to see on the LCD screen.
M:
Sets device to SF when “0”. Should be “0”.
N:
When “1” device will send all ones (blue alarm).
O-P: Not Used.
21
8. CONFIGURATION QUICK REFERENCE
The following are the descriptions of the RhinoTM D4 Channel Bank’s DIP Switches, Slide
Switches and LED indicators.
DIP Switches
Switch State Orientation: Down (towards the wall) = OFF, Up = ON
D1:
Switches 1-4 Reserved:
Switch 5:
Switch 6:
Switch 7:
Switch 8:
Set to OFF
OFF=SF, ON=ESF
Display Diagnostic Info (page 19).
OFF=Normal, ON= Yellow Alarm.
DOWN then UP to Reset the unit.
D2:
Switches 1-3 Transmit Gain:
Switches 4-6 Receive Gain:
Switches 7-8 Modem Select:
See the table on page 9
See the table on page 9
See the table on page 9
D3:
Switches 1-4 Signaling:
Switch 5: Zero Code Sup:
Switch 6: B8ZS:
Switches 7-8: SLIC Power Down:
See the table on page 10
OFF=Off, ON=On
OFF=Off, ON=On (5 must be off)
See the table on page 11
D4:
Switches 1-4 CSU Line Build Out
Switches 5-7 Reserved:
Switch 8: Clock Source
See the table on page 12
Set to OFF
OFF=Looped (Normal), ON=Master
Slide Switches
S1:
TAOS. Used for testing. Normal Operation = OFF (down)
S2:
Local Loopback. Used for testing. Normal Operation = OFF (down)
S3:
Remote Loopback. Used for testing. Normal Operation = OFF (down)
LED Indicators
L1:
Loss Of Signal
Green when T1 signal is present
Red when no T1 signal is present
L2:
Network Framing
Green when synchronized to T1
Red when not synchronized to T1
22
L3:
Network Loopback
Green when not looped back
Red when looped back by network
L4:
Network Alarm Status
Green when no alarm is present
Yellow when Yellow Alarm present
Red when Blue Alarm present
L5:
Signaling Protocol
Off = Immediate Start is selected
Yellow = Wink Start is selected
Red = Loop Start is selected
Green = Ground Start is selected
23