中国和美国的西南区域比较研究
国际学术研讨会
2013 International Conference on Chinese
and American Southwest Studies
November 8-10, Chengdu, China
Co-sponsored by
American Studies Center, Sichuan University
College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Sichuan University
Arizona State University
i
Contents
I、Agenda.............................................................................................................................. 1
II、Schedule for Group Discussions ................................................................................................ 4
III、Abstracts of Papers ................................................................................................................... 8
Keynote Speaker: Eduardo Pagán ................................................................................................. 12
Keynote Speaker: WANG Xiaolu.................................................................................................... 12
1、Zhiyong LAN, Arizona State University .................................................................................. 13
2、Wei LI, Arizona State University ; WU Min, Sichuan University.......................................... 13
3、MaryJo Benton Lee, South Dakota State University .............................................................. 14
4、David Pickus, Arizona State University ................................................................................... 15
5、FANG Yonglan, Chengdu Sport University ............................................................................. 15
6、TAN Yumei, Sichuan University ............................................................................................... 16
7、MAO Yarui, Sichuan University ............................................................................................... 16
8、Christine Szuter, Arizona State University .............................................................................. 17
9、ZHAO Yi, Sichuan University ................................................................................................... 18
10、Eugene Clay, Arizona State University................................................................................... 18
11、Wei LI Xiao Jie LI, Arizona State University ..................................................................... 19
12、ZHANG Chunyan, Sichuan University .................................................................................. 20
13、ZHANG Renfeng, Sichuan University.................................................................................... 20
14、ZHANG Sijing, Sichuan University ........................................................................................ 21
15、ZHANG Tao, Sichuan International Studies University ....................................................... 21
16、HONG Yun, Guizhou University ............................................................................................ 22
17、Melissa Fitch, University of Arizona ...................................................................................... 22
18、ZHAO Aidong, Sichuan University ........................................................................................ 23
19、Chris Tebbe, Sichuan University ............................................................................................ 24
20、YANG Guang, Sichuan University; Jannelle Warren-Fridley, Arizona State University .. 24
21、LV Qi, Sichuan University ....................................................................................................... 24
22、DOU Jie, University of International Relations .................................................................... 25
23、DUAN Junhui, Sichuan International Studies University .................................................... 25
24、WANG Qingjiang, Kunming University of Science and Technology ................................... 25
25、DUAN Libin, Sichuan Normal University ............................................................................. 26
26、LEI Jianguo, Sichuan Normal University .............................................................................. 26
ii
27、WANG Xin, Sichuan University.............................................................................................. 27
28、LI Li, Sichuan University ........................................................................................................ 27
29、XIONG Li, Hubei Minzu University ...................................................................................... 28
30、LIU Li, Sichuan Normal University ....................................................................................... 28
31、XIAO Dana, Sichuan Normal University............................................................................... 28
32、LIU Shimeng, Sichuan University .......................................................................................... 29
33、SUN Lu, East China Normal University ................................................................................ 29
34、YAN Yupei, Sichuan University .............................................................................................. 30
35、KOU Jin, Yan'an University .................................................................................................... 30
36、LIU Tingting, Yan'an University ............................................................................................ 31
37、LIU Yaxi, Yan'an University.................................................................................................... 31
38、WANG Ying, Yan’an University.............................................................................................. 32
39、WEN Baobao, Yan'an University ............................................................................................ 32
40、YANG Chunling, Yan'an University ....................................................................................... 33
41、TIAN Yuhui, Yan'an University .............................................................................................. 33
42、CHENG Fengchao, Sichuan University ................................................................................. 34
43、QIN Huifang, Sichuan University ........................................................................................... 34
44、ZOU Jianli, Sichuan University .............................................................................................. 35
45、WU Qiufeng, Sichuan University............................................................................................ 35
46、TONG Jia, Sichuan University................................................................................................ 36
iii
2013 International Conference on Chinese and American
Southwest Studies
November 8-10, Chengdu, China
Co-sponsored by
Sichuan University and Arizona State University
Agenda
th
8 November （Friday）
Arrival of participants and check-in at hotel
09:00-22:00
Registration
(Kehuayuan Hotel, Address: 141 Kehua North Rd, Wuhou, Chengdu)
（科华苑宾馆，地址：成都市武侯区科华北路 141 号）
18:00-20:00
Dinner served in the Hotel
9th November （Saturday）
8:30-9:15
Opening Session



Venue: The 4th Floor Conference Room, Kehuayuan Hotel
Host: Prof. CHEN Jie, Director, American Studies Center, Sichuan University
Speakers: Prof. DUAN Feng, Dean, College of Foreign Languages and Cultures,
Sichuan University
Prof. Dr.HUANG Ping, Director General, Institute of American Studies,
Director, Centre for World Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
President, Chinese Association of American Studies
9:15-10:00
Group Photograph & Tea Break
10:00-11:00
Keynote Speech



Discussant: Prof. WANG Xiaolu, Director of Academic Committee, American Studies
Center, Sichuan University
Speaker: Prof. Eduardo Pagán, Bob Stump Endowed Professor of History, Arizona
State University
Topic: The Promises and Challenges of Teaching History through Television
11:00-11:30
Q&A
11:30-13:00
Lunch (The 1st Floor Restaurant, Kehuayuan Hotel)
13:30-17:30
Panel Discussions

Panel One: Southwestern Areas and American Studies
4

Venue: The 3rd Floor Conference Room, Kehuayuan Hotel

Session One: Ethnicity, Education and Tourism



Time: 13:30-15:30
Discussants: Zhiyong LAN, Wei LI
Speakers for Session One: Zhiyong LAN, Wei LI, WU Min, MaryJo Benton Lee,
David Pickus, FANG Yonglan, TAN Yumei, MAO Yarui

Tea Break from 15:30 to 15:45



Session Two: Economy and Community
Time: 15:45-17:45
Discussants: Christine Szuter, Eugene Clay

Speakers for Session Two: Christine Szuter, ZHAO Yi, Wei LI, Xiaojie LI, Eugene
Clay, ZHANG Chunyan, ZHANG Renfeng, ZHANG Sijing


Panel Two: Literature and Culture in American Studies
Venue: The 4th Floor Conference Room, Kehuayuan Hotel




Session One: Culture Studies
Time: 13:30-15:30
Discussants: ZHANG Tao, HONG Yun
Speakers for Session One: ZHANG Tao, HONG Yun, Melissa Fitch, ZHAO Aidong,
Christopher Tebbe, YANG Guang, LV Qi, DOU Jie

Tea Break from 15:30 to 15:45



Session Two: American Literature
Time: 15:45-17:45
Discussants: DUAN Junhui, WANG Qingjiang

Speakers for Session Two: DUAN Junhui, WANG Qingjiang, DUAN Libin, LEI
Jianguo, WANG Xin, XIONG Li, LI Li, LIU Li, XIAO Da’na, LIU Shimeng, SUN Lu,
YAN Yupei
18:00-19:30
Dinner (The 1st Floor Restaurant, Kehuayuan Hotel)
19:30-21:00
Forum for Graduate Students



Venue: Room 215, College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Sichuan University
Host: Ms. HONG Shu, Program Coordinator of American Studies Center, Sichuan
University
Discussant: Prof. MaryJo Lee, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Sociology and Rural
Studies, South Dakota State University
5

Speakers: KOU Jin, LIU Tingting, LIU Yaxi, WANG Ying, WEN Baobao, YANG
Chunling, TIAN Yuhui, CHEN Fengchao, QIN Huifang, ZOU Jianli, WU Qiufeng,
TONG Jia
10th November (Sunday)
8:30-9:30
Panel Discussions (Continued)





Panel One: Southwestern Areas and American Studies
Venue: The 3rd Floor Conference Room, Kehuayuan Hotel
Time: 8:30-9:30
Discussants: Zhiyong LAN, Wei LI, Christine Szuter, Eugene Clay
Speakers: Zhiyong LAN, Wei LI, WU Min, MaryJo Benton Lee, David Pickus, FANG
Yonglan, TAN Yumei, MAO Yarui, Christine Szuter, ZHAO Yi, Wei LI, Xiaojie LI,
Eugene Clay, ZHANG Chunyan, ZHANG Renfeng, ZHANG Sijing




Panel Two: Literature and Culture in American Studies
Venue: The 4th Floor Conference Room, Kehuayuan Hotel
Time: 8:30-9:30
Discussants: ZHANG Tao, HONG Yun, DUAN Junhui, WANG Qingjiang
 Speakers: ZHANG Tao, HONG Yun, Melissa Fitch, ZHAO Aidong, Christopher
Tebbe, YANG Guang, LV Qi, DOU Jie, DUAN Junhui, WANG Qingjiang, DUAN
Libin, LEI Jianguo, WANG Xin, XIONG Li, LI Li, LIU Li, XIAO Da’na, LIU
Shimeng, SUN Lu, YAN Yupei
9:30-9:45
Tea Break
9:45-10:45





Keynote Speech
th
Venue: The 4 Floor Conference Room, Kehuayuan Hotel
Host: Prof. WANG Xin, Deputy Director, American Studies Center, Sichuan
University; Head of the English Department, College of Foreign Languages and
Cultures, Sichuan University
Discussant: Prof. SHI Jian, Vice President, Sichuan University
Speaker: Prof. WANG Xiaolu, Director of Academic Committee, American Studies
Center, Sichuan University
Topic: American Dream as Cultural Source for Nation-Building; The Case of Chinese
Boy Students in the USA in 1870s
10:45-11:15
Q &A
11:15-11:50
Closing Remarks

Speakers: Prof. SHI Jian, Vice President, Sichuan University
Prof. Kathryn Mohrman, Director of the University Design Consortium,
Arizona State University
11:50-13:30
Lunch (The 1st Floor Restaurant, Kehuayuan Hotel)
6
14:00-17:30
18:00-19:30
Field Trip to Jinsha Musuem
Dinner (The 1st Floor Restaurant, Kehuayuan Hotel)
11th November（Monday）
Departure of the participants
Organizing Committee Contacts
Jay Chen, 15928868620
Yang Guang, 13658042861
Susie Hong, 15184445554
The Organizing Committee is located in Room 403, Kehuayuan Hotel. Please contact
028-85463843 if you need any help.
Emai: ascscu@163.com
Website of American Studies Center at Sichuan University: http://ascscu.scu.edu.cn/
7
Schedule for Group Discussions
Name
University
Department
Title
Time & Venue
Keynote Speech
Eduardo Pagán
WANG Xiaolu
Arizona
State
University
New
College
Barrett
10:00, Nov. 9th
-
Honors Professor
College
Conference
Floor
Room,
10:00, Nov. 10th
of
Literature
University
3rd
Kehuayuan Hotel
College
Sichuan
The
and Professor
Journalism
The
3rd
Conference
Floor
Room,
Kehuayuan Hotel
Panel One: Southwestern areas and American studies
Session One: Ethnicity, Education and Tourism
1. Zhiyong LAN
Arizona
State School of Public
University
Affairs
School
2. Wei LI
Arizona
of
State Geographical
University
Professor
Sciences and Urban
Professor
Planning
2. WU Min
School of Public Associate
University
Affairs
3.MaryJo Benton South
Lee
4. David Pickus
Arizona
Yonglan
University
Sichuan
University
Sichuan
University
Professor
Department
of Adjunct
Sociology
and Assistant
Rural Studies
State Barrett
University
Chengdu
7. MAO Yarui
Dakota
State University
5.FANG
6. TAN Yumei
13:30-15:30,
Sichuan
Honors Principal
Lecturer
College of Foreign
Languages
and Lecturer
Cultures
College of Foreign
Cultures
8
Nov.10th
The 3rd Floor
Conference Room,
Discussants: Zhiyong
LAN, Wei LI
College of Foreign
Languages
8:30-9:30,
Kehuayuan Hotel.
and Lecturer
Cultures
Languages
&
Professor
College
Sport
Nov. 9th
and
Master’s
Student
Session Two: Economy and Community
8.Christine
Szuter
Arizona
University
9. ZHAO Yi
Sichuan
University
10. Eugene Clay
Arizona
University
School
of
State Historical,
Philosophical
&
Religious Studies
College of Foreign
Languages
and
Cultures
School
of
State Historical,
Philosophical
&
Religious Studies
Professor
of
Practice
Associate
Professor
Associate
Professor
Arizona
University
State School of Politics
Professor
and Global Studies
11. Xiaojie LI
Arizona
University
State Mary Lou Fulton Master's
Teachers College
Student
12.ZHANG
Chunyan
Sichuan
University
13.ZHANG
Renfeng
Sichuan
University
14.ZHANG
Sijing
Sichuan
University
11. Wei LI
15. ZHANG Tao
College of Foreign
Languages
and Lecturer
Cultures
College
of Doctor
Economics
Candidate
College of Foreign
Master's
Languages
and
Student
Cultures
&
8:30-9:30,
Nov.10th
The 3rd Floor
Conference Room,
Kehuayuan Hotel.
Discussants: Christine
Szuter, Eugene Clay
Panel Two: Literature and culture in American studies
Session One: Culture Studies
Sichuan
International
Institute
of
Professor
Studies
American Studies
University
16. HONG Yun
Guizhou
University
College of Foreign
Languages
and Professor
Cultures
17. Melissa Fitch
University
Arizona
of School of Spanish Associate
Professor
and Portuguese
18.
Aidong
15:45-17:45,
Nov. 9th
ZHAO Sichuan
University
19. Christopher Sichuan
Tebbe
University
College of Foreign
Languages
and Professor
Cultures
College of Foreign English
Languages
and Language
Cultures
Fellow
9
13:30-15:30,
Nov. 9th
&
8:30-9:30,
Nov.10th
The 4th Floor
Conference Room,
Kehuayuan Hotel.
Discussants: ZHANG
Tao, HONG Yun
20.YANG Guang
Sichuan
University
21. LV Qi
Sichuan
University
22. DOU Jie
23. DUAN Junhui
24.WANG
Qingjiang
25. DUAN Libin
26. LEI Jianguo
27. WANG Xin
28. LI Li
29. XIONG Li
30. LIU Li
31. XIAO Da’na
32. LIU Shimeng
College of Foreign
Associate
Languages
and
Professor
Cultures
College of Foreign
Associate
Languages
and
Professor
Cultures
University
of
International
College of English Lecturer
Relations
Session Two: American Literature
Sichuan
School of
International
International
Professor
Studies
Business
University
Kunming
University
of Institute
of
Professor
Science
and American Studies
Technology
College
Sichuan Normal
Fundamental
University
Education
of
College
of
Sichuan Normal
Fundamental
University
Education
College of Foreign
Sichuan
Languages
and
University
Cultures
College of Foreign
Sichuan
Languages
and
University
Cultures
College of Foreign
Hubei
Minzu
Languages
and
University
Cultures
College
of
Sichuan Normal
Fundamental
University
Education
College
of
Sichuan Normal
Fundamental
University
Education
College of Foreign
Sichuan
Languages
and
University
Cultures
10
Professor
15:45-17:45,
Nov. 9th
Associate
Professor
Associate
Professor
Associate
Professor
Associate
Professor
Lecturer
Lecturer
Doctor
Candidate
&
8:30-9:30,
Nov.10th
The 4th Floor
Conference Room,
Kehuayuan Hotel.
Discussants: DUAN
Junhui, WANG
Qingjiang
33. SUN Lu
East
China College of Foreign
Doctor
Normal
Languages
and
Candidate
Universtiy
Cultures
34. YAN Yupei
Shichuan
University
College of Foreign
Master’s
Languages
and
Students
Cultures
Graduate Students Forum
35. KOU Jin
Yan'an University
College
of Master's
Education Science
Student
36. LIU Tingting
Yan'an University
College
of Master's
Education Science
Student
37. LIU Yaxi
Yan'an University
College
of Master's
Education Science
Student
38. WANG Ying
Yan'an University
College
of Master's
Education Science
Student
39. WEN Baobao Yan'an University
40.YANG
Chunling
Yan'an University
41. TIAN Yuhui
Yan'an University
42.CHEN
Fengchao
Sichuan
University
43. QIN Huifang
Sichuan
University
44. ZOU Jianli
Sichuan
University
45. WU Qiufeng
Sichuan
University
46. TONG Jia
Sichuan
University
College
of
Education Science
College
of
Education Science
College
of
Education Science
College of Foreign
Languages
and
Cultures
College of Foreign
Languages
and
Cultures
College of Foreign
Languages
and
Cultures
College of Foreign
Languages
and
Cultures
College of Foreign
Languages
and
Cultures
11
Master's
Student
Master's
Student
Master's
Student
Master's
Student
Master's
Student
Master's
Student
Master's
Student
Master's
Student
19:30-21:00,
Nov.9th,
Room 215, College of
Foreign Languages and
Cultures, Sichuan
University.
Discussant: MaryJo
Lee
Abstracts of Papers
Keynote Speech One: The Promises and Challenges of Teaching History Through
Television
Speaker: Eduardo Pagán
Time: 10:00, November 9th
Venue: The 4th Floor Conference Room, Kehuayuan Hotel
Abstract: Dr. Eduardo Pagán, the Bob Stump Endowed Professor of History at Arizona
State University, will discuss his work on the television show History Detectives, which
ran for 10 years on the Public Broadcasting System. He will describe the concept of the
show and how the production of historical investigations worked. He will assess some of
the challenges of telling history through both the power and limitations of television, and
discuss the tensions between entertainment and education. In addition, he will show two of
his stories on the American Southwest.
The first story surrounds the mystery of an unusual Navajo rug that contains sacred
power symbols that are not supposed to be used in weaving. Navajo tradition holds that
some symbols are so sacred that to use them risks harm to the weaver or her family. So
why was this rug woven? Dr. Pagán meets with a Navajo medicine man and a traditional
Navajo weaver to discover the answers.
The second story investigates a dedication written by the songwriter who wrote the
famous Western song "Tumbling Tumbleweeds." Bob Nolan of the famous signing group
Sons of the Pioneers wrote that his song was both good and bad to him. The group sold
millions of records of this song. How was it bad to him? Dr. Pagán teams up with cohost
Elyse Luray to solve this mystery.
Keynote Speech Two: American Dream as Cultural Source for Nation-Building; The
Case of Chinese Boy Students in the USA in 1870s.
Speaker: WANG Xiaolu
Time: 10:00, November 10th
Venue: The 4th Floor Conference Room, Kehuayuan Hotel
Abstract: By tracing the event that first group of Chinese boy students were officially
sent by the Qing Dynasty to the United States for Xinzhi (the practical new knowledge)
in 1870s when the traditional Chinese culture was in the crisis within the new world
structure, the author points out that to study abroad in modern Chinese cultural history is
closely associated with the nation-building toward its modernity. Based on the historical
fact, the author re-examines the formula Zhongxue (the Chinese learning) as the
fundamental structure and Xixue (the Western learning) for practical use put forward by
the intellectual during that period of time. With the boom of economy and dramatic
changes in contemporary China today, much more Chinese young people enjoy a
12
freedom to study abroad, in the US in particular. But this time it is not simply for
technology and skills, but rather a way for a cultural option or personal identity during its
transformation in terms of modernity. Therefore, American dream is not simply a
metaphor or a symbol for a national identity, but a cultural tradition.
Panel One: Southwestern areas and American studies
Session One: Ethnicity, Education and Tourism
Time: 13:30-15:30, November 9th & 8:30-9:30, November 10th
Venue: The 3rd Floor Conference Room, Kehuayuan Hotel
Discussants: Zhiyong Lan, Wei Li
1. The Role of High Tech/Industrial Park in Leading Local Development: A
Comparative Case Study of Chengdu and Phoenix
Author: Zhiyong LAN, Arizona State University
Abstract: Chengdu is a large city in China's west. In the past thirty years, especially after
the 1990s, it built a number of industrial and high tech parks to boost local economic
development. These parks have been proven to be pivotal forces leading change.
Phoenix is a large metro area in America's west. It has been a fast growing city since the
1990s driven by property development and high tech development efforts. Starting from
the beginning of the new century, together with ASU president's initiative in building
collaborative university-industry-government relationship, a series efforts have also been
made in promoting technology driven research/industrial parks to lead local development.
What are their developmental tracks? What are their experiences and lessons? Are there
anything that could be learned from one another? This paper is an effort to address these
questions in the hope to bring these two sister cities closer.
2. Comparative Study on Policy for Attracting Highly Skilled Professionals: Sichuan
and Arizona
Author: Wei LI, Arizona State University ; WU Min, Sichuan University
Abstract: The world economy increasingly becomes knowledge-based, and highly skilled
professionals are seen as a key driver for economic growth and innovation. There is a
global race to recruit and retain such talents at both national and regional/local levels. Our
paper looks at the provincial/state level. Sichuan and Arizona, despite being half a world
apart, hold similar situations in their respective nation. Both are in the southwest, both are
landlocked, and both were, in the past, less developed than coastal areas. In recent decades,
however, both Arizona and Sichuan have sustained rapid economic development and
13
growth, which creates a demand for various types of high-talent individuals. For some
time, China has taken part in talent-exchange programs with various regions around the
globe; and, Arizona and Sichuan have formed an especially close relationship in these
exchanges in part due to their similarities. Members of the Arizona government and
scholars from Arizona State University (ASU) and Sichuan University have taken part in
talent-exchange programs, as well as in several experimental learning programs; and they
also involve some collaborative research projects. However, while exchanges between
these places of higher learning have had definite success, both Arizona and Sichuan could
benefit from further improvements to policies for attracting and exchanging high-talent
individuals. By researching the policies already in use by these areas, we hope to perform
an in-depth comparative study.
This investigation will have three main parts: First, we will investigate and compare
the policies for attracting and exchanging high-talent individuals already in place and
being practiced by these regions. This is to gain understanding on what is already being
done, and to compare how things may be handled differently between Sichuan and
Arizona. China and the US often hold different ideologies and practices. As such;
examining and comparing the different strategies employed by these regions should lead
to interesting and useful information on how and why do they different. Second, we will
investigate the effectiveness of these policies in order to improve the policy efficiency.
With such evaluation, we can better summarize what is more effective in attracting
high-talent individuals and what sort of programs lead to efficient, fair and productive
exchanges between different regions. Thirdly, we will analyze the different internal and
external environmental factors through which these policies are implemented. Although
Sichuan and Arizona are similar on many counts, they also have vast differences: from
climate to economic structure, to their local laws and local governmental structures. These
differences are important for understanding why something may work in Arizona, but not
in Sichuan, and vice versa. While similar policies and programs can be used, each region
should have the best possible policies fitting its particular circumstances.
Through this in-depth comparison and analysis of the different policies in use by both
regions in attracting high-talent individuals, we hope to formulate new, implementable
policies which can be more effective and more efficient at attracting talent, and therefore
contributing to Sichuan and Arizona’s development and growth into the future.
3. From China's Southwest to America's Midwest: Ethnic Minorities and
Higher Education
Author: MaryJo Benton Lee, South Dakota State University
Abstract: In 1997 the author, then a doctoral student at South Dakota State University, did
14
fieldwork in Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China. She interviewed 32 successful
minority nationality students (shaoshu minzu) and did participant observation at Yunnan
Normal (Teachers) University. (She had earlier served as a visiting professor at YNU.) The
project culminated in a book titled Ethnicity, Education and Empowerment: How Minority
Students in Southwest China Construct Identities.
4. From Arizona to Sichuan: Crossing Boundaries in the Teaching of Globalization
Author: David Pickus, Arizona State University
Abstract: This presentation reflects on my experience teaching globalization at Arizona
State University, and in several places in Asia, especially in China. Specifically, I would
like to present to an academic audience two theories about what leads to success or failure
in undergraduate pedagogy on globalization. In addition, I would like to suggest some
ideas whereby education about globalization in the USA and the PRC can become not
only more self-conscious, but conscious of each other. In doing all this, the topic of
boundary crossing will be prominent in a particular sense. The major difference, as I have
seen it, in discussions of globalization between America and Asia is that Asian students are
more inclined to focus on, and inquire about, adopting Western trends. Western students,
of course, are interested in adapting themselves to changes they see emerging in Asia, but
not to the same extent. Behind this, is the fact that students in all countries see
globalization through the lens of their future prospects, and consider the study of
globalization to be inseparable from individual development and planning. Putting the
matter this way may seem uncontroversial, but it leads to considerations about the place of
boundary crossing that are not as obvious.
5. A Comparative Study into the Eco-ethics between Ethnic Minorities in Ancient
Chinese Southwestern Regions and North American Indians
Author: FANG Yonglan, Chengdu Sport University
Abstract: Eco-ethics is a system to regulate the ethical standards and behavioral norms
between human beings and the nature and the environment. Eco-ethics summarizes
behavioral norms and evaluation standards of human beings in the community of different
life forms. Today’s ever worsening eco-environment and ever serious eco-crises make
people attach more importance to eco-ethics. Amid their long-term struggle with the
nature, ethnic minorities in ancient Chinese southwestern regions and North American
Indians have developed their own eco-ethics. This paper attempts to make a comparative
study into their eco-ethics from such perspectives as their natural outlooks, religious
15
philosophies, lifestyles, institutional cultures and modern reflections. Meanwhile
enlightenments of their eco-ethics on the environmental protection of modern Sichuan are
also discussed in this paper.
6. The Inspiration of the Running Model of American B&B Accommodation on the
Rural Tourism Lodging in Tacheng Wei Xi Yunnan
Author: TAN Yumei, Sichuan University
Abstract: The farmhouse Bed-and-Breakfast is a family owned inn that provides the
lodging and free breakfast for the guests. It is different from the traditional and
standardized hotel, which gives different feeling and surprise to the guests. Nowadays, it
is very popular among the rural tourists in the western world, especially in the European
countries. This paper studies the running characteristics and model of a farmhouse
bed-and-breakfast in Annapolis, the capital city of Maryland in America. The paper aims
to borrow the simplicity and flexibility of B&B in America and analyzes the feasibilities
of developing farmhouse Bed-and-Breakfast in the minority areas of Tacheng Wei Xi,
Yunnan Province in terms of location advantages, natural resources advantages, cultural
resources advantages, guest source, transportations, the subjective wishes of the villagers,
the problems of the local accommodation. Developing the farmhouse B&B will strengthen
the villagers’ reorganization of their natural and cultural resources, and awaken their
cultural self-consciousness, and the villagers run the business during their leisure time to
increase their income as well.
In the end, according to the local practical situation, the writer proposes the
suggestions for the lodging development in the ethnic minority areas in terms of the
architectural style, sanitary condition, characteristic cuisine, the experience of the local
culture and management of the farmhouse B&B.
7. Dance with Culture
Author: MAO Yarui, Sichuan University
Abstract: Dance, as a historic treasure, has been developed with the history and culture.
Regarded as the living fossil, the art of dance has witnessed the development of history
and the characteristics of culture. This paper attempts to make a comparison of the culture
between the Indians in Arizona and Yi people in Sichuan province from the perspective of
the dancing art, including the style, the type and the connotation of dance.
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Panel One: Southwestern areas and American studies
Session Two: Economy and Community
Time: 15:45-17:45, November 9th & 8:30-9:30, November 10th
Venue: The 3rd Floor Conference Room, Kehuayuan Hotel
Discussants: Christine Szuter, Eugene Clay
8. Deep History of Food in the American Southwest: Points of Convergence for
Comparison with Southwest China
Author: Christine Szuter, Arizona State University
Abstract: The deep history of food in the American Southwest began with Pleistocene
big-game hunters. Archaeologists have recovered Clovis stone spear points embedded
in the bones of a mammoth in southeastern Arizona dating to 11,000 years ago. These
early hunters may have ultimately played a key role in the extinction of mammoths and
other megafauna through overhunting according to geoscientist Paul Martin.
With the extinction of megafauna the native populations continued to hunt large and
small game and gather plants, seeds, and nuts. Agriculture became part of these early
food systems when maize (corn) was transported from Mesoamerica to the Southwest
(Merrill et al. 2009) more than 4,000 years ago. Corn changed the desert southwest:
irrigation canals were built, people became more sedentary, and populations increased.
This deep history of the American Southwest is shallow compared to the much
deeper history of human occupation of Southwest China. Nonetheless, the food systems
of both regions were dramatically transformed by what Alfred Crosby called the
Columbian Exchange: the spread of animals, plants, insects, and diseases worldwide
after Columbus “discovered” the Americas in 1492. Charles Mann argues that this
ecological revolution created the first wave of globalization and that China’s landscape
and agriculture were irrevocably altered by the introduction of corn and sweet potatoes,
crops domesticated in the Americas.
The cuisines of both regions continue to change and evolve as influences from
across each countries’ borders influenced the foods that ultimately define Southwestern
or Sichuan cooking. Through an examination of the food systems of the American
Southwest various questions will be posed as a way to approach a cross-cultural
comparison with China. How did each regions’ different deep histories impact the
current food systems of each country? How did the diversity of cultures in these lands
influence choices in food preferences? How did the Columbian Exchange of animals
and plants fundamentally alter both societies? Finally, how are past food
systems—gardening, farmers’ markets, and local food production--able to be sustained
or recreated today within a system dominated by worldwide agribusiness?
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9. The Image of West China in US Media : a Case Study of “VOA”
Author: ZHAO Yi, Sichuan University
Abstract: The small number of US news reports upon West China, in general, focuses
upon sensitive topics concerning Tibet and Xinjiang in a most negative way, which has
reflected part of China’s image in US media. This tendency of US media also manifests
their responsibilities and duties for US national strategies, which lead to the “stereotyped
image” of China’s western areas in US media. The prejudice of US media upon West
China may have been from the commercialization and privatization of US media and the
American mass cultures as well. Thus, as far as the principles of equality and mutual
respect are concerned, it is absolutely essential for the news agencies of developed nations
to exhibit the developing ones in a more objective and fair perspective, which is necessary
to seek common grounds while reserving difference, to attune harmony with diversity for
a better win-win and coexisting global village.
10. Utopian Communities on the Southwestern Frontiers of the US and China
Author: Eugene Clay, Arizona State University
Abstract: The southwestern regions of China and of the United States are both frontier
territories where settlers have formed new communities, developed new ideas about social
organization, and created innovative networks of human and material resources in order to
meet the difficult challenges of daily life. This paper compares two utopian communities:
the Spiritual Christian Molokans of early twentieth-century Arizona and the Celestial
Master of late second-century southwestern China.
In the late summer 1911, a group of 170 Russian immigrants arrived in Glendale,
Arizona, to establish a Christian agrarian colony on the outskirts of the state capital,
Phoenix. A persuaded movement of pacifist religious dissenters, the Spiritual Christian
Jumpers (also known as the Molokans), had fled from Russia to Arizona, by way of
California, to avoid military conscription. The Spiritual Christians had originally broken
away from the Russian Orthodox Church in the 1760s, when a group of state peasants in
central Russia rejected Orthodox sacraments, fasts, hierarchy, and rituals. Instead, they
contended that the true church was made of ribs and flesh, not wood and stone; the true
image of God was found in the living people, not in icons; and the true sacraments were
spiritual, not physical. Calling themselves "Spiritual Christians," they were later tagged
with the moniker "Molokan" because they drank milk [moloko] on fast days when dairy
products were forbidden to Orthodox Christians. In the 1830s, the Russian state began
exiling there "most harmful" heretics of the Caucasian frontier, and it was from the
Caucasus that the first Molkan settlers to the United States arrived in California in 1904.
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Settling in Los Angeles and San Francisco, many Spiritual Christians longed to return an
agrarian life, and one such group decided to move to Arizona 1911. They came with high
hopes; one of their prophets, Maksim Gavrilovich Rudometkin (1832?-1877) had spoken
in hauntingly beautiful images of the terrestrial kingdom that the faithful would inherit
after struggling against the beast of false religion.
In many respects, the history of the Arizona Spiritual Christians echoes that of the
"Five Pecks of Rice" (Wudoumi) utopian community formed by Zhang Lu on the
southwestern Chinese frontier in southwestern China in the late second century. Zhang
Lu's grandfather, Zhang Daoling (34?-156?), had moved from Jiangsu province on the
eastern coast to the more remote and ethnically diverse province of Sichuan. Attributing
his doctrines to his grandfather, Zhanglu, like the Spiritual Christians of Arizona, sought
to create a virtuous communal society in which all would cooperate to care for the needy
and advance the common good. Zhang's movement, which also came to be known as the
Way of the Celestial Masters, evolved into one of the most important forms of Daoism.
This comparative study explores the relationship of the frontier to the development of
these two utopian communal societies. Situated between two different ecologies, the
liminal region of the southwestern frontiers in China and in the United States helped
shaped the social imaginaries of these two religious societies.
11. Chinese in Arizona Economy and Community: Historical Overview and
Contemporary Assessment
Author: Wei LI
Xiao Jie LI, Arizona State University
Abstract: As a border state with Mexico and an inland state adjacent to a Pacific Rim
state and largest immigrant gateway, California, the state of Arizona has continuously
attracted Chinese immigrants and U.S. born Chinese Americans alike. The Chinese have
played important roles in the Arizona economy and communities, historically and
contemporarily, as both highly- and lower-skilled laborers, and business owners and
entrepreneurs. Significant changes have occurred in the past two decades as the result of
development and growth of knowledge-based economy that attracts large numbers and
different types of Chinese migrants. However, other than a book chapter and a few articles
on historical Chinese communities, no academic work has addressed the contemporary
dynamics of this community. Moreover, despite some existing work on the overall Arizona
Asian American communities (including W. Li’s own), none of the existing work is
focusing on the economic experiences and impacts of Chinese in Arizona. Our paper
intends to fill this literature gap and provides some ground work for future systematic
comparative studies on Arizona versus Sichuan in terms of the roles of migrants (internal
or international) in economic development and community growth, and the opportunities
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and challenges associated with changing the economy and community. This research takes
on even greater importance given current discussions about immigration reform in the
United States and the projected focus that will be placed on new talent recruitment and
retention.
Our paper will start with an overview on the historical development of Chinese
community in the border state of Arizona. It will be followed by a contemporary analysis
of the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of Chinese Americans and Chinese
immigrants in particular, while documenting the secondary migration from California to
Arizona and its impacts. We will then focus on Arizona State University as a case study, as
it has become a driver for Arizona economic development, and the increasing
Chinese-born students and faculty at ASU has provided a new angle for analyzing Chinese
immigration in recent decades. Based on our survey and interviews, we will discuss the
reasons in which these Chinese and Chinese Americans choose ASU to study or work,
their assessment of U.S. educational experiences, the key concerns in their career
development, their perceived future, and migration intention and behavior in Arizona or
elsewhere. We will conclude with some policy recommendations for both ASU and
Arizona as a whole. We anticipate our findings will not only have implications to SCU and
Sichuan, but also help Chinese students prepare for their prospected U.S. educational
experiences.
12. A Study of US-India Maritime Cooperation and its Implications
Author: ZHANG Chunyan, Sichuan University
Abstract: The formulating and evolution of US’Indian Ocean Policy influenced by
Mahan’s Sea power theory,regional strategy and national interests in the region.The basis
for making its Indian Ocean policy at its core is Mahan’s Sea Power theory,while its
Indian Ocean Policy always follows US regional and global strategy. While Obama
government “pivots to Asia”with high profile,the significance of its Indian Ocean police
plays important role in US Asia-Pacific strategy,even global strategy.This new momentum,
to some extent, reflects subtle changes of perception, defining and determining in Obama
administration and academic toward Asia-Pacific Security Pattern and Situation,indicating
the fast adjustment of Obama administration’s Indian Ocean policy.
13. The Illegal Immigration of Arizona and Its Affects on the Local Economy
Author: ZHANG Renfeng, Sichuan University
Abstract: As near to the northern province Sonoran of Mexico, the state of Arizona has
been attractting more and more illegal immigration from Mexico in recent years, which
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has not only provides cheap labor forces for the rapid development of the state, but brings
some unstable factors to local society. Problems such as increasing government fiscal
burden, decreasing employment, proliferation of drugs, deteriorating environment and so
on have severely affected the economic development of Arizona. Though the local
government has made great efforts to stop illegal immigration, little positive effect has
achieved due to many reasons. By studying the present situation of the illegal immigrants,
the reasons of illegal immigration and the deep influence to the local economy from the
immigration in Arizona, it can help us further understand and master the development
situation of American economy and society, and guide the economic development of
China’s border areas.
14. A Comparative Study of Sanxingdui Culture and Chicano Culture: On Their
"Blending Without Fusion" with Their Host Cultures
Author: ZHANG Sijing, Sichuan University
Abstract: Sanxingdui culture, the representative culture of southwest China, and Chicano
culture of southwest America, have both been shining from the past to the present. The
two cultures present their special cultural connotations, and exert more and more
important cultural influence. In spite of distance in time and space, Sanxingdui cuture and
Chicano culture share some similarities. First, they are both records of local development,
as well as crystallization of ethnic minorities’thoughts.Owing to the worship of their
culture, the local dwellers are urgently seeking for cultural identification. Second, the two
cultures try to retain their pecularity, and thus they bounce “in” and “out of”so-called host
culture. The essay is to analyse the characteristics of Sanxingdui culture and Chicano
culture, and to explain the reasons for, and cultural significance of their “blending without
meltdown”.
Panel Two: Literature and Culture in American Studies
Time: 13:30-15:30, November 9th & 8:30-9:30, November 10th
Venue: The 4th Floor Conference Room, Kehuayuan Hotel
Session One: Culture Studies
Discussants: ZHANG Tao, HONG Yun
15. American Missionaries and the Beginning of American Presence in Chongqing
Author: ZHANG Tao, Sichuan International Studies University
Abstract: American presence in Chongqing was initiated by American missionaries in
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1882. In the 20 years thereafter, missionaries maintained the only link between Chongqing
and the United States. As witnesses to and even participants in local social developments,
they published an abundance of press articles, citing personal experiences to construct the
earliest American image of Chongqing. The process also exposed missionaries’ inherent
cultural prejudice. Their activities simultaneously carried religious significance and
heralded the start of American interactions with Chongqing, drawing the city into the
larger network of Sino-American cultural communications.
16. The Architecture Style of Ethnic Groups in Southwest China in the Western
Missionaries' Perspective
Author: HONG Yun, Guizhou University
Abstract: Based on some related visual materials and the texts written by the Westerners
who had ever been to Guizhou as missionaries, this paper makes some analysis of the
descriptions of local ethnic group’s culture and tradition and gives us the picture of what
Old Guizhou was like in those western missionaries’ perspective at that time. It will be of
special value to know these detailed accounts of early contact between the West and
Guizhou ethnic groups or the history of Western missionaries.
17. Locusts, and Anchor Babies and Dogs, Oh My!: Visual and Rhetorical Strategies
Used by Anti-Mainland Activists in Hong Kong and Anti-Mexican Immigrant
Activists in the US
Author: Melissa Fitch, University of Arizona
Abstract: This paper traces the strikingly similar visual and rhetorical strategies used by
the Anti-Chinese Mainland activists in Hong Kong and the anti-Mexican immigrant
activists in the United States. These are found on-line (circulated primarily in Social
Media), in print media, in material culture (in the form of tee-shirts and buttons) and in the
signs and slogans used during public protests. I argue that the rise of social media has
radically transformed the ways in which activists are able to transmit information to those
they are trying to incite to action, specifically in the form of "memes", which is to say, an
image that is circulated an infinite number of times and in multiple ways. Memes mutate,
and with each iteration, much like a virus, meaning is transformed. The meme to be
discussed at length is that of the "locust", and it stems originally from a full-page ad taken
out in a newspaper in Hong Kong in January of 2012, one that compared mainland visitors
to the insect and detailed the perceived abuses suffered by Hong Kong natives by the
Chinese visitors. This particular meme circulated so rapidly online that soon it became the
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image that was associated with all anti-Chinese sentiments in Hong Kong. At the same
time, it was taken by many mainland Chinese to express their own frustrations at problems
in their cities (including migration from rural areas). Finally, it was used humorously by
still other mainland Chinese online, playfully diffusing it of the original incendiary
meaning. The paper details how in a similar fashion immigrant rights groups in the United
States have upended anti-Mexican immigrant discourse and visual cues in their own
activism. The paper fits squarely within the field of Cultural Studies in that it addresses the
production and consumption of cultural manifestations during a time of increased
globalization and transnationalism. It engages a number of critical theories, including
those on the Bhabha's "Third Space", a concept that works well to describe both regions,
as well as those related to Pratt's "contact zones." Beyond this, the paper explores the way
that Jenkins "Media Convergence" may be used to understand the complex, dynamic, and
mind-numbingly fast ways in which culture is transforming, a time in which consumers
--historically relegated to a somewhat passive position as mere recipients of the materials
produced by the culture industry-- are now, in fact, co-creators of meaning, able to make
and circulate their own particular views in a matter of minutes. These views, circulating
through the internet in the virtual world, have translated into direct and often immediate
action in the forms of public protests in the "real" world.
18. On the Medical Work of American Missionary Albert Shelton in Batang before
1922 and His Contribution to Modern Eastern Tibet
Author: ZHAO Aidong, Sichuan University
Abstract: Albert Shelton was an American medical Missionary to Batang in Eastern Tibet or Khams,
China from 1908 to 1922. He played an important role in introducing western medicine to Eastern
Tibet at the start of last century. As one of the pioneers practicing western medicine and operating the
Dilts Memorial Hospital in Batang, he had also made a great contribution to local society. He was
praised by the Western press as “a revered doctor, respected diplomat, and fearless adventurer”. To the
American public, he was “Daniel Boone, Wyatt Earp, and the apostle Paul on a new frontier”. This
paper discusses Shelton’s medical practice in Batang and contribution to modern Eastern Tibet by
employing relevant historical English documents available in the U.S. such as memoirs, Shelton’s
biography, the Shelton archive, Chinese articles written by native scholars of Batang, and materials
obtained in the field study. A case study of Shelton will help us better understand Americans’ activities
and roles in the social development of modern west China.
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19. The U.S. Peace Corps in Southwest China
Author: Chris Tebbe, Sichuan University
Abstract: The Peace Corps is a U.S. volunteer organization that was established by
President John F. Kennedy in 1961. In 1993 the first group of Peace Corps Volunteers
arrived in the People's Republic of China to teach at teachers colleges throughout SW
China. This year marks the 20th anniversary of Peace Corps in SW China. The speaker, a
former Peace Corps Volunteer in Sichuan, will briefly discuss the focus of Peace Corps
and its work in SW China.
20. Center for American Culture in the Perspective of Cultural Diplomacy
Author: YANG Guang, Sichuan University; Jannelle Warren-Fridley, Arizona State
University
Abstract: Cultural diplomacy is a special kind of diplomatic activity adopted by
governmental or non-governmental organizations to implement their certain goals. Center
for American Culture (CAC) is an American imitation of Confucius Institute with a mode
of using various sources to spread American culture among Chinese intellectuals. It is a
reflection of American tradition of cultural expansion. It is also an embodiment of the
idealistic and realistic thought of U.S. cultural diplomacy. Its purpose is to enhance
Chinese intellectuals’ acceptance of American value. This article is to analyze the
motivation of the establishment of CAC and some of its features in carrying out its goals.
It also points out that certain strategies should be taken to handle the CAC influence.
21. Survivors' Games and Survival in Games: On the Cultural Symbols in American
Reality TV Show Survivor
Author: LV Qi, Sichuan University
Abstract: By adopting John Thompson’s ideological analysis of cultural texts and using
Survivor, a popular American Reality TV show, as the object of case study, this thesis will
analyze what a central role the realness of the participants' bodies and identities has played
in constructing a complicated symbolic system and how, ultimately, the messages
conveyed in the survivors' games and through the survival in games help the show
function ideologically. Through this analysis, this thesis also tries to look into the
multi-dimentional relationship between today's American TV, its audience and American
culture.
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22. A Brief Analysis on the Origin of Private Gun Ownership in America
Author: DOU Jie, University of International Relations
Abstract: Private gun ownership has been a part of American culture since Great Britain
sent settlers to North America in the early 1600s. After the establishment of the United
States of America, the founders ratified the Second Amendment, which contains two
distinct phrases: It states that “the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be
infringed (limited).”However, the prevalence of violent crime in the country has sparked
repeated public cries for stronger federal gun control laws. But such laws face equally
vocal opposition from those who believe passionately in the individual’s right to defend
one’s self and family.
Panel Two: Culture and Literature in American Studies
Session Two: American Literature
Time: 15:45-17:45, November 9th & 8:30-9:30, November 10th
Venue: The 4th Floor Conference Room, Kehuayuan Hotel
Session One: Culture Studies
Discussants: DUAN Junhui, WANG Qingjiang
23. Public Space and the Making of American Intellectuals in 1950s and 60s: A
Comparative Study of Beat Writers and New York Intellectuals
Author: DUAN Junhui, Sichuan International Studies University
Abstract: Every city has its own unique beauty, its specific urban formation process, its
special spectrum of immigrants and corresponding cultural heritages, which help to create
peculiar urban public spaces open especially to people who have congenial temperaments.
This paper intends to delineate the relationship between public spaces in San Francisco
and New York respectively and their roles in shaping the two distinct groups of American
Intellectuals in 1950s and 60s.
24. The Establishment of the 9/11 Literature in America
Author: WANG Qingjiang, Kunming University of Science and Technology
Abstract: The 9/11 literature has appeared as a new literary genre 11 years after the 9/11
terrorist attack and will play a significant role in shaping the new millennial US literature.
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This thesis deals with research on the novel subjects of 9/11 terrorist attack and attempts
to prove the new literary kinds in 6 aspects: (1)how literature is connected with 9/11
events; (2)the existence of 9/11 literature; (3)the defining attempts of 9/11 literature; (4)
the literary criticism of 9/11 literature; (5) a brief accounts of Richard Gray,’s After the
Fall: American Literature Since 9/11; (6) the establishment of 9/11literature.
25. A Comparative Study on the Intellectual Images in Chinese and American
Literature-----Take the Novels Herzog and Fortress Besieged as Examples
Author: DUAN Libin, Sichuan Normal University
Abstract: When we examine the history of human development, it is evident that progress
in civilization and technology always brings the change of social structure and living style,
which shows the great power of knowledge. However, the social status of the elite and
intellectuals with rich knowledge often faces ebb and flow and tends to be isolated. We are
concerned about the fate and mission of the isolated intellectuals in modern transitional
society. So this paper first discusses the definition of intellectuals, then based on Saul
Bellow’s Herzog and Zhongshu Qian’s Fortress Besieged, it comparatively studies the
intellectuals’ images in Chinese and American literature, analyzing the similarities and
differences in their social environment, character, philosophy, love affairs, and their
predicament, etc. , and exploring the way intellectuals stick to their beliefs, adapt to the
trend of social development, and lead common people to build their beautiful spiritual
world, under the condition that the society is more and more prosperous in economy but
faces a sharp decline in traditional virtues and human spirits.
26. On Symbolism, Existentialism and Alienation in Invisible Man
Author: LEI Jianguo, Sichuan Normal University
Abstract: The African-American novel Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison reflects the race
discrimination and the African-American people’s struggle and resistance against the
discrimination in American society, and meanwhile exposes and castigates various
opportunists emerged from the African-American movement pre-and-post the World War
II. With symbolism, existentialism, and theory of alienation Ellison creates a group of
modern African-American figures of various social strata Through analysis of the novle’s
characters, this author explores the alienation and anti-alienation of African-American,
their loses of personality and self-nature, and self-nature, and the processes of
self-consciousness and self-exploration of African-American.
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27. Studies on American Southern Trauma Fiction
Author:WANG Xin, Sichuan University
Abstract: The Twentieth century saw a flowering of the American Southern Renaissance
which was nurtured by the disruptive memory of its history. As participants in the
unfolding history of the South, the Southern writers were not only willing and active
consumers of southern collective memories, but also speakers for the traumatic past of the
region. Traumatic memory plays an important role on two levels in these writing: on the
plane of motif the novel locates trauma in terms of individual and collective memories,
where trauma activates the Southerners’ retrospection and interpretation of the past; while
on the plane of narrative form, trauma expresses conditions of belatedness, repetition,
dissociation and latency of characters’ psychological sufferings. The Southern writers rely
on distinctive techniques, such as flashback, duration of time and stream of consciousness,
to represent the traumatic memory and to demonstrate the painstaking self-shaping of the
south. In light of these common characteristics, this body of work will be characterized as
the fiction of trauma in this dissertation. The Southern trauma novel demonstrates how a
traumatic event disrupts attachments between the self and others by violating the social
and traditional order.
28. A Great Reality—Willa Cather and American Southwest
Author: LI Li, Sichuan University
Abstract: “Just as there is no place without a body,” writes Edward S. Casey, “So there is
no body without place….We are embodied in place….” Such a geographical awareness is
best displayed in Willa Cather’s writing. In the year of 1912, she had her first encounter
with American southwest and fell in love with its quiet, solemn beauty immediately. Willa
Cather was deeply touched by the artistic sense of residents on this legendary land: ancient
and modern Indians, Mexicans, European immigrants. Ever since then, she kept coming
back to its calling. American southwest was no longer an elusive image or empty symbol
as in her early stories. Instead, it turned into Thea Kronberg’s Panther Canyon, Tom
Outland’s Blue Mesa, and Archbishop Latour’s diocese in New Mexico desert. These
spaces provide the heroes not only inspiration and consolation，but also enlightenment and
spiritual catharsis. Through a critical reading of the interaction between man and nature in
The Song of the Lark, The Professor’s House, and Death Comes for the Archbishop, this
paper points out that the spirit embodied in American southwest has become “a great
reality”(words by D.H.Lawrence), promoting the heroes’ development and perfection of
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character, helping them transcend from mundane life to spiritual freedom.
29. What does Nature Mean to Human? --A Contrastive Analysis of the Views on
Nature between Transcendentalism and Literary Naturalism
Author: XIONG Li, Hubei Minzu University
Abstract: In the literature of American transcendentalism and naturalism, the relationship
between human and nature is an important topic. Although both appeared in America in
19th century, their views on nature are quite different. Transcendentalist view is
essentially optimistic, whereas naturalist view is relatively pessimistic. This resulted from
their specific historical and intellectual backgrounds, in which the environmental factor
played the most important role. Nowadays, environmental problems have become more
serious. It is the time for our modern people to think better of the relationship between
human and nature.
30. The Analysis of Growing up in Song of Solomon
Author: LIU Li, Sichuan Normal University
Abstract: "Song of Solomon" is the third novel of African-American writer Toni
Morrison, which won the 1993 Nobel Prize for Literature. In this work, the writer shows
the growth of the young generation of American Africans in the affluent materialistic
society and ubiquitous white culture atmosphere through the hero nicknamed "Milkman".
This paper is an attempt to reveal the deep-rooted excellent national spirit in
African-American folk culture from generation to generation which supports the American
national development.
31.The Apotheosis of African-American Women— On the Image of Pilate’s Mother
in Song of Solomon
Author: XIAO Dana, Sichuan Normal University
Abstract: Since the publish of The Emancipation Proclamation, African-American
women have long being passive and helpless in a male-dominated society where they
suffered a huge press and exploited by men both in soul and flesh. However, in AfricanAmerican culture, only when a girl becomes a mother can she acquire “womanhood”.
Thus it can be seen that mother figure is of significant importance in African- American
culture. In her famous novel Song of Solomon , Toni Morrison largely focused on the
description and explanation of the image of mother via the role of Pilate. In different ways,
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the character of Pilate, give Milkman courage, strength and most enlightenment. She is a
typical example of “other mothers”. She makes great contribution and sacrifice to fulfill
Milkman’s spiritual evaluation. She is both keeper and inheritor of Black people’s
traditional culture. Although she’s poor materially, she’s actually rich spiritually. Through
the description of several ordinary but shocking stories, Toni Morrison presents readers a
selfless and strong-convicted mother figure. He apotheosized the image of Pilate
imperceptibly and thus extended a great respect to those black women who showed an
extraordinary responsibility and spirit of self-sacrifice in difficult situations.
32. Obstacle in the Communication Between Real Readers and the Text: A
Reader-Response Criticism of The Bostonians
Author: LIU Shimeng, Sichuan University
Abstract: By applying Hans Robert Jauss' "horizon of expectation" and Wolfgang Iser's
"the implied reader", this paper tries to explain why The Bostonians by Henry James was
not welcomed by critics of both sides of the Atlantic. Combing reviews given by critics on
its first-time publication with examples from the novel and from "The Art of Fiction", this
paper finds out that by this novel James aims to achieve his artistic ideals, but does not
take enough consideration of his readers, which causes that the real readers' horizon of
expectation cannot be reconciled with the intended reading directed by the implied reader.
And newspaper, at that time, rose as the rival of serious novels, which would also affect
real readers' horizon of expectation. Thus, the obstacle in the communication between real
readers and the text, in a way, is due to the conflict between the horizon of expectation and
the implied reader's guidance.
33. A Different Construction: the Cultural Significance of Cather’s Frontier Myth--A
Comparative Reading between My Antonia and Turner’s Frontier Thesis
Author: SUN Lu, East China Normal University
Abstract: My Antonia points to Cather’s feminine rather than feministic frontier myth,
which not only represents the pioneer women’s subversive but contained frontier life
struggles confronted with the stereotypical masculine discourse of the American West, but
also exhibits a pluralistic frontier prospect. Through a comparative reading between My
Antonia and Turner’s frontier thesis, it could be noted that Cather has conducted a “penal
appropriation” of Turner’s frontier discourse, thus achieving a negotiation with the other
discourses in American history and society, participating in the construction of the
meaning of the American West and even American culture.
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34. A Tentative Study of the Feminism Characteristics in Chicana Literature
Author: Yan Yupei, Sichuan University
Abstract: Chicano Culture is one of the most representative cultures in South-west
American. Together with Black Literature, Asian Literature and Jewish Literature, it
belongs to one of the most important components of American pluralistic culture. As
minority culture, from the beginning of its birth, Chicano culture is initiated with
distinctive nationalism. On one hand, it unfolds the theme of mythology and natural
advocating of Indian descent embodied in Mexican Culture; on the other hand, under the
influence of American mainstream culture, to pursue the equality and identity, Chicano
Culture expresses its national characteristics. Chicana, representing the female writers’
literary expectation in Chicano literature, with the effects of nationalism, it shows some
obvious features differed from American white mainstream culture. Above all, the
female heroines in Chicana literature shoulders more diversified responsibilities, not only
fighting against the Mexican patriarchy society, but also possessing a more forceful
nationalism safeguarding; besides, Chicana literature makes use of many mythologies to
strengthen the theme and finally, the females in Chicana literature are confronted with
more distinctive contradictions on their way to look for self-identification. This paper
attempts to explore the feminism characteristics in Chicana literature with the analysis of
some details in The House on Mango Street and Bless Me, Ultima.
Graduate Students Forum
Time: 19:30-21:00, November 9th
Venue: Room 215, College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Sichuan University
Discussants: MaryJo Lee
35. Sino-American Contrast of Western Countryside Curriculum Structure and
Value Orientation in the Primary Education
Author: KOU Jin, Yan'an University
Abstract：Elementary education plays a primary role in training qualified personnel and
improving national quality. It is the core to perfect education system by improving
elementary education quality. However, the most important thing of the educative reform
is to strengthen the elementary education in rural area. As the typical education examples
in western and eastern countries, United States and China have distinct curriculum
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structure in the western rural elementary education, and there is also great reference
significance for both countries. Form the aspects of the curriculum development subjects,
curriculum implementation, arrangement and contents, etc. of the two countries’ rural
elementary education, analyzing the structure diversity; revealing the value orientation
behind curriculum structure, discussing the cultivation objects of the United States
elementary education which focuses on the character development and introspecting on
the limitation that great importance is attached to the collectivity meanwhile the individual
is ignored in our country at present, we could find something worthy of our reflection in
the elementary education reform, therefore.
36. Comparative Study on Chinese and American Higher Education Systems in
Southwest Areas
Author: LIU Tingting, Yan'an University
Abstract：American higher education is in the forefront of the world，Their school has a
long history, large scale, in the recruitment system of management system of educational
philosophy in such aspects as students develop distinction. Our country is a developing
country, the development of higher education is relatively lags behind, the development of
higher education in the United States experience for our country's higher education has
very important reference and inspiration effect.This article by comparison the Sichuan
province in southwest China and the Arizona in United States school of higher education
system, education concept of the comparison of the enrollment system staff hiring, etc,
can clear understanding to the advantages and problems of Sichuan higher education, and
learn at the same time, strengthen exchanges and cooperation. Southwest in order to
improve our country's higher education quality and promoting the development of
southwest regional higher education forward.
37. The Revelation of Place-based Learning in Rural American for the Development
of School-based Curriculum in Primary and Secondary Schools in Rural China
Author: LIU Yaxi, Yan'an University
Abstract：Place-based learning of American rural areas is a learning method that rooted in
local, a particular place, featuring special history, environment, culture, and economy.
Community provides students learning context and its members serve as resources and
partners in teaching and learning. In return, students are focusing on community’s needs
and interests. This learning method combines students’ interests with worthy places,
which enriching students learning and achievements, meanwhile, helping people to be
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respected and live well. Rural education is the core of China’s education system, though
China has been implemented “3-Grade Courses”, there still exists problems, such as dated
educational idea, unsubstantial teachers and insufficient funds. Meanwhile, it is very
crucial for our rural primary and secondary schools to learn from the place-based learning
of American rural areas.
38. The Contrast Research about Graduate Education in Southwest China and the
United States——Take Sichuan University and Arizona State University for Example
Author: WANG Ying, Yan’an University
Abstract：There is a big difference in many ways at the postgraduate education of China
and the United States. Sichuan University and Arizona state university are very influential
in southwest China and the United States. Based on the two universities, this article has a
comparative study on several aspects such as two universities entrance selection, graduate
education, and degree awarded, and reflects on our country graduate education work and
puts forward some concrete suggestions.
39. General research on the problems and Countermeasures of education curriculum
in Colleges and universities in the West
Author: WEN Baobao, Yan'an University
Abstract：General education is a breakthrough in China's reform of colleges and
Universities. The western region of our country reforms in Colleges and universities
should promote the development of general education to improve the level and quality
standard of the Western Regions.Strengthening of western college's general education has
a positive significance on different levels of colleges and universities in the Western
Regions.With the development of general education in China's gradual
development,Western Local Universities seize this opportunity to adapt to this trend of
development towards high level university to the west to the world first-class
university,the general institutions of higher learning and the development of local colleges
and universities domestic first-class university direction.The reform of the western
university general education is the key problem of university curriculum setting. Problems
of western university general education curriculum are no concept into university groups
in Colleges and universities through;the goal of positioning is not clear;the general
curriculum is numerous and jumbled;the content of general education is a single;General
education curriculum implementation is not sufficiently rigorous.In order to solve this
problem,Western universities should thoroughly implement the idea of general education
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and
change
the
old
though;General
education
curriculum
system,
scientific,
school-based;General curriculum content and traditional Chinese culture with diversified;
Colleges and universities should improve the teaching standard and strict teaching
program to ensure the effectiveness of the curriculum implementation.
40. Discussion on the Implementation of Cooperative Learning in Secondary Schools
in the Rural Areas of the Southwest Border
Author: YANG Chunling, Yan'an University
Abstract：Cooperative learning is based on the heterogeneous group. It mainly takes
advantage of the interaction between the teaching dynamic factors to promote the student
learning level. At last the group stores will be it’s evaluation standard. Also we can say the
members in each group should try to achieve the teaching goal together. The new
curriculum reform advocates using the cooperative learning. In our border rural areas, the
middle school curriculum also requires the students to use this new learning method.
However, in the implementation process there are so many problems and obstacles need to
be solved. Firstly, this new method is being distorted and is going to be formalism.
Secondly, teachers often pay more attention to the cooperation results while ignoring the
process. Thirdly, as the traditional teaching it also emphasize teachers but not the main
status of the students. Fourthly, though more and more students have realized the
importance of it, they are seriously lacking of the cooperative skills. And then the short of
the education resources also restrict the implementation. Therefore in order to form the
characteristic teaching in our frontier rural area, let’s base on our border’s present situation
and study the effective experience form the foreign rural areas. What’s more, we must
strengthen both the theoretical exploration and the practical reflection.
41. Comparison and Analysis on the Primary School Education in the Western
Region of China and the United States under the Perspective of Culture
Author: TIAN Yuhui, Yan'an University
Abstract：As the spiritual pillar of a country and nation, culture has a profound influence
on education. There is a huge difference in the education of China and the United States,
under the cultural dimensions of power distance, personal standard and national standard ,
competition and share ,change and stability. As the basis of education, the status and
importance of primary school education is self-evident. Taking China and America as
representative countries, this dissertation makes a comparative study on the education
curriculum, teaching methods and students' burden in western primary school education,
based on the different aspects of cultural dimensions. Not only this can draw upon and
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benefit from each other to achieve common development, but also offer reference to
reforms on Chinese primary school education.
42. International Communication in Southwest China: Inspiration Brought by the
Two Protagonists in David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly
Author: CHEN Fengchao, Sichuan University
Abstract：In recent years, with the rising of China’s international status and closer
relationship between China and the world, Southwest China is becoming more and more
open to the outside world. Due to the differences in Eastern and Western cultures, some
conflicts can hardly be avoided. Foreign citizens of Chinese origin are well aware of that
and have created a series of excellent works which reflect those conflicts and may bring
inspirations on the international communication in Southwest China. Chinese American
playwright David Henry Hwang’s representative work M. Butterfly is just such a work
worth reading, analyzing and reflecting under the circumstance that we live in an age
when there is increasingly close communication between the East and the West and that
mutual understanding between these two sides becomes rather imperative. Through
analyzing the two protagonists’ gains and losses respectively, this thesis attempts to
discuss who wins in their relationship which is mingled by love and politics. By analyzing
the script and referring to others’ comments, one conclusion that both are winners and
losers at the same time can be drawn. This thesis aims not to argue whether the East or the
West is superior, but to arouse reflections of both sides, especially to bring inspirations on
the international communication of Southwest China in this increasingly globalized and
diversified world, to get rid of the stereotype with each other and to enhance mutual
understanding so as to communicate more efficiently and effectively.
43. Dream of Freedom: An Analysis of the Story of an Hour from a Feminist
Perspective
Author: QIN Huifang, Sichuan University
Abstract: As a famed 19th century American novelist, Kate Chopin sets most of her
novels in Louisiana, a southern border state of the United States. She describes female
protagonists’ suffering of oppression in male-dominated families and their inner desires as
well, most of whom are rebellious and dream of freedom. It is The Story of an Hour that
shapes such a typical heroine. In the story Mrs. Mallard is immersed in the joy of her
husband’s death and imagines her free life; nevertheless, an hour later the sudden
appearance of her husband leads to Mrs. Mallard’s disillusion and death. This essay, from
the perspective of feminist criticism, analyzes Kate Chopin’s short story The Story of an
Hour. With the methodology of female discourse and culture, the paper presents a close
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reading of the primary source and further discusses the main and minor characters. It
focuses on Mrs. Mallard who loves freedom, embodying a woman’s determination and
courage in the pursuit of freedom.
44. An Analysis of the Causes of Tragic Fate of Sister Carrie
Author: ZOU Jianli, Sichuan University
Abstract: Sister Carrie, a controversial novel by Theodore Dreiser, has long been studied
since it was published in 1900. From then on, many researches have been carried out.
Nevertheless, Carrie is the focus of study. In this thesis, the author’s main purpose is to
analyze the causes of Carrie’s tragic life. The reason will be divided into the following two
aspects, the internal and external factors. The external factors include the influence of the
American Dream and the ruthless fact of poverty. As for the internal factors, there are
Carrie’s defect character and her insatiable desire, which lead to her tragic life. In
conclusion, through the study of the causes of Carrie’s tragic life, the reader can have a
comprehensive and better understanding of the history, the society and the people’s life at
that particular time.
45. Fitzgerald: The Real Representative of the Jazz Age — an Interpretation of The
Great Gatsby from New Historicism Perspective
Author: WU Qiufeng, Sichuan University
Abstract: Written in 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby is often referred to as
"The Great American Novel", and as the quintessential work which captures the mood of
the "Jazz Age". It evokes the texture of its time so richly and vividly that it becomes a
supplementary or even substitute from history. With the study on historic events under the
concept of Textuality of History, authentic historic context is reconstructed to illustrate the
failure of American Dream. From the analysis of Fitzgerald's writing background,
Historicity of Texts is well reflected in The Great Gatsby. By analyzing Textuality of
History and Historicity of Text of The Great Gatsby, it is well concluded that Fitzgerald is
the real representative of the Jazz Age, and even his fate is closely linked with this "Gilded
Age".
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46.Sexual Theme: Physical Overindulgence and Spiritual Pursuit --Body Narrative i
n Kerouac’s On the Road
Author: TONG Jia, Sichuan University
Abstract: On the Road, known as the Bible of the Beat Generation (BG, or Beats), is a
masterpiece of the American write―Jack Kerouac.“On the road”refers to a journey
without starting and ending points; it is a suspending condition before arriving at
destination. The whole story is composed of four travels. In each travel, the most striking
features of the Beats, including the pursuit of freedom, the drug-abuse, the addiction to the
Jazz music and sex, are vividly exposed by the body description of the heroes. The aim of
this paper is to explore the sexual theme of this novel through the analysis of the main
character―Dean Majority from the perspective of body narrative so as to better
understand his life and thoughts and further comprehend the beats. On the surface, the life
style of the beats is anti-traditional, escapism and bohemian. But in the deep sense, we
will find that their way of life is a hoot-blooded pursuit of the freedom.
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