Section 3.3:
Carbon Compounds
Building Blocks of Cells
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The parts of a cell are made up of large, complex molecules, often called _______________.
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Large, complex biomolecules are built from a few _______________________________ units arranged in
an extremely precise way.
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The basic unit of most biomolecules contain atoms of _______________. Carbon atoms can form
________________ bonds with as many as _______________ other atoms.
Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates are molecules made of _______________________.
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A sugar contains _______________________________________________________ in a ratio of 1:2:1.
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___________________ is a common sugar found in grape juice.
Carbohydrates
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Glucose is a ___________________________________, or “single sugar.”
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Two sugars can be linked to make a disaccharide.
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Many sugars can be linked to make a _____________________________________.
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Monosaccharides and disaccharides are considered simple carbohydrates. Polysaccharides are
considered complex carbohydrates.
Checkpoint
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What are biomolecules and what are they made up of?
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What is the basic component of biomolecules?
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What are carbohydrates made up of?
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What type of bonds do they form and up to how many can they form?
And what are these made up of?
Place the following sugars in order of smallest to largest sugars: polysaccharide, monosaccharide and
disaccharide.
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Which ones are considered simple and complex?
Carbohydrates
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Cells use carbohydrates for
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______________________________
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______________________________
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______________________________
Carbohydrates are a major source of energy for many organisms, including humans.
Carbohydrates
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_______________ and ______________________ are complex carbohydrates that provide support.
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Chitin is found in the shells of insects and the cell walls of mushrooms.
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Cellulose is found in the cell walls of plants.
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In a complex organism, cells recognize neighboring cells by the short, branched chains of varying sugar
units on their outer surface.
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Lipids are another class of biomolecules, which includes fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.
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Lipids consist of chains of _______________ atoms bonded to each other and to ______________ atoms.
Lipids
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This structure makes lipids repel ____________________.
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The main functions of lipids include storing energy and controlling water molecules.
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The main purpose of fats is to store _____________.
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Fats can store energy even more efficiently than ____________________________.
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The cell’s boundary is made of ________________________. The structure of cell membranes depends
on how this molecule interacts with water.
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Waxes, found on the surfaces of plants and aquatic bird feathers, help prevent evaporation of water
from the cells of the organism.
Lipids
Checkpoint
Carbohydrates
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What are 3 cellular uses for carbohydrates?
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What are 2 examples of complex carbohydrates and where are they found?
Lipids
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What are some examples of lipids?
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What do lipids consist of?
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What is 2 functions of Lipids?
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Where are waxes found and what is their function?
Proteins
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Proteins are chains of ________________________ that twist and fold into certain shapes that determine
what the proteins do.
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There are many types of proteins that perform many types of functions.
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Proteins may be involved in
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Structure
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Support
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Movement
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Communication
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Transportation
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carrying out chemical reactions
Proteins
Amino Acids
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A protein is a molecule made up of amino acids, building blocks that link to form proteins.
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Every amino acid has an _______________________ and a _________________________.
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Units of amino acids can form links called peptide bonds.
The side group gives an amino acid its unique properties.
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Twenty different amino acids are found in proteins.
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Checkpoint
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What are proteins made up of?
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What determines their function?
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List several activities that proteins may be involved in.
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What are the 3 parts that make up an amino acid?
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What is the name of the bonds that form in between amino acids?
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How many different types are there?
Nucleic Acids
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A nucleic acid is a long chain of ___________________________ units.
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A nucleotide is a molecule made up of three parts:
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a sugar
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a base
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a phosphate group.
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Nucleotides of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, contain the sugar deoxyribose.
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Nucleotides of ribonucleic acid, or RNA, contain the sugar ribose.
Nucleic Acids
Hereditary Information
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DNA molecules act as “__________________” for the processes of an organism’s life.
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DNA consists of ________________________ of nucleotides that ___________________ around each other.
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RNA also interacts with DNA to help decode the information.
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Nucleic acids _________________________________________ hereditary information.
Nucleic Acids
Energy Carriers
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Some single nucleotides have other important roles.
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Adenosine triphosphate, or ____________, is a nucleotide that has three phosphate groups and supplies
energy to cells.
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Energy is released in the reaction that ___________________________ the third phosphate group.
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Other single nucleotides transfer electrons or hydrogen atoms for other life processes.
Checkpoint
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Nucleic acids are made up of?
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These are made up of
2 examples of nucleic acids are?
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What is the difference between these two?
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What is the job of DNA and what does it look like?
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What is the function of nucleic acids?
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What is the example of a nucleic acid that stores energy?
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How is energy released?