Ch. 10 Vocabulary List Muslim Civilizations
Section 1
1. Bedouins – nomadic herders who lived in the Arabian desert
2. Muhammad – Muslim prophet born in Mecca around A.D. 570
3. Mecca – birthplace of the prophet Muhammad; most holy city for Islamic people
4. Yathrib – city that became Medina, or “city of the Prophet,” where Muhammad fled in 622
5. hijra – Muhammad’s trip from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) in 622
6. Medina – former city of Yathrib; city of the Prophet
7. Kaaba – holiest site in Islam; the temple where it is believed that Abraham prayed
8. Quran – the sacred text of Islam
9. mosque – Muslim house of worship
10. hajj – one of the Five Pillars of Islam, the pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims are expected to make at least
once in their lifetimes
11. jihad – in Islam, an effort in God’s service
12. Sharia – body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday
life
Section 2
13. Abu Bakr – Muhammad’s father-in-law, the first caliph
14. caliph – a successor to Muhammad
15. Sunni – a member of one of the largest Muslim sects; Sunnis believe that inspiration came from the example of
Muhammad as recorded by his early followers
16. Shiite – a member of one of the two major Muslim sects; believe that the descendents of Muhammad’s
daughter and son-in-law, Ali, are the true Muslim leaders
17. Sufis – Muslim mystics who seek communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals
18. Umayyads – members of a caliphate that united and greatly expanded the Muslim empire in the 700s
19. Abbasids – members of the dynasty that reigned from Baghdad during the flowering of Muslim culture, 750–
1252
20. Baghdad – the capital of the Abbasid dynasty, built on the Tigris River
21. minaret – a slender tower beside a mosque from which Muslims are called to prayer
22. sultan – a Muslim ruler
Section 3
23. social mobility – the ability to move up in social class
24. Firdawsi – poet known for his history of Persia, the Shah of Namah (Book of Kings)
25. Omar Khayyám – scholar, astronomer, and philosopher, best known for the Rubáiyát
26. calligraphy – art of beautiful handwriting
27. Ibn Rushd – a scholar who put all knowledge, except the Quran, to the test of reason
28. Ibn Khaldun – devised a set of standards for the scientific study of history; emphasized economics, social
structure, and avoiding bias
29. Al-Khwarizmi – a mathematician who pioneered the study of algebra
30. Muhammad al-Razi – studied measles and smallpox; taught to treat the mind as well as the body
31. Ibn Sina – wrote the Canon on Medicine, an encyclopedia of medicinal cures
Section 4
32. sultan –a Muslim ruler
33. Delhi – the city from which the sultans ruled India from 1206 to 1526
34. rajah – local Hindu ruler
35. Sikhism – a religion blending Islamic and Hindu beliefs that arose in northern India
36. Babur – military leader and poet who founded the Mughal dynasty
37. Mughal – Delhi sultanate established by Babur
38. Akbar – known as “Akbar the Great”; ruled the Mughal empire from 1556 to 1605
39. Nur Jahan – wife of Akbar’s son Jahangir, most powerful woman in pre–twentieth century India
40. Shah Jahan – ruled during the high point of Mughal literature, art, and architecture
41. Taj Mahal – a magnificent Muslim structure built as a tomb for Mumtaz Mahal, wife of Shah Jahan
Section 5
42. Ottomans – Turkish-speaking nomadic people who migrated from Central Asia to establish an empire from
Istanbul
43. Istanbul – formerly Constantinople; Ottoman capital
44. Suleiman – sultan during the Ottoman golden age; extended their rule deep into Europe
45. janizary – elite force of the Ottoman army
46. Safavid – Shiite Muslim dynasty; founded an empire in present-day Iran
47. shah – Safavid king
48. Shah Abbas – king of Safavid empire from 1588 to 1629; centralized the government
49. Isfahan – new capital built by Shah Abbas; became the center of the international silk trade
50. Qajars – dynasty that took control of Iran in the late 1700s
51. Tehran – new Iranian capital under the Qajars
Section 3
1. social mobility – the ability to move up in social class
2. Caligraphy
Section 4
3. Delhi – the city from which the sultans ruled India from 1206 to 1526
4. Babur – military leader and poet who founded the Mughal dynasty
5. Mughal – Delhi sultanate established by Babur
6. Akbar – known as “Akbar the Great”; ruled the Mughal empire from 1556 to 1605
7. Shah Jahan – ruled during the high point of Mughal literature, art, and architecture
8. Taj Mahal – a magnificent Muslim structure built as a tomb for Mumtaz Mahal, wife of Shah Jahan
Section 5
9. Ottomans – Turkish-speaking nomadic people who migrated from Central Asia to establish an empire from
Istanbul
10. Istanbul – formerly Constantinople; Ottoman capital
11. Suleiman – sultan during the Ottoman golden age; extended their rule deep into Europe
12. janizary – elite force of the Ottoman army
13. Safavid – Shiite Muslim dynasty; founded an empire in present-day Iran
14. shah – Safavid king
15. Tehran – new Iranian capital under the Qajars
Ch. 10 Vocabulary Exam Tuesday, September 9th
Section 1
1. Bedouins
12.
Sharia
Section 2
2. Muhammad
13.
Abu Bakr
3. Mecca
14.
caliph
4. Yathrib
15.
Sunni
5. hijra
16.
Shiite
6. Medina
17.
Sufis
7. Kaaba
18.
Umayyads
8. Quran
19.
Abbasids
9. mosque
20.
Baghdad
10.
hajj
21.
minaret
11.
jihad
22.
sultan
Vocabulary Exam Friday, September 12
Section 3
1. social mobility
2. Calligraphy
Section 4
3. Delhi
4. Babur
5. Mughal
6. Akbar
7. Shah Jahan
8. Taj Mahal
Section 5
9. Ottomans
10.
Istanbul
11.
Suleiman
12.
janizary
13.
Safavid
14.
shah
15.
Tehran
st
1 Vocabulary Exam: Ch. 10, sect. 1&2 Tues. 9/9
2nd Vocabulary Exam: Ch. 10, sect. 3-5 Fri. 9/12