 READ FOR UNDERSTANDING: Read Pages 51 to 58 in your textbook.
 Define all the vocabulary words.
 Address all the understandings by provide examples/ diagrams/ explanations for each bullet point
 Address the nature of science and essential ideas using your new understandings.
 Address the Skills by answering the Data-Based Questions page 54, 59
Define the vocabulary words below:
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Interphase
G1
S
G2
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Nuclei
Metabolic reaction
Essential idea:
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Protein synthesis spindle microtubules
Mitotic spindle
DNA replication
Mitochondria
Chloropasts chromosomes nuclear membrane centromeres chromatid asexual reproduction tissue repair
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 embryonic development primary tumours secondary tumors organ tissue cancer supercoiling mutagens oncogenes cyclins mitotic index
Cell division is essential but must be controlled.
Nature of science:
Serendipity and scientific discoveries—the discovery of cyclins was accidental. (1.4)
Understandings:
• Mitosis is division of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei.
• Chromosomes condense by supercoiling during mitosis.
• Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis and is different in plant and animal cells.
• Interphase is a very active phase of the cell cycle with many processes occurring in the nucleus and cytoplasm.
• Cyclins are involved in the control of the cell cycle.
• Mutagens, oncogenes and metastasis are involved in the development of primary and secondary tumours.
Applications and skills:
• Evidence from Pasteur’s experiments that spontaneous generation of cells and organisms does not now occur
• Application: The correlation between smoking and incidence of cancers.
• Skill: Identification of phases of mitosis in cells viewed with a microscope or in a micrograph.

Skill: Determination of a mitotic index from a micrograph.