Herschler Conclusion of Lesson Packet
I have sent over three separate lesson plans I am going to include my lecture notes and
quizzes on this last email.
Assessment: Andrew Jackson
U.S. History
Herschler
Andrew Jackson
The man, the myth, the quiz
1. Andrew Jackson’s nickname was? a) Old blood in boot, b) Old hickory, c) King
Andrew, d) None of the above e) All of the above
2. A. Jackson appointed many of his friends into positions of power when he became
President. This was known as? a) He who has the power makes the rule. b) Spoil
system c) Golden parachute d) Presidential authority e) Executive rule
3. A. Jackson, won the popular vote, but lost the election of 1824 to? a) John Calhoun,
b) Henry Clay, c) James Madison d) John Quincy Adams e) Mr. Herschler
4. When the Tariff Act of 1832 was passed; which state wanted to pull out of the
Union? a) South Carolina b) Virginia c) South Dakota d) New York e) Tennessee
5. A. Jackson defined the Supreme Court and ordered tens of thousands of Indians to
march to Oklahoma. This became known as? a) The million man march b) The Trail
of Tears c) The Last Stand d) The Battle of Little Big Horn e) The Walk of Willows
As well as unit exam at the end of this unit.
LECTURE NOTES
Unit 2 Andrew Jackson Lecture Notes
OPEN DISCUSSION:
What type of person comes to mind when you think of the President of the United States?
What would this person look like?
What qualities would they poses?
What flaws might one have?
Officially there are only three requirements to become the next President of the United
States…
1. A person must be a natural born citizen.
2. A person must be 35 years of age or older
3. A person must have been a resident in the U.S. for at least the last 14 years.
Strangely enough… our Presidents have seemed to have fallen into a pattern.
LECTURE:
DUEL
But back in the day, our Presidents often were quite different then some of the people we
see running for office now. Many of these men were not only the backbone of the
founding of our nation, but their lives prior to taking office often seem to be perfect
movies. What do I mean by this? If we looked into some of these men’s lives we would
find stories that even Movie Producers would turn down for being to over the top…
While we have had Presidents of late who have had less then stellar lives let me tell you
the early years of our 7th President of the United States.
It’s May 30, 1806…
A we have 2 men that have a history between one another. And well this is not a good
history. These 2 men had argued over horse racing as well as various document… but on
May 30th, 1806 its over something different. Today these two men are holding pistols.
In this corner we have Charles Dickinson a 24 year old upping comer. Dickinson is a well
respected lawyer who unfortunately insulted the wrong man’s wife.
And in this corner we have the 39 year old champ… he has been in this situation close to
100 times, and has been the only one to walk away in 19 or so of them. He stands
defending his wife’s “good name.” Andrew “old hickory” Jackson.
Jackson with his experience came dressed in an oversized coat with hopes that Dickinson
would mis-aim with such a large target. Jackson would guess right…. Dickinson got off
the first shot and winged “Old Blood in Boot” in the chest… missing his heart by an inch.
Jackson would carry that bullet with him literally for the rest of his life… Dickinson
wasn’t so lucky.
Jackson’s gun on had misfired, but he calmly reloaded and killed Dickinson. Cold
blooded killer? How about future President of the United States.
Andrew Jackson was an action hero before there were action heroes.
Here are a few highlights of Jackson’s life.
He was the first President born in a log cabin
His father died when Andrew was 2 weeks old
First President from a western state
He fought in the REVOLUTIONARY WAR at 13
A. He was captured by the British running messages
B. He was slashed across the face by a sword for refusing to shine an English
officers boots.
5. He was a General by the War of 1812
A. He led the army that won the battle of New Orleans
1.
2.
3.
4.
6. Early founder of the Democratic Party
A. This party was more like the Republicans today…
Election of 1824
But more importantly Jackson had an interesting time during his time campaigning and
during his Presidency.
The Election of 1824 was eerily similar to Bush/Gore of 02. There were close to a dozen
candidates but we are going to focus on 3 of them.
John Quincy Adams “The North’s candidate and current Secretary of State (or also a
position often thought to be the stepping stone to the Presidency at the time.).” He was
strongly backed by commercial interests in New England.
Henry Clay “The Western Canidate and current Speaker of the House of Reps.” He
supported many of the Western wants… such as roads and canals.
Andrew Jackson “the Dark horse from Tennessee” We all know about him
Well the campaign got ugly… Jackson was called a gambler, duelist, adulterer and
military tyrant. Clay a drunk and gambler as well. Adams well, he didn’t wear much Sean
John… so he was known as a “sloppy dresser.” The fun had begun.
When the dust settled and the votes came in from the 24 states there was no majority
winner among the states. The popular vote on the other hand reflected differently.
Jackson came out first with 42% of the vote, followed by Adams with 32%... Clay picked
up only 13% But much like Bush/Gore there was more to this then just a popular vote.
Following the procedures of the 12th amendment (electoral vote) The House of Reps had
to choose from the top 3 candidates. Soon favors were being passed around (ambassador
posts, cabinet jobs) Clay who at the time was the speaker of the House feared that
Jackson would continue to be a thorn in his side in future elections, so he decided to bury
him now. Since Clay clearly lacked the popular vote he began to use his power from the
House to push for Adams. A man ironically detested by Clay. Rumors flew around that
Adams promised Clay the post of Secretary of State for his support.
On Feb 9, 1825, Adams received 13 states votes… the exact number required to become
the next President of the United States.
Jackson immediately declared his candidacy for the 1828 election an Election he won in a
land slide.
SPOILS SYSTEM
After this election Jackson quickly made changes in the government
“To the victor goes the spoils”
1. Jackson gave many Federal Jobs to friends.
a. He felt it helped the government function more efficiently.
TRAIL OF TEARS
Jackson was Anti-Indian and wanted to move the 5 major tribes still located on the East t
to Oklahoma. The Indians sued to keep their land. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of
the Indians not once but 3 times! Jackson of course did it anyway… and reportedly said
that John Marshall (A Supreme Court Judge) “He has made his decision, now let him
enforce it.” What would happen today if this went on?
Jackson sent forward a mass relocation marching over 100,000 Indians over 1000
miles… thousands died.
TARIF ACT OF 1832
A tariff is a tax on imports or sometimes exports.
In 1816 the Tariff rate was 20-25% on goods.
In 1824 in climbed to 37%
Then in 1828 it became 45% on goods like wool and cotton.
South Carolina and in particular John Calhoun were up in arms over this raise. Calhoun
was a powerful supporter of states rights and in one of the better twists in history
Jackson’s Vice President.
Calhoun got enough peoples attention in South Carolina to start up talks of Seceding
from the Union. In response to the Tariff Act of 1832, South Carolina passed an
ordinance of nullification, which declared that the federal tariff laws were null and void.
The state also threatened to resist by force any federal attempt to enforce the tariff.
President Andrew Jackson led the charge in introducing a bill that gave the President
authority to use armed forces to execute the laws. Henry Clay (yes that Henry Clay…
now nicknamed “the Great Negotiator”) helped prepare a compromise to the Tariff Act
that would be more acceptable to the South. The compromise tariff was approved in 1833
and prevented South Carolina from, in essence, seceding from the Union by rising up
against the federal government. The compromise was a nice one at that… The
government agreed to bring the Tariff rates back down to 20-25% and South Carolina
stopped screaming about seceding.
JACKSON’S MARK ON THE PRESIDENCY
1. He believed that the government must be run by the will of the majority and that
the President is the only one directly responsible to ALL Americans.
2. Vetoed more bills than all the previous Presidents combined (12)
3. First to use the “pocket veto” or Presidential Veto.
4. Took control of the Cabinet. Prior to that it answered to Congress
Jackson shortly before he died shared to more nuggets of wisdom with us…
His only 2 regrets in life was his failure to shoot Henry Clay and hang John Calhoun.
Assessment on Sectionalism
Will be a group presentation of their attempt to settle the Civil War prior to war actually
breaking out.
Lesson Plan On Sectionalism
SECTIONALISM
Today I am going to ask you to forget all about what its like living in Cerritos in the year
2003. In fact for the next 3 days, we are going to forget all about Cerritos each and every
time we enter this room. Today our classroom is going to be divided… This division is going
to run deep. Once I have assigned you groups, you will no longer associate with people from
the other part of the classroom…. In fact “those” people from the other side of the tracks
are out to get you. Divide the classroom into 3 groups. (SEE IF IT’S POSSIBLE TO
MOVE CHAIRS CREATING A GAP.)
A DEFINITION: A devotion to the interests and needs of a particular state or section of
the county.
This would be the second signs of a Civil War. (Tariff act of 1832 was the
first sign)
EARLY SIGNS OF TROUBLE
One could reasonably argue that SECTIONALISM came about because of economic
difference that was taking place through out the country.
I. The North/Eastern part of the U.S. was quickly becoming industrialized.
1) Factory system expanded quickly
Factors assisting expansion:
This was the start of a technological revolution
a) Began to develop water power from streams and rivers
b) Capital accumulated by merchants and shipbuilders
c) Plentiful labor supply
d) Poor agricultural conditions
2) New England became center of textile mills, while Pennsylvania led in production of
iron.
(WHAT IS A TEXTILE MILL?)
a) Samuel Slater’s, spinning mill (a machine that is able to “spin wool and cloth to
increase the speed of producing textiles)
b) Eli Whitney
1) Cotton gin to remove seeds from fiber
Cotton 100X easier to produce
3) Goals of Northeast section
a) protective tariffs (WHAT IS A TARIFF?) a schedule of duties imposed by a
government on imported
b) high-priced public lands to keep workers from migrating.
c) federally built internal improvements to expand home markets
d) desired a 2nd National bank.
WHY ARE THESE THINGS IMPORTANT TO THE NORTH EAST?
II. The South on the other hand is agriculture based…. The Plantation system.
1) Cotton gin's invention increased productivity (in 10 years production increased 800%)
a) England has tremendous demands for Southern Cotton.
b) 90% of all of Europe’s cotton comes from the South at this time.
2) Removal of Indians from Southeastern US allowed expansion (NEED MORE LAND
FOR AGRICULTURE)
3) Success of cotton led to one-crop economy (PLACING ALL EGGS IN ONE
BASKET… How wise is this?)
4) A free Labor force
a) Fewer then ¼ of all Southerners have slaves.
b) 2/3 of all slave owners own less then 10 slaves
4) Goals of Southern section
a) low tariffs to encourage exchange with England
b) no internal improvements (felt most of these roads were for the North.)
c) public lands available for sale in large chunks
1) The production of Cotton is extremely taxing on soil… thus they need more
and more land
d) had little need for a 2nd national bank.
Planters constantly needed money for expansion and planting. They didn’t like
owing the North Money. They preferred doing business with people and
things they could control.
III. Wide open ways of the West
1) Small farms slowly gave way to specialized farms:
a) Wheat in northern plains
b) Corn and livestock in Ohio Valley
c) Tobacco in Kentucky
By 1850 ½ of the population lived West of the Mississippi.
2) Improved transportation allowed for marketing of surpluses
3) Goals of the Western section
a) low-priced public lands to encourage settlement
b) protective tariffs to stimulate growth of a home market
c) Federally built internal improvements (to get goods to the market)
d) little desire for 2nd National bank
Since these people constantly needed credit, this was a horrible idea to them.
IV. Missouri Compromise (1820)
A. Missouri, populated mainly by Southerners, applied for statehood in 1819.
B. Northern states opposed adding a new slave state to the Union, which would
upset the balance of 11 free and 11 slaves in the Senate
C. Compromise reached which stated
1) Missouri would enter Union as slave state
2) Maine would enter as free state
3) Line drawn at 36o30Õ with slavery banned in the portion of the
Louisiana Purchase north of that line.
V. BANKS…. What is it we are talking about anyway?
Do we currently have a National Bank? What would it do? We don’t…. we have
Federal Reserve though.
The 1st National Bank was created in 1791 and ran until 1811. (it closed only because it
had a 20 year charter. They were hoping after that it would no longer be needed)
This bank was a “private bank” of which the government would be the primary
stockholder.
Northern Businessmen were the primary investors. They felt it necessary for Economic
growth.
2nd NATIONAL BANK
This came about in 1816…. It was based on the same format of the 1st.
The problem is that when the charter for the 1st National bank had expired, many states
began granting private bank charters to individuals.
Between 1811 and 1816 the number of state banks tripled.
Keep in mind banks back then were not what they are like now. Some literally issued
their own money…. Or you would make a deposit, but never get your money back.
Some felt a 2nd National bank would stabilize the banking industry.
Our Man A. Jackson was anti-wealth…. He was for the people…. He felt that a 2nd
National bank was just the brain child of some rich folk looking to take money for
themselves. He said “why should the government continue to grant control of the bank
to a few wealthy people, most of them Easterners or Northerners.”
Most farmers were against a big National bank. They preferred local credit. They didn’t
like how the large national bank wanted land or goods to hold for their loan
The Common Sense lesson plan is self containing.
Each one of my lesson plans are designed completely different. Since each topic
being taught is often unique it their own way, it would be extremely difficult to structure
each lesson plan following the same blue print. Now with that said, yes, there is always a
state standard listed at the top, but often where the lesson goes from there can be
anyone’s guess.
Common Sense is known as a Selected Reading at Cerritos High School. This
lesson is immersed in reading. In fact that is the pretty much the sole function of this
particular lesson plan. This lesson is by far the most effective of the three lesson plans in
regards to reading. I chose this lesson because it is chalk full of content reading.
All three of these lessons are geared towards students that have a firm grasp of the
English language as well as CP level students. All three of these lesson plans were
designed for a CP U.S. History class. Each lesson could be slightly modified to help
students who do not comprehend English fully at an 11th grade level.