Introduction To Networking LANS and
WANS
Foundation Degree in IT for Business
By: Ben Hampson
Staffordshire University
Date Issued: 23/02/09
Submission Date: 27/03/09
Recipient: Ivo Chakarov
A Report On The Networking LANS and WANS case study.
By Ben Hampson
Recipient: Ivo Chakarov
Abstract
The evidence in this report will show how to configure a new network for the
Warmingham Health authority. IP addressing will be shown and the steps that I took
Inorder to make the subnets work for the networks. There will also be a section on
pricing; this will include a list of prices from the computer to cables to labour. The
cabling section will include a diagram where I have created the plan of where the
cables are going to be place so that the computers can be linked to the network in the
most cost effective way. The cabling diagram is for one floor of the building and is
only for one building, although the plans for the pricing will include the prices for the
whole project which will include all computers the cabling diagram will only be
included for one floor. The report will explain how the system will be configured. It
will explain how the simulation on packet tracer works. This will give the hospital a
proposal of how this network is going to work for what the want it to do. The
simulation will show a fully working design, which the hospitals network will be
based on.
Acknowledgements
None
Contents
Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 2
Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 3
Contents ......................................................................................................................... 4
Terms Of Reference ....................................................................................................... 4
Forward ...................................................................................................................... 5
Aim ........................................................................................................................ 5
Objectives .............................................................................................................. 5
1.0 Method ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 6
2.0 Findings.................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 IP Addressing ........................................................................................................... 8
2.2 IP Address Configuration ........................................................................................ 9
2.3 IP Address Configuration table .............................................................................. 12
2.4 configuration of devices ......................................................................................... 14
2.5 Floor plan ............................................................................................................... 16
2.6 Costing ................................................................................................................... 18
3.0 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 20
References/Bibliography.............................................................................................. 21
http://www.pcwb.co.uk/ec/basket.jtp [online] accessed 19/03/2009 .................. 21
Terms Of Reference
Forward
This report is going to look at the hospital network requirements that the three
hospitals will be working on. The network is needed to be future proof and allow the
three hospitals to work with the same records for its patients and also the same health
server. Also in the network was needed to be the IP server allowing the network to use
the internet.
The report will explain how to work out the correct IP addresses for the given network
address for the machines. A cabling diagram will be shown to explain how the
machines are going to reach the two switches on one floor of one of the three sites.
Also the way in which the network is going to be configured will be explained and
what it has been done is this particular way. The main objective of the report is to
show the hospital, which is described in the case study how the desired structure of
the network is possible and how this may be completed so that all three sites have a
fully working, future proof network.
Aim
1. to explain to the IP addresses are found
2. To cost up the equipment that is needed to create the network and give the
reasons for choosing these.
3. To provide a cabling diagram to show the layout of computers and how they
are all connected to the server.
4. To write a report to show all my findings.
Objectives
1. To understand process of subnetting
2. To find out the cost of putting the network together,
3. To find information using the internet regards to costs for the equipment.
4. To find out information on how cabling should be done.
1.0 Method
The information within this report was collected from…
 The internet to investigate subnetting, VLSM and costing for the equipment to
make the network useful.
 Packet tracer to show a simulation to show the hospital what their network is
going to be like and to show that it is possible to get the network working.
 To find information from engineers or internet to find out how cabling should
be completed
1.1 Introduction
The following report is created to show the IP configuration that is produced for the
three hospitals that will be using the same network. With each section and
departments being in different subnets the calculation were needed to be made Inorder
to make all the sections of the network can talk together. They need to be able to
communicate with each other as the computers in the doctor’s surgery, used for the
doctors and the administrators, will be used to retrieve patient records and talk to the
health care server.
The three places that are being used for the doctor’s surgery are Warmingham; this is
going to be the main building where the main routers are going to be held. The first
surgery is in Audley. This like the other surgery in Peover, both surgeries are to have
120 computers for the doctors and 90 computers for the admin teams.
In the report I will also show on one floor of the doctor’s surgery how the cabling
should be laid out so that all the cables are fitted safely and securely.
This report will have a section where the costing to implement the charges. This will
describe costing such as computers, switches, labour, cabling etc.
2.0 Findings
2.1 IP Addressing
The following IP address was given for the hospital. 172.168.0.0. as this is a class B
IP address this means that it has a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0, this information is
going to be used to complete the table in the IP address configuration table section.
The Case study required VLSM (variable length subnet mask) to be used to
address the network. VLSM is a means of allocating IP addressing to subnets
according to their individual need. VLSM is used so that the minimum amounts of
subnets are used so that they can be used for future growth.
2.2 IP Address Configuration
As the IP address has been obtained then from here we need to work out how to get
420 computers, 5 Switches, 3 Routers patient records and health care server onto the
same IP address. The only way to complete this is to subnet the address. This is done
by VLSM. VLSM allows you to change the subnet mask were needed so that
minimum address are lost. We ARE allowed to use the zero subnet in this report as
stated by the handout.
The number below show the number of hosts that are required on each subnet. I have
put these into numerical order so this order is what we need to work in.
120 – Doctors computers in Audley
120 – Doctors computers in Peover
90 – Administrators in Audley
90 – Administrators in Peover
25 – Warmingham network connected to the servers.
The following is the process that is needed to complete the VLSM for 120 hosts.
1. Work out 120 in binary.
128
64
1
32
1
16
1
8
1
4
0
2
0
1
0
Now add up the totals in the totals of the boxes that are filled in, this gives you 7.
Now from the right count left 7 spaces. The number on your left is the number in
which the increments must go up on. This means that 128 is the number that you must
go up in.
As we have this information we can now work out the subnet mask. This is done by:
255.255.0.0 This is the default subnet mask for a class B.
So starting from the right, write your subnet mask in binary
255.255.00000000.00000000
We know it takes seven bits to make 120 hosts.
0= hosts
1= Network bits
Because we want 120 hosts and not networks, we need to make sure we have 7 host
bits. So
255.255.11111111.10000000
As you can see we have added seven 0 (host bits) and so the remainder can now
become network bits, so fill in the left over as 1’s.
Now if we convert this from binary to decimal we know have our new subnet mask
which is 255.255.255.128
Now we need to work out the ranges. To do this in your subnet mask take your lowest
increment and find the equivalent in binary.
So 255.255.11111111.10000000
The lowest increment is this 1. This 1 converted to binary = 128.
So now we know using this subnet mask on the network address given that we add
128 to the address in the fourth octet (because the increment is in the last octet. So for
example
172.168.0.0
This is start of the first range
172.168.0.128
this is start of the second Range
172.168.0.256
This is the start of the third range however each octet
can only go up to 255 and so this is not a valid address.
We now have two network ranges to allow us to support up to 120 hosts.
To work out the end of the ranges you take 1 away from the next range.
So
172.168.0.0
the end address will be 172.168.0.127
172.168.0.128 the end address will be 172.168.0.255
172.168.0.256
So the range of IP address in the first network will be 172.168.0.0 -172.168.0.127 and
the next range 172.168.0.0 – 172.168.0.255
Now you have worked out the two 120 hosts you now start again on the 90 hosts.
However you have used the 172.168.0.0 through to 172.168.0.255 for the 120 doctor
machines so the next address will have to start from 172.168.1.0.
Below is the IP address for subnet.
IP Address
Subnet Mask
172.168.0.0 /16
255.255.0.0
120 Hosts
172.168.0.0 – 127
172.168.0.128 – 255 /25
90 Hosts
172.168.1.0 – 127
172.168.1.128- 255
/25
/25
/25
25 Hosts
172.168.2.0 – 31
/27
172.168.2.32 – 35
/30
172.168.2.36 - 39
/30
The 2 hosts listed here are the host that are needed to complete the sub network from
the Warmingham HQ Router to the Audley Hospital, and one fro Warmingham to
Peover.
Listed above shows that there are two 120 hosts, two 90 hosts, one 25 hosts and two 2
hosts. This can also be seen in the diagram below.
2 Hosts
2.3 IP Address Configuration table
Host/ Interface
IP address
start
Doctor Machine 172.168.0.1
Audley
Admin Machine 172.168.1.1
Audley
Doctor machine 172.168.0.129
peover
Admin machine 172.168.1.129
Peover
Audley router
172.168.0.126
Fa0/0
Peover router
172.168.0.254
Fa0/0
Audley router
172.168.1.126
Fa0/1
Peover router
172.168.1.254
Fa0/1
Audley router
172.168.2.34
serial 0/0
Peover router
172.168.2.37
serial 0/0
Warmingham
172.168.2.30
router Fa0/0
Warmingham
172.168.2.33
router serial 0/0
IP address end
Mask
DCT/DTE*
N/A
Default
Gateway*
172.168.0.126
Broadcast
address
172.168.0.127
Network
Address
172.168.0.0
172.168.0.126
25
172.168.1.126
25
N/A
172.168.0.126
172.168.1.127
172.168.1.0
172.168.0.254
25
N/A
172.168.0.254
172.168.0.255
172.168.0.128
172.168.1.254
25
N/A
172.168.1.254
172.168.1.255
172.168.1.128
N/A
25
N/A
N/A
N/A
25
N/A
N/A
N/A
25
N/A
N/A
N/A
25
N/A
N/A
N/A
30
DTE
N/A
N/A
30
DTE
N/A
172.168.2.31
172.168.2.0
N/A
27
N/A
N/A
172.168.2.31
172.168.2.0
172.168.2.34
30
DCE
N/A
Warmingham
router serial 0/1
Warmingham
router serial 0/2
Patient records
172.168.2.37
172.168.2.38
30
DCE
N/A
145.45.5.100
N/A
N/A
DTE
N/A
172.168.2.1
172.168.2.30
27
N/A
172.168.2.30
Health care
server
172.168.2.2
172.168.2.30
27
N/A
172.168.2.30
2.4 configuration of devices
After completing the network diagram in packet tracer it was time that I needed to
start configuring the devices so that they would be able to work.
The case study needed me to configure the routers and also make sure that there were
many other things completed with the configuration as well. I needed to set hostnames
for routers I did this by the following. In the CLI tab on the router I got to the global
configuration mode by typing;
Enable
Configure Terminal
Then
Hostname [xxxxxx]
The hostname will now be used as the routers ID.
I then had to give the interfaces the correct IP address and Subnet mask,
Once again in the global configuration mode;
Interface [interface],[IP address], [Subnet masks]
No Shut this makes the interface shut down by default.
I then had to set the clock rate on a number of the serial ports on the routers, and DCE
are used the we have to set the clock rate.
While in the same mode as above
Clock [xxxxxx] I used 64000
Normally the clock rate is set by the ISP, however in the diagram we have leased lines
between the sites and so we need to set the clock rate ourselves. The easy way to remember
which side sets the clock is to remember is that the C in DCE stands for clocking.
Once we had the PCS and routers interface set up with the correct IP address I tested the
connectivity by issuing a ping command. This allows us to see if data can get across the
network or not.
After checking that all the sub networks were able to communicate with each other, I
needed to complete the EIGRP which is the routing protocol. This allows routers to
send information not just to networks on the router but also from other networks
which are linked to other routers.
The following steps are the ones I took to set up the EIGRP:
From global configuration mode issue the router
Router eigrp <Autonomous system number>
Network <networks advertising> <wildcard mask>
This allowed my network to set up neighbour relationships and start to exchange routes.
From global configuration mode:
Interface loopback <loopback number I used 10><IP address> <subnet mask>
From global configuration mode
Ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 <interface to send out on>
Under the interface
Description<description>
To configure the message banner of the day I did the following:
From global configuration mode
Banner motd <message to type>
Password set up
!!!!!Note all the passwords are cisco
From global configuration mode enter the following commands:
Enable secret <password>
Now I had to set a password on the console port.
This is done from global configuration mode
Line console 0
Password <password>
Login (Most important command this specifies that the router needs to prompt for a
password)
Now if anyone try’s to connect to the console port they will be asked for a password.
Next was to do the same but for the vty ports. These are terminal ports and are used for telnet.
Line vty 0 4
(specifying 0-4 means it will support 5 separate terminal sessions)
Password <password>
Login
The last thing to do was to set up a host table. This allows the user to just type the name of the
device rather then “telnet <ip address of interface of router>
To do this I issued the following command
Ip host <hostname of router> <ip address of one of the interface>
The last thing is to
Write mem (this saves all the current configuration)
Now I had configured all the devices the last thing to do was to issue a write memory on all
devices so that the current configuration is saved to start-up.
2.5 Floor plan
Below is a copy of the floor plan that I have indicated where the cables, PC, switch
should go when they are on that floor.
As it shows above the cables run from the computers into a cabling tray, this makes
sure that the cables are neat and tidy and out of harms way for anyone. Also if any of
the cables would need to be moved or replaced the engineer wouldn’t have to go
looking for it they would know that it would in the cabling try.
The doctors switch and the admin switch are in different locations because if
something was to go wrong with one switch this can be repaired without danger of
knocking into the other switch.
2.6 Costing
the following section is regards to the costing of putting this network together.
Computers
HP DX2400MT CELERON 440 1GB 160GB OFFICE SBE INCLUDED VISTA
BUSINESS/XP PRO
Price per unit = £259.00
Total cost = £108,780.00
The reason for this choice is that the computer has very good memory and also a good
speed ROM and RAM.
Switches
Trendware TRENDnet TEG S240TX 24-Port Ethernet Switch
Price per unit = £197.90
Total price = £989.50
As this switch has the required speed and ports to complete this task.
Routers
Cisco 2621XM Router
Price per unit $2538.99 (£1737.63)
Total price $7614 – (£5212.90)
The reason for choosing this is that this router has the needed amount of capacity and
ports that are required to complete this network
Engineer
£250 per three hours.
Six hours per day = £500
Five days are week = 2500
20 weeks = £50000
So two engineers total cost to complete work is £100000.
Cabling
Belkin 100 meter . Cat. 5 UTP Patch Cable
This roll of straight through cable will link the computers to the routers to allow the
connection.
Price per unit £143.89
Total price £1143.89
Total Price £ 216,126.29
3.0 Conclusion
After writing up this report and completing all the task that have been asked I have
realised how hard to completely reform a layout is. From the first stage of knowing
what you want up to the point of configuring everything, every last detail must be
completely perfect for the network to run.
This is the reason for the 20 weeks that I have given the two engineers to complete the
work.
I feel that the 2 engineers will be able to complete the transformation of the network
within the 20 weeks,
The total cost of the network is £216126.29 this is for al the equipment and for the
labour.
In conclusion I feel that the overall network has worked a lot better as all hospitals are
able to gather the same information and have the same records.
References/Bibliography
http://www.pcwb.co.uk/ec/basket.jtp [online] accessed 19/03/2009
Computers
Routers
http://www.shopping.com/xPO-Cisco-2621XM-CISCO2621XM-DC-RF [online]
accessed 19/03/2009
Switches
http://www.shopping.com/xPO-Trendware [online] accessed 20/03/2009
Cabling
http://www.shopping.com/xPO-cabeling [online] accessed 20/03/2009