SEEA-WA
Nigeria: Stock Taking Report
e:\_a\e21\seea-wa\docs\country_studies\nigeria\nigeria_stock_taking_v0.doc
March 2012
Table of Contents
Introduction
1
1. Global Situation of the Energy System ........................................................................................ 1
1.1. Structure of the Economy ................................................................................................. 1
1.2. Final Energy Consumption................................................................................................ 3
1.3. Final energy consumption by fuel/products (2009) .................................................................. 3
1.4. Final energy consumption by sector for 2009......................................................................... 3
1.5. Primary energy production by sources - imports and exports for 2009.......................................... 4
1.6. Most energy-intensive sectors ........................................................................................... 5
2. ELECTRICITY SECTOR ......................................................................................................... 5
2.1. Main Actors in Electricity Supply and Distribution.................................................................... 5
2.2. Relevant Power Plants .................................................................................................... 6
2.3. Electrification Rate.......................................................................................................... 7
2.4. Main Electricity Suppliers ................................................................................................. 7
2.5. Reliability of Electricity Supply .................................................................................. 7
2.6. Energy Pricing - Structure of Electricity Tariffs for Final Customers .......................... 8
2.7. Renewable Energy ................................................................................................... 9
3. HOUSEHOLD ENERGY USE .......................................................................................... 9
3.1. Cooking .................................................................................................................... 9
4. Energy Policy................................................................................................................. 10
4.1. Legal and Regulatory Framework ...........................................................................10
4.2. Relevant Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Laws and Regulations ............10
4.3. Summary of Renewable Energy Targets .................................................................11
4.4. Relevant Stakeholders in the RE&EE Sector ..........................................................12
4.5. Relevant International Organizations Financing RE&EE Projects/Programmes ......12
4.6. What are the main areas in which regional coordination (among ECOWAS countries)
on Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy would be useful? ...............................................12
5. Energy Access............................................................................................................... 12
5.1. Institutions responsible for energy access (in rural and/or peri-urban areas) ...........12
5.2. Main actions taken to increase access to energy (in rural and/or peri-urban areas)?
13
5.3. Programs geared towards increasing access to electricity ......................................13
6. Actions in the Field of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy................................... 13
7. Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 14
Institutions involved in Energy ...................................................................................................15
8. ENERGY ACCESS ........................................................................................................ 16
9. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................. 16
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Introduction
This report provides an overview of the current status of energy efficiency and renewable energy in Nigeria. The
report is mainly based on a stock taking mission undertaken by the SEEA-WA team in early February 2012. The
information collected through interviews with national authorities and relevant actors was complemented by desk
research.
The remainder of this stock taking report is organized as follows: Firstly, general characteristics of the economic
structure and the energy consumption patterns are described. Secondly, the main elements of Nigeria’s energy
policy are presented. Thereafter, focus is given to key areas in which activities are currently being conducted
and/or intervention is required, namely energy use in the households sector, the electricity sector, use of
renewable energy, energy access and training and qualification of staff in the energy sector. Finally, some
recommendations for further action are outlined.
1.
Global Situation of the Energy System
1.1.
Structure of the Economy
Nigeria, with a population of about 150 million, is Africa’s most populous country and the continent’s third largest
economy. At the time of political independence in October 1960, agriculture was the dominant sector of the
economy, contributing about 70% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employing about the same percentage
of the working population, and accounting for about 90% of foreign earnings and Federal Government revenue.
The early period of post-independence up until mid-1970s saw a rapid growth of industrial capacity and output, as
the contribution of the manufacturing sector to GDP rose from 4.8% to 8.2%. With the advent of oil, this pattern
changed significantly, owing largely to its strategic importance to the world economy through its supply-price
nexus.1 According to the 2009 estimates, while the agricultural sector provides employment to more than 70% of
the working population it contributes only 33.4% of the total national production. The country has not been able to
satisfy internal demand and has to import a considerable amount of food products.2
Currently, Nigeria’s economy is primarily driven by oil and gas.
In terms of human development index, Nigeria performs significantly low.
Nigeria’s vision is to become one of the 20 largest economies by the year 2020. However, in spite of the massive
revenue from oil (estimated at over 600 billion USD since 1970), the standard of living is still very low, poverty is
widespread and income distribution is highly skewed. Over 70 % of the population lives on less than 1 USD a day
and 91 % live on less than 2 USD a day according to a 1990–2001 poverty study. Income distribution is highly
skewed with the poorest 10 % of the population controlling just 1.6 % of the wealth, while the richest 10 % control
40.8 % of total wealth.5 The Gini index stands at 50.6 %. Nigeria with a Human Development Index of 0.461 was
classified among the countries with low human development by the United Nations. The International Monetary
Fund (IMF) ranked Nigeria at 165 out of 179 countries in terms of per capita income in 2006. The major causes
for poverty in Nigeria are bad governance, neglect of the agricultural sector, inadequate social and economic
infrastructure and unstable policy environment.
Adedipe, B. (2004). The Impact of Oil on Nigeria’s Policy formulation
Also see Central Bank of Nigeria: The Changing Structure of the Nigerian Economy
2 http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/nigeria/structure-of-economy.html
1
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In terms of size, the private sector in the Nigerian economy is substantial. There are two components – the
organized private sector and the informal sector. The organized private sector is comprised of public limited
liability companies, private limited liability companies and partnerships, whereas the informal sector is consists of
peasant farmers, petty traders and artisans. The organized private sector, although small in size, is the source of
technological advancement in the economy. However, it is constrained by the undue intervention of the
government in economic activity, unstable and uncertain macroeconomic environment fostered by policy
distortions, inadequate infrastructure, weak institutions and poor executive capacity, as well as weak financial
markets. The large informal segment, on the other hand, employs an estimated 70-80 per cent of the labour force
and represents a major source of capital formation, particularly in the rural areas. It provides a cheap source of
low level technical manpower to the organized
The table below provides the state of the Nigerian economy per sector contributions:
Table 3 below illustrates the structure of Nigeria’s economy (GDP) as at 2009
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Amount
Total GDP 2009 (@current market prices)
Primary sector (Agriculture)
Secondary Sector (Industry)
Tertiary Sector (Services)
170.31 billion US$
37.2%
32.27%
12.57%
Total Public Expenses within the Energy Sector
Biomass
Oil Products
Power sector
RES
EE
Source: (2012) Energy Commission of Nigeria
1.2.
Final Energy Consumption
The final energy consumption covers all energy supplied to the final consumer for all energy uses.3 This includes
the consumption of electricity and fuels (such as oil, gas, coal, wood fuel etc.) in the household, industry,
services, agriculture and transport sectors. The “informal sector” - food stalls/restaurants/street food vendors,
beer brewers, food processing, etc - often uses energy intensive process heat. This takes the form of: PMS in
small engine electricity generators; fuel wood for heating and cooking; electricity from grid; and calcium carbide
for generating acetylene for gas welding. Electricity consumption however declined from 157,338.95 GWh in 2008
to 128,099.85 GWh in 2009.
Year
2007
2008
2009
Final energy consumption
109,874.55
157,338.95
128,099.85
Unit (GWh, toe or other
GWh
GWh
GWh
Source: (2012) Energy Commission of Nigeria
1.3.
Final energy consumption by fuel/products (2009)
Coal
Natural gas (Electricity)
Electricity (Hydro)
Firewood
Charcoal
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Gasoline
Diesel
Kerosene
Fuel oil
Distillate diesel oil (DDO)
Dung
Other (Solar PV)
Final energy consumption
13,373.06
5,226.94
0.156
239.60
89,415.14
10,418.05
7,744.64
1,682.26
About 10MW
Source: (2012) Energy Commission of Nigeria
1.4.
3
Final energy consumption by sector for 2009
(2011)International Energy Agency
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Unit (GWh, toe or other
GWh
GWh
GWh
GWh
GWh
GWh
GWh
GWh
MW
Industry
Final
energy
consumption
3872.89
Transport
Residential sector
27226.2
85673.18
Commercial services
7787.07
Public services
Agriculture Forestry
Fishing
Non-energy
Non Specified
and
Unit (GWh, toe or other)
3337.32
69.09
Main fuels used in the
respective sector
AGO, Electricity, natural
gas
PMS, AGO, ATK
Fuel wood, HHK, LPG,
electricity
Electricity, AGO, LPG, fuel
wood
Electricity, AGO
AGO, electricity, HHK
134.12
Natural gas, HHK, LPG
GWh
Source: (2012) Energy Commission of Nigeria
1.5.
Primary energy production by sources - imports and exports for 2009
Total primary energy production measures the amount of primary energy produced by a particular country or
region. Primary energy includes losses from transportation, friction, heat loss and other inefficiencies.
Nigeria is a major player in the global oil and gas industry. The country is the 12th largest producer of petroleum
in the world, the 8th largest exporter, the number one exporter of crude oil in Africa, and has the 10th largest oil
proven reserves, estimated at over 35 billion crude oil reserves, with daily production of over 2.5million barrels
per day. It also has proven gas reserves of up to 187trillion cubic feet (tcf).
Nigeria is however also a major importer of petroleum products. This is largely due to a lack of adequate refining
capacity to process its own crude oil, the mismanagement of government-owned refineries and lack of incentives
to stimulate growth in local private refining capacity. Between January and October 2011, over 35 million litres of
petroleum products, representing about 85 per cent of domestic demand was imported daily into the country at a
cost of close over N3 trillion or naira or about $18billion. It is the only country among the Organisation of
Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) that relies on importation for the supply of petroleum products for
domestic needs.
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Conventional Energy
Sources
Crude Oil
Diesel
Primary Energy Production
Imports
Exports
780.347
0.558
-0.425
769.195
-
LPFO
0.609
--
0.440
Gasoline
0.364
5.989
-
1,837.278
0.319
-1.171
342.1
---
0.1263
--
0.109
-20.838 TWh
---
-70MW
7.4
30.18
561.7
---
---
91.4
--
--
About 1.0
--18.5
-----
-----
Gas (Natural gas)
Kerosene/JetA1
LPG
Coal
Electricity
Renewable
Energy
Sources
Large Hydro
Small Hydro
Wood fuel (including
charcoal
Agriculture
byproducts(wastes)
Biofuels (biodiesel)
Landfill Gas
Sewage Gas
Municipal Waste
Wind
10 MW
Unit (GWh,
toe or Other)
Million Barrels
million
Tonnes
million
Tonnes
million
Tonnes
BSCF
million
Tonnes
Million
Tonnes
TWh
MW
GJ
Million
Tonnes
Million Litres
Million
Tonnes
MW
Source: (2012) Energy Commission of Nigeria
1.6.
Most energy-intensive sectors
Sectors
Industry
Transport
Residential
Tertiary:
Specificities of the mentioned sectors
Cement the most energy intensive
Public & freight transportation the most energy intensive
Cooking is the most energy intensive, mostly using fuel wood
Public services
Commercial services
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Air-conditioning & lighting the most energy intensive
Air-conditioning & lighting
Crop production is the most energy intensive
Source: (2012) Energy Commission of Nigeria
2.
ELECTRICITY SECTOR
2.1.
Main Actors in Electricity Supply and Distribution
Grid electricity power supply is a monopoly of state owned Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN). There
are ongoing efforts by Federal Government to unbundle and privatise the power utility. The Power Holding
Company of Nigeria (PHCN) will be split into 6 generation companies, a transmission company and 11
distribution companies. All but the transmission company will be transferred to the private sector. Currently, it is
expected that privatisation will be carried out in May 2012.
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Peak power distributed to the 450 000 clients amounts to 450-500 MW. It is estimated that total demand is about
800 MW: thus over 1/3 of demand is currently unmet, due to bulk power supply shortage. The Abuja system,
operated by the Abuja Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC), is a heavy growth load centre; with growth in
demand of about 6-7% annually. It is estimated that air conditioners are the most important energy using device.
Efforts to improve the commercial performance of the company have focused on the installation of pre-paid
meters. Currently approximately 160 000 have been installed.
The distribution network consists of both underground and above ground lines. Parts of the distribution network
are outdated and/or overloaded, particularly in the areas outside the Abuja city centre. Some transformers are
operating beyond capacity, leading to high losses and failures. Distribution losses (commercial + technical) are
estimated at 18-23%.
Political considerations often place undue pressure on the distribution companies to rapidly expand the network,
in order to provide access to electricity in rural areas. There is tension between the objective of expanding access
and stabilising the existing network. Often, the quality and reliability of service has suffered as a result.
About 200-300 transformers must be replaced annually, of which 3-4 large power distribution transformers.
Current electricity tariffs are too low for the company to carry out a rational preventive maintenance programme.
Thus, equipment is operated until failure.
The hiring freeze in the public sector has had a major impact on AEDC, whose workforce is aging: average age is
45 years currently. When hiring begins anew, training of new employees will be a major issue, made difficult by
the retirement of experienced older workers.4
It is envisaged that the restructuring of the electricity supply industry will among other things lead to a competitive
wholesale power markets, increased self-generation by end-users, accelerated privatization and
commercialization, elimination of the present monopoly leading to the emergence of IPPs, unbundling of
generation, transmission and distribution and a competitive retail power market.
2.2.
Relevant Power Plants
Type of Power Plant
(fuel)
Isolated
diesel
generators
Thermal Natural Gas
Thermal Oil
Thermal Coal
Large
Hydropower
Plants (>30MW)
Small
Hydropower
Plant (<30MW)
Wind
Photovoltaic
Power Capacity in
MW
About 2,000MW
Number of Plants
Widespread
State owned,
private, mixed
Mixed
Grid connected or
decentralized plant
Decentralized
6,763.85MW
13
State and Private
Grid-connected
1928.4MW
3
State
Grid-connected
30.180MW
3
Private and State
Decentralized
About 10MW
10MW
1
Dispersed
State
Mixed
Grid-Connected
Decentralized
Source: (2012) Energy Commission of Nigeria
4
The AEDC has agreed to host a regional meeting of power distribution companies, perhaps under the ECREEE, WAPP or UPDEA umbrella. Given the
current situation, it would be preferable to organise this meeting in the near term, ie 6 months.
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2.3.
Electrification Rate
Social electricity tariffs or subsidies/loans for the initial connection cost for households are currently not available.
Total Population
(5 persons per household)
National Level
Urban areas
Rural areas
28million households (40% Urban &
60% Rural)
11 million households
17 million households
Served Population (either
grid connected or with
individual decentralized
home systems
55.2% of households
Please give short explication of
the current situation
Southern zones with higher access
than the Northern zones
86.6% households
38.9% households
Source: (2012) Energy Commission of Nigeria
2.4.
Main Electricity Suppliers
S/No
Supplier
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17.
Kanji Hydropower
Jeba Hydropower
Shiroro Hydropower
Egbin Power Plant
Ajaokuta
A.E.S
Sapele
Okpai
Afam (I-V)
Afam (I-V)
Delta
Geregu
Omoku
Omotosho
Ibom
Olorunsogo
NESCO, Jos
State owned or
private
State (Federal)
State (Federal)
State (Federal)
State (Federal)
State (Federal)
Private
State (Federal)
Private
Private
Private
State (Federal)
State (Federal)
State (Federal)
State (Federal)
State (Federal)
State (Federal)
Private
Type(s) of Fuel
Hydro
Hydro
Hydro
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Hydro
Total
Installed
capacity (MW)
760.00
578.40
600.00
1320
110.00
302.0
1020.0
480.0
497.25
497.25
882.00
414.00
100.00
335.00
37.00
335.00
30
8702.25
Available
Capacity (MW)
445.45
457.99
404.56
980.89
0
236.44
199.07
446.25
322.82
322.82
255.33
300.00
96.05
298.15
2.90
315.00
37
4825.17
Source: (2012) Energy Commission of Nigeria
2.5.
Reliability of Electricity Supply
Electricity supply is not reliable. The transmission network in the country consists of about 5000 km of
330 kV lines, and 6000 km of 132 kV lines with 48 and 4101 outages on 330kV and 132kV transmission
lines, respectively. The 330 kV lines feed 23 substations of 330/132 kV rating with a combined capacity
of 6,000 MVA or 4,600 MVA at a utilization factor of 80%. The main problems associated with Nigeria's
transmission network include inadequate dispatch and control infrastructure, radial and fragile grid
network, frequent system collapse, and exceedingly high transmission losses. The distribution grid in
the country consists of 23,753 km of 33 kV lines and 19,226 km of 11 kV lines. These lines feed 679
substations of 33/11 kV rating and 20,543 substations of 33/0.415 and 11/0.415 kV ratings. In addition,
there are 1,790 distribution transformers and 680 injection transformers. The system suffers from
chronic underinvestment, poor maintenance, un-recorded connections and under- billing arising from a
preponderance of un-metered connections. The utility's financial performance, as well as its ability to
serve customers satisfactorily has been consistently poor.
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The Electricity supply challenges can be summed into inadequate generation capacity, weak
transmission capacity, high transmission and distribution line losses. The main generation facilities are
concentrated around the southern edge for proximity to fuel sources while the national control center
was also placed near the major load centres. The result is low voltage supply at northern extremities.5
2.6.
Energy Pricing -
Structure of Electricity Tariffs for Final Customers
N1 = €200
5
Nigerian electricity regulatory commission , Regulatory Framework for Promoting Renewable Energy Based Power in Nigeria, 2005
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2.7.
Renewable Energy
The Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP), drafted in 2005, articulates a national vision, targets and a
roadmap for addressing key development challenges facing Nigeria through the accelerated development and
exploitation of renewable energy. It aims to put in place a comprehensive framework for developing renewable
energy policies, legal instruments, technologies, manpower, infrastructure and market to ensure that the visions
and targets are realized.6
Nigeria is endowed with abundant renewable energy resources, the significant ones being solar energy, biomass,
wind, small and large hydropower with potential for hydrogen fuel, geothermal and ocean energies. The
estimated capacity of the main renewable energy resources is given in table1 below.
Table xxx: Nigeria’s Renewable Resource Estimate
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE CAPACITY
Large Hydropower
Small Hydropower
735MW
Fuel wood
13,071,464 Hectares
Animal Waste
61million tonnes/yr
Crop Residue
83 million tonnes/yr
Solar Radiation
3.5 – 7.0 kWh/m2-day
Wind
2 – 4 m/s (annual average) at 10m height
Source: Energy Commission of Nigeria
At present, renewable energy source used in Ghana consists of firewood, hydropower and solar energy.
Firewood is widely used mainly in rural households for cooking. The growing population and demand, combined
with shortages in LPG put pressure on forests and lead in some cases to deforestation.
At present there are over 5000 off-grid photovoltaic (PV) systems installed nationwide (total capacity 1MW.
(Energy Foundation)
3.
HOUSEHOLD ENERGY USE
3.1.
Cooking
The Residential sector is the most energy intensive sector. This is primarily because the households consume
95% of the country's woodfuel supply. As woodfuel is primarily used for cooking purposes, cooking therefore is
the main energy consuming activity in the household sector.
6
Energy Commission of Nigeria: Renewable Energy Master Plan (2005)
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4.
Energy Policy
4.1.
Legal and Regulatory Framework
There is a draft National Energy Policy, approved by the President in 2005, but not yet adopted as law.
S/No
Name of legal ACT
Petroleum Act
Type(Law, Regulations,
Policy etc)
Law
Year
of
Release
1969
1
2
3
4
5
Land use Act
Electricity Policy
National Energy Policy
Electric Power Reform Act
Law
Policy
Policy
Law
1978
2001
2003
2005
6
Bio-fuel Policy
Policy
2007
7
Nigerian Extractive Industries
Transparency Act
Law
2007
4.2.
Main Characteristics
Vests ownership and control of petroleum in
Nigerian state
All land vessel to state
Private Sector driven sector
Private Sector driven energy sector
Liberalizes the electricity Sector, unbundles PHCN
and created Electricity Regulator
Approved use of E10 and B20 and provided some
incentives
Promotes due process, transparency and
accountability in management of petroleum and
mining revenues
Relevant Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Laws and Regulations
A Renewable Energy Plan was drafted in 2005, but it is yet to be adopted as law. The proposed plan takes into
consideration the roles of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources in achieving energy security, and are
reflected in the budget allocation of the state budget.
Presently, there are no subsidies - contributions to investments, tax exemptions, feed-in tariffs (FiTs) for electricity
generated through RES - in place for EE and RES. The national electricity regulator (NERC) is however currently
developing an appropriate FiTs scheme and other regulatory incentives for prospective investors with a view to
promoting renewable energy generation in the country. The following incentives are being considered:
•
•
Incentives related to On grid RE Power supply
– Government to conduct initial wind and solar resources study such that investors only
implement generation projects, where the resource has been established;
– Providing one-off financial subsidy for development of small hydro and hybrid off-grid systems
by communities and the private sector;
– Investors are allowed to charge a cost reflective tariff that enables fair return on investment for
such projects;
Incentives related to Manufacturing of RE equipment
– Tax incentives to manufacturers of renewable energy equipment and their accessories to
promote widespread use, including:
• Three years tax holidays for manufacturers from date of commencement of
manufacturing
• Tax holidays on dividend incomes from investments made on domestic energy
sources for 7 years;
• Exempting public electricity suppliers from income tax subject to expanding the
network at a cost equivalent to foregone income tax in the preceding year on an
annual basis;
– Income tax exemption on interest incomes to domestic creditors extending loans with a
repayment period of at least 5 years to companies engaged in power generation, transmission
and distribution during the duration of the loans.
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•
Allocation of resources for research into/promotion of mature alternative/renewable energy technologies;
– A 100% depreciation allowance in the first year of operation
– Exemption from excise duty and sales tax and concessionary customs duty on the first import
of materials used in renewable energy projects.
– (a) Soft Loans
• A percentage of the annual loans by special low interest power sector development
finance under the Bank of Industry should be reserved for Renewable Energy Supply
and Utilization Projects
– (b)Tax Holidays
– For new companies active in RE, a tax holiday should be provided for the first five years of
operation
•
Fiscal and Financial Incentives:
• Exemption from Custom Duties for Companies that import plants and equipment for R/E
Generation.
• Exemption from Corporate Tax.
• Grant income Tax and VAT holidays for three years.
• Provide Low interest Loans to investors from infrastructure Fund.
• Establish Credit Scheme to Customers to acquire Home Solar Equipment.
Name of the legal Act
National Energy Policy
4.3.
Type (law, regulation etc)
Policy
Year of release
2003
Main characteristics
Policy; Objective, strategies
Summary of Renewable Energy Targets
(i) Electricity Projection in MW (13% GDP Growth Rate)
S/N
RESOURCE
Hydro (large)
Hydro (small)
Solar PV
Solar Thermal
Biomass
Wind
All Renewables
All Energy Resources
% of Renewables
1
2
3
4
5
6
Short
Medium
Long
-
SHORT
4,000
100
300
300
5
23
4,628
21,238
22%
MEDIUM
9,000
760
4,000
2,005
30
40
15,835
85,668
18%
2010
2020
2030
ii) Non-Electricity (Thermal)
ACTIVITY/ITEM
Short
TIMELINE/QUANTITY
Medium
202,128
Total Thermal energy 193,709
248,809
production (GWh)
Renewable Energy Share 85
80*
79*
(%)
Other
non-renewable 15
20
21
Share (%)
*The decline over the years is due to the planned decrease in the consumption of fuel wood.
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LONG
11,250
3,500
30,005
10,000
100
50
54,905
270,068
20%
Long
To achieve these targets, Nigeria will embark on the following activities:
1. Gather information on the development of emerging renewable energy technologies.
2. Encourage research and development (R&D) for the exploitation of these emerging energy resources.
3. Prioritize the level of need, level of technological development and viability of emerging renewable
energy resources.
4.4.
Relevant Stakeholders in the RE&EE Sector
Organization/
institution
Energy Commission
of Nigeria
Address
Contact
E-mail
Plot 701C,
Central
Area, Abuja
Director
General,
Prof.
Sambo
dg@energy.
.gov.ng
assambo@yaho
o.com`
Federal Ministry of
Environment
Federal
Secretariat
Abuja
Federal
Secretariat
Hon.
Minister
__
__
Hon.
Minister
__
Federal
secretariat
Abuja
Hon.
Minister
__
Federal Ministry of
Power
Federal Ministry of
Transport
4.5.
Roles
Activity
RE & EE Policy
Pilot Project/ Policy
making
mitigation
__
Climate
Change/Environm
ental Issues
RE Electricity
__
Transportation
Scaling-up RE/EE
Electrification
Project
RE/EE
in
Transportation
(biofules)
Relevant International Organizations Financing RE&EE Projects/Programmes
Organization/
institution/ donor
UNDP
Address
Contact Person
E-mail
Abuja
Mr. Muyiwa
muyiwa.o
dele@und
p.ng
World Bank
UNESCO
UNIDO
Abuja
Abuja
Abuja
Dr. Otu
Mr. Reuben
4.6.
Telephone
number
08033111631
Telephone
number
08023361263
Target group/ sector
08070846377
08033930400
Energy & Environment
General public
Energy/Environment
What are the main areas in which regional coordination (among ECOWAS
countries) on Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy would be useful?
Answer: Training & Capacity Building
5.
Energy Access
5.1.
Institutions responsible for energy access (in rural and/or peri-urban areas)
A number of institutions are involved in energy access for rural and/or peri-urban areas: the Federal Ministry of
Power, Energy Commission of Nigeria.
The Rural Electrification Agency of Nigeria was established in March 2006 to rapidly expand rural and peri-urban
access to electricity in the country in a cost-effective manner, employing both grid and off-grid options.
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5.2.
Main actions taken to increase access to energy (in rural and/or peri-urban
areas)?
The Rural Electrification Project Programme (2.) Electricity Sector Power reform Act 2005
5.3.
Programs geared towards increasing access to electricity
Program/Activity
1.
2.
3.
Target Group
Rural
Electrification
ESPR Act
2005
National
Integrated
Power
Programme
Rural or
Area?
Urban
Rural/Urban
Grid connected or
decentralized
off
grid systems?
Both
Both
Both
Both
Grid-connected
Short description
of the program/
activity
Grid extension and
solar projects
Liberalization
of
power sector
To fast track power
supply
Nigeria is In the process of establishing a national mult-sectoral group on energy access and has also included
energy efficiency in energy access programs for low-income communities.
6.
Actions in the Field of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy
Are there household energy efficiency products already available in rural markets in your
country?
Answer: Yes, CFLs, EE Fridges and A/C.
What is the percentage of households that rely on traditional biomass for cooking and /or
heating?
Answer: Over 70%
Are there programs for rural markets facilities access to modern cooking fuels and clean
cooking facilities?
Ans: Just developing thru BOI/UNDP projects
Are there programs to increase the efficiency of biomass for cooking? Yes
Answer: Yes, Improved Fuel wood Programmes
What is the percentage of households that rely on kerosene for lighting, (car) batteries for
changing e.g. cell phones and radio/TV, diesel or human energy for grinding? 60%
Answer: 60%
Do any of these programs take gender mainstreaming approach or target women especially?
Answer: Not really
Title of the
Action
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Ans:
Nature of the
action
(policy,
technology,
Short description of the
action
Sectors
concerned
Duration
(start and
end date)
Financing
institutions
(national, donor
project,
Pilot Projects
behavioral
change, etc.)
Tech.
international)





Awareness
Workshop
Trainings
GEF-EE
Xxx
Policy,
Technology
and behavioral
Both
Annually
Replacement of
incandescent
lamps with
CFLs.
Solar
refrigeration
Solar mini-grids
Solar street
lights
Solar water
pumping system
Federal/States
Workshop/Seminars
Workshop/Seminars
Do you have standards and labels or certification systems for appliances, buildings and other
equipment (i.e. light bulbs, refrigerators, air conditioning systems, construction materials,
solar panels, efficient cook stoves, water heater, solar water heater…….).
Answer: No
Do you have special activities in regard to Energy efficiency in buildings (i.e tropical
architecture, materials, heating, ventilation, air conditioning systems etc)? Yes
Answer: Yes, lighting in buildings
What were/are the most successful actions and initiatives which had a positive impact on the
development of energy efficiency and RES (e.g. energy law, institutional set-up subsidy
schemes, etc?) Institutional set-up and international organization-assisted project.
Answer: Energy Policy
7.
Recommendations
Please prioritise the following activities according to their most relevant need for action in
order to improve EE and the use of RES in your country.
Ans:
Improvement of the legal and regulatory frame work for RES
and EE
Institutional set-up/ change
Training and human capacity development
Awareness raising and information
Creation of financial mechanisms
Definition of standards, labeling and certification of
equipment and skills
Reduction of market distortion barriers (F.E reduction of
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Please indicate 1-8 while 1 should represent the most
relevant need for action
1
8
1
1
1
2
1
subsidies on fossil fuels)
Development of a regional market/ Industry for EE/RES
6
Is there any institution in your country that has or could take over the leadership for the
development of RES and EE programmes? Yes
Ans: Yes – Energy Commission of Nigeria
What are the main fields where further qualification is required to position the organization
accordingly (recommendations)?
Ans: Energy Management and Economics
Please prioritize the sectors according to their potential for EE-improvements.
Ans:
Please indicate 1-6 while 1 should represent the
most relevant Sector
Residential Sector
1
Industrial Sector
3
Commercial Sector
1
Agricultural Sector
5
Transport Sector
3
Service Sector
2
Sources of Information:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Annual Reports (2009, 2010)
Annual Technical Report, National Control Centre, Oshogbo (2007 – 2009)
NNPC Annual Statistical Bulletin (2009)
National Bureau of Statistics(NBS)(2006),
“Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire Survey, Nigeria”
Institutions involved in Energy
Organisation
Ministry of Power
Energy Commission
Energy Commission research centres (5 centres)
National Electricity Regulatory Authority (NERC)
Rural Electrification Agency
Ministry of Science and Technology
Infrastructure Commission
Inter-ministerial Committee on Renewable Energy and
Energy Efficiency
University of Lagos, EE Research Centre
No organisation is specifically responsible for EE.
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Responsibility
8.
ENERGY ACCESS
The Rural Electrification Agency of Nigeria was inaugurated in March 2006 to rapidly expand rural and peri-urban
access to electricity in the country in a cost-effective manner, employing both grid and off-grid options.
9.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Awareness raising for consumers
Making consumers aware of the importance of their contribution to energy efficiency is a key action (AEDC).
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