Abortion
Ch. 6
•Definition
•Statistics
•Types
•Moral Considerations
•Contributing Factors
•Prevention
How Abortion is Provided
•Interruption in Pregnancy
–Miscarriage/Spontaneous abortion - embryo or fetus dies in the uterus and is expelled
by the body
–Ending a pregnancy voluntarily - induced abortion
● About 6 million pregnancies in U.S. each
year are unplanned or unintended
•About 1.2 million abortions are performed in the U.S. each year
•Decline in teen abortions between 1994 and 2000 (attributed to better knowledge and
abstinence)
Two Types of First- Term Abortions
(6-14 weeks)
1. Surgical Abortion
Performed by Surgical Aspiration
Side Effects:
Intense Cramps
1 in 100: Infection
1 in 100: Cervical Tear
Two Types of First- Term Abortions cont…
2. Medical Abortion
●Can offer up to 9 weeks
● Consists of 2 drugs:
Drug 1 blocks progesterone
Drug 2 causes uterine contractions on day #3
Side Effects:
Bleeding
Cramping
Nausea
Diarrhea
Second Semester Abortions
(14-22 Weeks)
Dialation and Evacuation (D & E)
Cervix Dilated
Vacuum Aspiration
Instruments Used
Moral Considerations
•Pro-life: The fertilized egg is a human being from the moment of conception and
therefore an abortion is murder.
–moral obligation
–adoption
–destructive effects on our traditional morals
and values
Moral Considerations
•Pro-Choice : There are distinct stages of fetal development and that preserving the fetus
early in pregnancy is not the ultimate moral concern.
–Women should have the right to make their own decisions
–Unsafe and unregulated practices
–Socioeconomic Factors and accessibility
–Physicians and the law
Decisions to Make
•Religious and moral beliefs
•Long-term feelings about the decision
•Psychological (emotional) Effects
•Partner’s feelings and her ability to deal with his response
•Presence or lack of supportive friends or family
•Availability of medical services and transportation to a facility
•Financial resources
Prevention
•Know your partner
•Practice Safer Sex: Men and Women
(Protected, sober)
•
Know your partner
● Recognize that if you are sexually active in a pregnant or get someone pregnant
Immunity and Infection
Chapter 13
Objectives
•1. Describe the process by which infectious diseases are transmitted
(Chain of Infection)
•2. Explain how the immune system responds to an invading organism.
•3. List the major types of pathogens and the common diseases they cause.
•4. Define key terms
Key Terms
ANTIGEN- Any substance capable of
triggering an immune response.
Can be a virus, bacterium, fungus, parasite, abnormal cell, foreign substance
ANTIBODIES are formed when the body is invaded by an ANTIGEN.
PATHOGENS are disease -causing agents.
Viruses are the smallest pathogens- require a host organism to survive and
multiply
The presence of a Pathogen creates the potential for the disease
▪ Pathogens can be transmitted directly by
direct contact between body surfaces
breathing contaminated air droplets
fecal-oral spread
▪ Pathogens can be transmitted indirectly by
air, food and water
animals, insects, birds
towels, eating utensils, clothing
Chain of Infection
Body’s Defense System
•Physical and Chemical barriers
–Skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract
–Immunulogical Defenders
Body’s Defense System
•Immune Response
–Phase 1 –Recognition of invading
–Phase 2 –Amplification of Defenses
–Phase 3 – Attack!-Killer T cells strike
–Phase 4 – Suppressor T cells halt
pathogen
Immune Response
Immunization
The process of ‘priming’ the body to remember an encounter with a specific
antigen.
VACCINE- Introduction of a killed or weakened pathogen to stimulate the body to
produce antibodies.
(active immunity).
Allergy
The Body’s Defense System defends against harmless substance
Allergens
Dander, Dust mites, Molds, Food, Insects
The Allergic response
Anaphylaxic Response
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Drug Resistance
Poverty
The breakdown of public health measures
Environmental changes
Travel and Commerce
Mass food production and Distribution
Human Behaviors
Supporting your Immune System
Public Health
Prevention
Nutrition
Exercise
Rest
Moderation of Lifestyle
Controlling Stress
Pollen,