Student Outline - Cardiovascular System: The Heart
The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
NOTE: Bring Heart Dissection Handout from web to lab, as well as lab material.
Safety glasses are mandatory!!
1.
Introduction
Upper Appendages
and Head
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Li ve r
Hepatic
Portal
Vein
Organs of the Body
(Vicera)
Lower Appendages
and Legs
Overhead 1
Student Outline - Cardiovascular System: The Heart
A.
B.
Location
•
Apex
•
Base
Pericardium - (See “Body Cavities” handout {you may
have had it in A&P I})
i.
Fibrous pericardium
ii.
Serous Pericardium
a.
C.
Pericardial Cavity
•
Parietal Layer
•
Visceral Layer (Epicardium)
•
Pericardial Fluid
Wall of the Heart
i.
Epicardium
ii.
Myocardium
iii.
Endocardium
•
Endothelium
D.
Cardiac Skeleton
E.
Anatomical Landmarks
i.
Anterior Interventricular Sulcus
ii.
Interventricular Septum
iii.
Posterior Interventricular Sulcus
iv.
Coronary Sulcus
•
Right and Left Coronary arteries
Overhead 2
Student Outline - Cardiovascular System: The Heart
2.
Functional Anatomy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Double Pump
i.
Right Heart
ii.
Left Heart
iii.
Septum
Atria
i.
Auricle
ii.
Atrioventricular Orifices
iii.
Fossa Ovalis
iv.
Pectinate Muslces
Ventricles
i.
Trabeculae Carneae
ii.
Chordae Tendineae
Blood Volume
•
Equal Volume
•
Thick Left Ventricle
Overhead 3
Student Outline - Cardiovascular System: The Heart
E.
General Heart Valve Anatomy
i.
F.
3.
4.
Atrioventricular valves
a.
Tricuspid Valve
b.
Bicuspid Valve
c.
Cusps
d.
Chordae Tendineae
e.
Papillary Muscles
Semilunar valves
i.
Aortic Semilunar Valve
ii.
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Great Vessels of the Heart
A.
Pulmonary Arteries
B.
Pulmonary Veins
C.
Superior Vena Cava
D.
Inferior Vena Cava
E.
Aorta
i.
Ascending aorta
ii.
Aortic Arch
iii.
Descending Aorta
Blood Supply to the Heart
A.
B.
Coronary Arteries
i.
Right Coronary Artery
ii.
Left Coronary Artery
Coronary Sinus and Veins
Overhead 4
Student Outline - Cardiovascular System: The Heart
5.
6.
Regulation of Blood Flow
A.
Metabolic Process of Autoregulation
B.
Myogenic Process of Autoregulation
Physiology of the Heart
A.
B.
C.
Histological Considerations
i.
Intercalated Disks
ii.
Gap Junctions
iii.
Desmosomes
iv.
Syncytium
v.
Mitochondria and Myoglobin
Electrical Properties of Cardiac Muscle Cells
i.
Resting Membrane Potential
ii.
Propagated Action Potential
a.
Depolarization
b.
Repolarization
Conduction System of the Heart (Note interesting Animation on web)
i.
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
ii.
Internodal Tracts
iii.
Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)
iv.
Atrioventricular Bundle
v.
Bundle Branches
vi.
Perkinji Fibers
•
Syncytium
Overhead 5
Student Outline - Cardiovascular System: The Heart
7.
Cardiac Cycle (ESSAY:
Use Text as reference as well as lecture.
The points listed below should be used more as a “Check List (√)” for
essay preparation. It will not be a strict guide to the lecture sequence
at this point!)
A.
B.
•
Systole
•
Diastole
Systolic and Diastolic Events
i.
Atrial Systole
ii.
Ventricular Systole
iii.
Atrial Diastole
iv.
Ventricular Diastole
Path of Blood through the Heart (Several animations are available)
i.
C.
Blood enters the Atria
a.
Superior Vena Cava
b.
Inferior Vena Cava
c.
Pulmonary Veins
ii.
Blood is pumped into the Ventricles
iii.
Ventricular Hesitation
iv.
Ventricular Contraction
a.
Systemic Circulation
b.
Pulmonary Circulation.
Valve Mechanics
i.
Atrioventricular Valves
ii.
Semilunar Valves
Overhead 6
Student Outline - Cardiovascular System: The Heart
8.
Events of the Cardiac Cycle
A.
B.
C.
Contraction
i.
Ventricular Diastole (Atrial Systole)
ii.
Isovolumetric Ventricular Contraction
iii.
Ventricular Ejection
iv.
Isovolumetric Ventricular Relaxation
Heart Sounds
•
Auscultatory Events
•
Phonocardiogram
i.
First Heart Sound
ii.
Second Heart Sound
Electrocardiogram
Deporaization of Ventricles
Repolarization of Atria
R
T
P
Q S
i.
Deporaization
of Atria
Electrocardiograph
a.
P Wave
b.
P-R Segment
c.
QRS Complex
d.
S-T Segment
e.
T wave
Cardiac Output
Overhead 7
Repolarization
of Ventricles
Student Outline - Cardiovascular System: The Heart
•
9.
Stroke Volume
Beta Oxidation (pull out handout on “Energy and Cardiac Muscle
Contraction”)
10.
Nervous Control of the Heart (pull out downloadable handout on
“Cardiac Control”)
A.
Baroreceptors
•
Chemoreceptors
Cardioregulatory Center
i.
ii.
Cardioacceleratory Center (CAC)
•
Sympathetic Fibers
•
Norepinephrine
Cardioinhibitory Center (CIC)
a.
11.
•
Vagus Nerve
•
Parasympathetic Fibers
•
Acetylcholine
Endocrine Control of the Heart (see “Cardiac Control” handout)
A.
Adrenal Medulla cell
•
Epinephrine
•
Norepinephrine
Overhead 8