List #1: protagonist, antagonist, conflict, rising action, climax
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English 9 ~ EOC Vocabulary Terms ~ Jacklin List #1: protagonist, antagonist, conflict, rising action, climax, narrator, mood, tone, irony, archetype Antagonist the person or force working against the main character Archetype very old patterns or images that recur over and over again in literature; they can be characters, plots, animals, or settings. Climax the high point of interest or suspense in a story Conflict struggle between opposing forces Irony the differences between appearance and reality, expectation and result, or meaning and intention Mood the feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage Narrator the person telling the story Protagonist the main character in a literary work Rising Action the events leading up to the story’s climax Tone the writer’s attitude toward his/her audience or subject List #2: character, characterization, exposition, falling action, narrative hook, plot, point-of-view, setting, symbol, theme Character Characterization Exposition Falling Action Narrative Hook Plot Point of View Setting Symbol Theme the person or animal who takes part in the action of a literary work the act of creating or developing a character introduction to a story that includes setting, characters, conflict and provides important background information follows the high point/turning point of the story; happens as a result of the climax the part of the story that catches the reader’s interest & makes them want to go on the sequence of events in a literary work the perspective from which the story is being told the location and time-period in which a story takes place anything that stands for or represents something else a central message or insight into life revealed through the literary work List 3: denouement, dialect, dialogue, figurative language, flashback, foreshadowing, imagery, suspense, resolution, villain Dialect the form of a language spoken by people in a particular region or group Dialogue a conversation between characters Denouement the final resolution of the intricacies of a plot, as of a drama or novel Figurative Language writing or speech not meant to be interpreted literally Flashback when the action in a work stops and the reader is returned to some previous time period or event Foreshadowing the use of clues that suggest events that have yet to occur Imagery the descriptive or figurative language used in literature to create word pictures Resolution the settling of the main/primary conflict in a piece of literature Suspense the feeling of curiosity or uncertainty about the outcome of events Villain the evil person in a piece of literature that seeks to bring about destruction/despair List 4: acronym, alliteration, autobiography, biography, diction, essay, fantasy, hero/heroine, hyperbole, narrative Acronym Alliteration Autobiography Biography Diction Essay Fantasy Hero / heroine Hyperbole Narrative an abbreviation that makes a word; a word made of the initial letters of words in a phrase the repetition of initial consonant sounds a form of nonfiction in which a person tells his or her own life story a form of nonfiction in which the writer tells the life story of another person word choice; a writer’s word choice a short nonfiction work about a particular subject a highly imaginative writing that contains elements not found in real life a character who exhibits extraordinary powers such as strength, courage, or intelligence a figure of speech in which an exaggeration is made for emphasis or humorous effect a story told in fiction, nonfiction, poetry, or drama List #5: audience, elaboration, etymology, fiction, genre, nonfiction, sarcasm, (short story), title, (verbal irony) Audience those reached by books, magazines, newspapers, etc. Elaboration expanding something in detail; discussing something at length Etymology the history of a linguistic form (i.e.: words) Genre a category or type of literature Fiction prose writing that tells about imaginary characters and events Nonfiction prose writing that presents and explains ideas or that tells about real people, places, objects or events Sarcasm criticism that appears to be praise Short Story a brief work of fiction Title the distinguishing name of a written, printed, spoken or filmed production Verbal Irony when something is said and something opposite or nearly opposite is meant List #6: bibliography, complication, humor, ironic, (local color), novel, parable, prose, (situational irony), verisimilitude Bibliography Complication Humor Ironic Local Color Novel Parable Prose Situational irony Verisimilitude a list of source material used in the preparation of a work or referred to in the text a situation or detail that complicates the main thread of the plot amusing descriptions, exaggerations or sarcastic remarks used to make readers laugh expressing, containing or constituting irony specific details that are unique characteristics of a certain area or location a long work of fiction that explores characters in conflict a short fictitious story that illustrates a moral attitude or a religious principle the ordinary form of a written language (as opposed to poetry, drama or song) an unexpected event ~ an interesting surprise or coincidence the appearance of truth; probability; likelihood List #7: analogy, antonym, Analogy Antonym Coherence Connotation Description Denotation Expository Mode Narrative Writing Persuasion expository, coherence, connotation, denotation, description, mode, (narrative writing), persuasion a comparison between 2 or more things that are similar in some ways but otherwise unalike a word of opposite meaning the integration of diverse elements, relationships or values the set of ideas associated with a word in addition to its explicit meaning a portrait in words of a person, place or object the dictionary definition of a word, independent of other associations it may have writing that gives information, discusses ideas or explains a process a form or manner of expression; style writing that tells a story writing or speech that attempts to convince the reader/listener to adopt a particular opinion or course of action List #8: cliché, euphemism, inference, metaphor, paraphrase, rhetoric, simile, style, synonym, (thesis statement) Cliché an expression or saying that is ineffective because it’s been overused Euphemism a kinder or gentler way of saying something in order to avoid offending someone Inference a conclusion drawn based on facts presented or gathered Metaphor a comparison not using like, as or than Paraphrase a restatement of a text passage or work giving the meaning in another form Rhetoric the art of expressive speech or discourse & skill in its effective use Simile a comparison using like, as or than Style the “way” a writer writes ~ includes syntax, diction, sentence structure, and tone Synonym a word having the same or nearly the same meaning a another word Thesis Statement a position/proposition that a person advances & maintains or offers to maintain w/argument List #9: allusion, epic, (epic hero), epithet, (extended metaphor), (Homeric simile), hubris, (in medias res), myth, (narrative poetry) Allusion Epic Epic Hero Epithet Extended Metaphor Homeric Simile Hubris In Medias Res Myth Narrative Poetry a writer’s indirect reference to a person, place or thing that the reader should know about a long narrative poem about the deeds of gods or heroes the protagonist in an epic whose actions help decide the fate of a nation or a group of people a unique title or description of a character that indicates something about that character a comparison or several comparisons sustained for several lines or for an entire poem an elaborate comparison of unlike subjects; also referred to as an epic ___ (answer is 2 words) over-whelming pride or self-confidence; arrogance occurs when a story starts in the middle of the action a fictional tale that explains the actions of gods or the causes of natural phenomena poems that tell stories List 10: couplet, end rhyme, meter, onomatopoeia, personification, rhyme, rhythm, scansion, universality, wit Couplet two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme End Rhyme when the rhyming words come at the end of lines Meter a rhythmical pattern which is determined by the number and types of stresses or beats in each line Onomatopoeia a word whose sounds suggests or communicates its meaning Personification giving non-human or inanimate objects human characteristics Rhyme similar vowel and/or consonant sounds between two or more syllables or words Rhythm the pattern of beats or stresses in spoken or written language Scansion the analysis of a rhythmic structure Universality the amount of relevance or appeal a piece of literature has to a large audience Wit brief, quick, intelligent or thought-provoking humor List 11: anecdote, editorial, fable, (fairy tale), folklore, (folk tale), (historical fiction), legend, maxim, melodrama Anecdote Editorial a brief story used to illustrate a point an article that expresses a view on a matter of current interest or an expression of such an opinion that resembles such an article Fable a story of supernatural or highly marvelous happenings that often enforce some truth or precept Fairy Tale a simple narrative dealing with supernatural beings that is typical of folk origin and written or told for the amusement of children Folklore traditional customs, beliefs, dances, songs, tales or sayings preserved orally and unreflectively among a people or group Folk Tale a story traditional among a people and characteristically anonymous, timeless & placeless Historical Fiction a fictional narrative set in an actually historical event or moment Legend a story coming down from the past, esp. one handed down through time that’s often regarded as historical although not usually verifiable Maxim an expression regarded as a general truth, fundamental principle or rule of conduct Melodrama. a dramatic form that does not observe the laws of cause & effect & that exaggerates emotion & emphasizes plot or action at the expense of characterization List #12: literal, mystery, proverb, pseudonym, (realistic fiction), romance, satire, (science fiction), (short history), voice Literal Mystery Proverb Pseudonym Realistic Fiction Romance Satire Science Fiction Short History Voice language in which words are used in their ordinary sense a work of fiction in which terror, espionage and suspense occur a short sentence or phrase expressing a recognized truth in life a false name sometimes used by an author; a pen name imaginative literature that seems or appears to be true a story of knights and extravagant characters a humorous mocking or ridiculing of a person, group, idea, etc. that has a more serious intent writing that tells about imaginary events that involve science and technology a chronological record of events; events that are real – not imaginary distinctive qualities of a writer’s personality & style; includes diction, attitude & ideas List #13: colloquialism, parallelism, poem, preface, speaker, stanza, stereotype, synopsis, syntax, tall tale Colloquialism Parallelism Poem Preface Speaker Stanza Stereotype Synopsis Syntax Tall Tale a local expression, understood best by those from that area repetition for effect: in writing, the deliberate repetition of particular words or sentence structures for effect piece written in verse: a complete and self-contained piece of writing in verse that is set out in lines of a particular length and uses rhythm, imagery, and often rhyme to achieve its effect introductory part of text the person doing the talking in a poem a group of words in a poem or song that convey/communicate a complete thought a representative for a certain type of person, belief, opinion, appearance, etc summary of text or subject the organization of words in sentences a short story that stretches the furthest point of the imagination List #14: aside, comedy, drama, (dramatic foil), (dramatic monologue), foil, monologue, prologue, sonnet, tragedy Aside Comedy Drama Dramatic Foil Dramatic Monologue Foil Monologue Prologue Sonnet Tragedy a piece of dialogue intended for the audience & supposedly not heard by other characters on stage a literary work, especially a play, that has a happy ending a story written to be performed by actors a character that provides contrast to another character in a play a speech written as if spoken by an imagined character, in his or her voice and tone. (It is 'dramatic' because it comes from a character created by the author in the manner of that character speaking or thinking out loud. It is a 'monologue' because it comes from one character only) a character that provides contrast to another character is a speech by one character within the presence and hearing of other characters an introductory passage or speech before the main action of a play, novel or long poem a fourteen-line lyric poem usually written in iambic pentameter a work of literature, especially a play, that results in a catastrophe for the main character List #15: catharsis, (dramatic irony), epilogue, (iambic pentameter), oxymoron, soliloquy, sone, (stage directions), (tragic flaw), (tragic hero) Catharsis the purification or purging of emotions Dramatic Irony occurs when the reader knows important information that a character does not know Epilogue short section at the end of a book; a concluding speech or the actor giving such a speech Iambic Pentameter a five-beat poetic line w/ an alternating pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables Oxymoron the close combining of opposite terms or words to create an ironic effect Soliloquy a long speech given by a character while alone on stage Parody a work created to mock, comment on, or poke fun at an original work, its subject, author, style, or some other target, by means of humorous, satiric or ironic imitation Stage Directions instructions given to actors regarding where to go while performing Tragic Flaw a character “weakness” that causes the downfall of the protagonist in a tragedy Tragic Hero a character of high standing who experiences a great tragedy because of a character flaw List #16: (circular journey), innuendo, (internal conflict), intrigue, (linear journey), paradox, pun, (rhetorical question), subplot, unity Circular Journey a character begins the story in one location, travels to different locations, & then returns to the original locations Innuendo a suggested or sometimes “hidden” meaning Internal Conflict a personal struggle within a character or entity Intrigue complications in the plot that serve to create suspense Linear Journey when a character begins the story in one location and ends the story in another Paradox an apparently contradictory statement that only makes sense after further study or thought Pun a humorous twist or play on various words’ similar sounds and/or meanings Rhetorical Question asked for effect ~ not meant to actually be answered Subplot a minor or less-important story-line within the major story Unity a sense of completion or continuity in a piece of literature List #17: caricature, (direct characterization), (dynamic character), (flat character), (indirect character), (primary character), (round character), (secondary character), (static character), (tragic hero) Caricature writing that exaggerates the humorous characteristics of characters Direct Characterization when the author uses explicit statements or details to provide a character’s description Dynamic Character someone that changes, develops or evolves throughout the course of a story Flat Character. someone about which the reader knows or learns very little Indirect Characterization a character is described through comments, opinions, responses, etc. Primary Character anyone in the story whose presence is crucial to the plot Round Character an interesting person with much description & detail given about him or her Secondary Character someone who adds depth to a story but whose presence is not crucial to the plot Static Character someone that stays the same or doesn’t grow during the course of study Tragic Hero a character of high-standing who experiences a great tragedy due, largely, to a character flaw List #18: apostrophe, motivation, (point of view), (1st person), (2nd person), (3rd person-limited), (3rd person-omniscient), sentimentality, understatement, (stream-of-consciousness) Apostrophe First Person Motivation. Point-of-View Second Person Sentimentality Stream-of-Consciousness Understatement 3rd Person-Limited 3rd Person-Omniscient when a writer/character speaks to someone or something that doesn’t really exist or isn’t there narrator is a person/character in the story, telling the story from his perspective the reasons that drive or fuel a character’s actions the vantage point or perspective from which a story is told used primarily when giving instructions or directions the use of various predictable or clichéd techniques to bring about an emotional response a style of writing that seeks to duplicate thoughts as they actually occur in the mind an expression or saying that is less intense than what appears to be reality narrator is outside of the story & info. is confined to what they know or can see narrator is outside of the story & is “all-knowing” or God-like in perspective List #19: assonance, (blank verse), cacophony, consonance, dactyl, dissonance, (free verse), quatrain, sestet, tercet Assonance Blank Verse Cacophony Consonance Dactyl Dissonance Free Verse Quatrain Sestet Tercet the repetition of words with similar vowel sounds and different ending consonant sounds unrhymed iambic pentameter the use of jarring or harsh unpleasant sounds in language for literary effect the repetition of words with different vowels sounds & similar ending consonant sounds a metrical foot of 3 syllables with one stressed & two unstressed a combination of unpleasant and often unexpected sounds poetry without a particular pattern of rhyme or rhythm a four-line stanza a six-line stanza a three-line stanza
