MACKLIN SCHOOL GUIDELINES FOR WRITING
Guidelines for the Works Cited List
The Works Cited list at the end of your paper should list all the works from which you
have quoted or paraphrased in your essay and should provide the full publication
information so that others will easily be able to locate the same sources. If your list of
sources includes works not cited in your paper, the title should be Works Consulted.
 The list must start on a new page.
 Center the title Works Cited (or Works Consulted) and number this page sequentially
as part of the paper.
 Entries are in alphabetical order by last name of the author. Other works by the
same author are listed alphabetically by title. Do not number entries.
 Double space the entire Works Cited page but do not skip spaces between entries.
Each entry begins at the left margin; subsequent lines in the same entry are
indented one-half inch (one tab) from the left margin.
 Use one inch margins, as in the paper.
 Each entry on your Works Cited page must include the following (if available):
 Name/s of the author/s – last name, first name and initial (as provided) of the
first author; normal order for others.
 Title of the work (and, if it part of a larger document, the title of the book,
journal, etc.) titles of books or other works published independently are
always underlined or written in italics. Titles of works that appear within larger
works are put in quotation marks.
 For complete print documents (such as books), give the place of publication,
the publisher (in short form) and year of publication (most recent)
 When citing publishers’ names, abbreviate using the following rules:
o Leave out articles (The, A, An), business abbreviations (Co., Ltd., Inc.)
and descriptive words (Books, Press, House, Publishers)
o A “University Press” is shortened to UP wherever the words appear in the
publisher’s name: Oxford UP, U of Toronto P
o If the publisher is a person’s name, use the last name only: Norton for
W.W. Norton. If the publisher’s name is a string of surnames, use the first
one only: Nelson for Nelson Thomson.
o You may shorten the publisher’s name to its initials only if the press is
familiar to your audience: MLA.
 Use these abbreviations if a book does not provide the following publication
or pagination information: N.p. for no place; n.p. for no publisher; N. pag for
no pagination
 If a source has no author, alphabetize it by its title, ignoring any article (A, An or The)
that begins the title.
 For every entry, you must determine the Medium of Publication. Most entries will
likely be listed as Print or Web sources, but other possibilities may include Film, CDROM, or DVD.
 Writers are no longer required to provide URLs for Web entries.
 Use italics (instead of underlining) for titles of larger works (books, magazines) and
quotation marks for titles of shorter works (poems, articles)
Preparing the List of Works Cited
A. Citing Books and Other Non-Periodicals
Book by a single author
Last name, First name and initial (if given). Title. Place of publication(city
and state/province if needed for clarity): Publisher (shortened form),
Year of Publication. Medium of publication.
Frye, Northrup. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton, NJ:
Princeton UP, 1957. Print.
Two or More Books by the Same Author (in this case Frye)
Author omitted; type three hyphens and a period. Title. Place of
publication: Publisher (shortened form), Year of publication. Medium
of Publication.
- - -. The Double Vision: Language and Meaning in Religion. Toronto:
U of Toronto P, 1991. Print.
If the person named edited, translated or compiled the book, place a
comma after the three hyphens and use the appropriate abbreviation (ed.,
trans., or comp.).
- - -, ed. Design for Learning: Reports Submitted to the Joint Committee of the
Toronto Board of Education and the University of Toronto. Toronto: U of
Toronto P, 1962. Print.
Book Published in a Second or Subsequent Edition
Last name, First name and Initial (if given). Title. Edition. City of
Publication: Publisher (shortened form), Year of Publication. Medium
of Publication.
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writer’s of Research Papers. 6th ed.
New York: Modern Language Assoc. of America, 2003. Print.
Book Prepared by an Editor
Author (last name, first name). Title. Editor (first name, last name). Place of
Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.
Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Marilyn Eisenstat. Toronto: Harcourt, 1988.
Print.
Book by Two Authors (Keep the same order of authors as on the book’s title
page.)
Last name, First name and Initial (if given), and First Name Last Name. Title.
Edition. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium
of Publication.
Stewart, Kay L., Chris J. Bullock, and Marian E. Allen. Essay Writing for
Canadian Students. 5th ed. Scarborough: Pearson, 2003. Print.
Book by Three or More Authors
Last name, First name and initial (if given) et. al. Title. City of Publication:
Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication..
Ellis,Doris et.al. History of Japan. New York: Harcourt, 1989. Print.
Book by a Corporate Author
Name of Corporate Author (omit A, An or The). Title. City of Publication:
Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.
American Allergy Association. Allergies in Children. New York: Random, 1998.
Print.
Book in a Series
Name of Author/s (if editors, add eds.) Title of Book: Subtitle. Series Name
and #. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of
Publication.
Minkova, Donka and Robert Stockwell, eds. Studies in the History of the English
Language: A Millennial Perspective. Topics in English Linguistics 39.
Berlin: Mouton, 2002. Print.
An Anonymous Book
Alphabetize the entry by the first word of the title. If the title begins with the article
A, An or The, include the article in the title, but alphabetize by the next word. For
example, The Holy Bible would be alphabetized by the H.
Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of
Publication. Medium of Publication.
The Holy Bible: New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.
Print.
A Translation
If you refer mainly to the work, give name of author first, then name of translator.
If the book has an editor as well, give name/s with appropriate abbreviation/s in
the order appearing on the title page of your source
Name of Author/s. Title of Book. Trans. Name of Translator/s. Ed. Name of
Editor/s. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication (Original
title and Year can then be added after the shortened form for
Translation of). Medium of Publication.
Levi, Primo. Survival in Auschwitz: The Nazi Assault on Humanity. Trans. Stuart
Woolf. New York: Collier-MacMillan, 1987. Trans. of Se questo e un
uomo. 1958. Print
Government Publication
Name of Government: Name of Agency. Name of Department (if specified)
Title of Document:Subtitle/s of Document. City of Publication: Name
of Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication..
Canada. Canada Council. Research and Evaluation. The Canada Council
Mandate: Structure, Programs, and Administration: A Summary. Ottawa:
Research and Evaluation, Canada Council, 1982. Print.
B. Citing Specific Parts, Works or Articles Within Books
Chapter or Article in an Edited Book
Author/s of Chapter or Article. “Title of Chapter.” Title of Book. Ed. Name/
Of Editor/s. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Pages
of Chapter. Medium of Publication.
Beechey, Veronica. “Women and Production: A Critical Analysis of Some
Sociological Theories of Women’s Work.” Feminism and Materialism:
Women and Modes of Production. Ed. Annette Kuhn and Ann Marie
Wolpe. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978. 155-95. Print.
Work in an Anthology – not previously published independently (i.e. short story,
poem) and with fewer than three authors.
Author/s of work. “Title of Work.” Title of Anthology. Ed. Name/s of
Editor/s. Edition. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
Pages of Work Within Anthology. Medium of Publication.
Browning, Robert. “My Last Duchess.” The Harbrace Anthology of Literature.
Eds. Jon C. Stott, Raymond E. Jones, and Rick Bowers. 3rd ed. Toronto:
Nelson, 2002. 169-71. Print.
Work in an Anthology – originally published independently as a complete work
(i.e. play, novel)
Author/s of Work. Title of Work. Title of Anthology. Ed. Name of 1st Editor,
et al. Edition. Publisher: City, Year. Pages of Work within Anthology.
Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Norton Introduction to Literature. Ed. Jerome
Beaty, et al. 8th ed. New York: Norton, 2002. 1670-1769.
Article in a Reference Book (i.e. encyclopedia or dictionary)
Treat as a piece in a collection, but do not cite the editor. If your source arranges
articles alphabetically, you may omit the page numbers. Familiar reference works
do not require full publication information.
Signed entry:
Author/s. “Article Title.” Title of Reference Book. Edition. Year of
Publication. Medium of Publication.
Mohanty, Jitendra M. “Indian Philosophy.” The New Encyclopaedia Brittanica:
Macropaedia. 15th ed., 1987. Print.
Unsigned entry:
“Title of Entry.” Title of Reference Book. Vol. #. City (and state/province if
needed for clarity): Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of
Publication.
“Poisonous Plants.” Foods and Nutrition Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. Clovis, CA: Pegus
Press, 1983. Print.
Dictionary entry
“Term.” Definition #. Title of Dictionary. Edition. Year of Publication.
Medium of Publication.
“Interval.” Def 2. The Concise Oxford Dictionary. 7th ed. 1987. Print.
C. Citing Articles in Printed Periodicals
Article in a Newspaper
Author/s “Title of Article.” Name of Newspaper (without introductory article
The) Complete Date, edition (if named): Page number or numbers (#
- # if consecutive; #+ if not consecutive). Medium of Publication.
Chang, Kenneth. “The Melting (Freezing) of Antarctica.” New York Times 2 Apr.
2002, late ed.: F1+. Print.
Article in a Magazine (Do not cite volume and issue numbers even if provided.)
Author/s. “Title of Article: Subtitle.” Name of Magazine Date as provided:
Pages of Article. Medium of Publication.
Paul, Annie M. “Self-Help: Shattering the Myths.” Psychology Today Mar.-Apr.
2001: 60-68. Print.
Editorial (if unsigned, start with the title)
Name of author. “Title.” Editorial. Name of Publication Date in Full: Page/s.
Medium of Publication
Gergen, David. “A Question of Values.” Editorial. US News and World Report
11Feb. 2002: 72. Print.
D. Citing Electronic Publications
Citations of electronic sources have the same purpose as those of print sources: they
should enable your reader to locate the information. Websites are frequently updated
and information that is available at a site one day may disappear the next, so recording
your date of access is critical.
MLA lists electronic sources as Web Publications. Thus, when including the medium of
publication for electronic sources, list the medium as Web.
MLA no longer requires the use of URLs in MLA citations. Because Web addresses are
not static (i.e., they change often) and because documents sometimes appear in
multiple places on the Web (e.g., on multiple databases), MLA explains that most
readers can find electronic sources via title or author searches in Internet Search
Engines.
If publishing information is unavailable for entries that require publication information
such as publisher (or sponsor) names and publishing dates, MLA requires the use of
special abbreviations to indicate that this information is not available. Use n.p. to
indicate that neither a publisher nor a sponsor name has been provided. Use n.d. when
the Web page does not provide a publication date.
When an entry requires that you provide a page but no pages are provided in the
source (as in the case of an online-only scholarly journal or a work that appears in an
online-only anthology), use the abbreviation n. pag.
Entire Internet Site
Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version
number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site
(sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available).
Medium of publication. Date of access.
The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and
Purdue U, 2008. Web. 23 Apr. 2008.
Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov. 2003.
Web. 10 May 2006.
A Page on a Web Site
For an individual page on a Web site, list the author or alias if known, followed by the
information covered above for entire Web sites. Remember to use n.p. if no publisher
name is available and n.d. if no publishing date is given.
"How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow.com. eHow, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2009.
An Article in a Web Magazine
Provide the author name, article name in quotation marks, title of the Web magazine in
italics, publisher name, publication date, medium of publication, and the date of access.
Remember to use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if not publishing date is
given.
Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: For People
Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug. 2002. Web. 4 May 2009.
An Article from an Online Database (or Other Electronic Subscription Service)
Cite articles from online databases (e.g. LexisNexis, ProQuest, JSTOR, ScienceDirect)
and other subscription services just as you would print sources. Since these articles
usually come from periodicals, be sure to consult the appropriate sections of the Works
Cited: Periodicals page periodicals such as newspapers, magazines, scholarly journals,
etc). In addition to this information, provide the title of the database italicized, the
medium of publication, and the date of access.
Note: Previous editions of the MLA Style Manual required information about the
subscribing institution (name and location). This information is no longer required by
MLA.
Junge, Wolfgang, and Nathan Nelson. “Nature's Rotary Electromotors.” Science
29 Apr. 2005: 642-44. Science Online. Web. 5 Mar. 2009.
Langhamer, Claire. “Love and Courtship in Mid-Twentieth-Century England.”
Historical Journal 50.1 (2007): 173-96. ProQuest. Web. 27 May 2009.